忏悔录 Confessions | BOOKVIII Chapter6 奥古斯丁的纷扰

BOOKVIII Chapter6

奥古斯丁的纷扰

Such was the story of Pontitianus; but Thou, O Lord, while he was speaking, didst turn me round towards myself, taking me from behind my back where I had placed me, unwilling to observe myself; and setting me before my own face, that I might see how foul I was, how crooked and defiled, be spotted and ulcerous. And I beheld and stood aghast; and whither to flee from myself I found not. And if I sought to turn mine eye from off myself, he went on with his relation, and Thou again didst set me over against myself, and thrustedst me before my eyes, that I might find out mine iniquity, and hate it. I had known it, but made as though I saw it not, winked at it, and forgot it.

蓬提齐亚努斯讲了这些事。主啊！在他谈话时，你在我背后拉着我，使我转身面对着自己，因为我背着自己，不愿正视自己；你把我摆在我自己面前，使我看到自己是多么丑陋，多么猥琐龌龊，遍体疮痍。我见了骇极，却又无处躲藏。我竭力想逃避我的视线，而蓬提齐亚努斯还在讲述他的故事，你又把我按在我面前，强迫我去看，使我警醒而痛恨我的罪恶。我认识了，但我闭上眼睛，强自排遣，于是我又淡忘了。

But now, the more ardently I loved those whose healthful affections I heard of, that they had resigned themselves wholly to Thee to be cured, the more did I abhor myself, when compared with them. For many of my years (some twelve) had now run out with me since my nineteenth, when, upon the reading of Cicero's Hortensius, I was stirred to an earnest love of wisdom; and still I was deferring to reject mere earthly felicity, and give myself to search out that, where of not the finding only, but the very search, was to be preferred to the treasures and kingdoms of the world, though already found, and to the pleasures of the body, though spread around me at my will. But I wretched, most wretched, in the very commencement of my early youth, had begged chastity of Thee, and said, "Give me chastity and continency, only not yet." For I feared lest Thou shouldest hear me soon, and soon cure me of the desir of concupiscence, which I wished to have satisfied, rather than extinguished. And I had wandered through crooked ways in a sacrilegious superstition, not indeed assured there of, but as preferring it to the others which I did not seek religiously, but opposed maliciously.

当时，我越佩服他们两人能激发有益的热情，贡献全身，听凭你治疗，相形之下，越觉得自己的可耻，便越痛恨自己。从我十九岁那年读了西塞罗的《荷尔顿西乌斯》一书引起我对智慧的爱好后，多少年月悠悠过去了——大约十二年——我始终留连希冀于世俗的幸福，不致力于觅取另一种幸福，这种幸福，不要说求而得之，即使仅仅寄以向往之心，亦已胜于获得任何宝藏，胜于身践帝王之位，胜于随心所欲恣享淫乐。可是我这个不堪的青年，在我进入青年时代之际已没出息，那时我也曾向你要求纯洁，我说：“请你赏赐我纯洁和节制，但不要立即赏给。”我怕你立即答应而立即消除我好色之心，因为这种病态，我宁愿留着忍受，不愿加以治疗。我又走上狂悖迷信的邪路，但对于这种迷信，我本无真实信心，不过以为较优于其他理论，而所谓其他，我却无意诚求，只不过抱着敌对的态度加以攻击。

And I had thought that I therefore deferred from day to day to reject the hopes of this world, and follow Thee only, because there did not appear aught certain, whither to direct my course. And now was the day come where in I was to be laid bare to myself, and my conscience was to upbraid me. "Where art thou now, my tongue? Thou saidst that for an uncertain truth thou likedst not to cast off the baggage of vanity; now, it is certain, and yet that burden still oppresseth thee, while they who neither have so worn themselves out with seeking it, nor for ten years and more have been thinking there on, have had their shoulders lightened, and received wings to fly away."

我自以为我的趑趄不前，不肯轻视世俗的前途而一心追随你，是由于我没有找到确切的指南针，来指示我的方向。但时间到了；我终于赤裸裸地暴露在我面前，我的良心在谴责我：“你还有什么话说？你一直借口找不到明确的真理，所以不肯抛弃虚妄的包袱。现在你可明确了，真理在催迫你，只要你脱卸负累，自会展翅高飞，已不必辛苦探索，更无须再费一二十年的深思熟虑了。”

Thus was I gnawed within, and exceedingly confounded with a horrible shame, while Pontitianus was so speaking. And he having brought to a close his tale and the business he came for, went his way; and I into myself. What said I not against myself? with what scourges of condemnation lashed I not my soul, that it might follow me, striving to go after Thee! Yet it drew back; refused, but excused not itself. All arguments were spent and confuted; there remained a mute shrinking; and she feared, as she would death, to be restrained from the flux of that custom, whereby she was wasting to death.

我的心灵在腐蚀着，蓬提齐亚努斯讲述时，我感到非常可怕的羞愧。他讲完后，办好了应办的事，告辞而去。我以心问心，自怨自艾，我对我自己什么话没有说过？我思想的鞭策为了催促我努力跟随你。我倔强，我抗拒，并不提出抗拒的理由。理由已经说尽，都已遭到驳斥。剩下的只是沉默的恐惧，和害怕死亡一样，害怕离开习惯的河流，不能再畅饮腐败和死亡。

Then in this great contention of my inward dwelling, which I had strongly raised against my soul, in the chamber of my heart, troubled in mind and countenance, I turned upon Alypius. "What ails us?" I exclaim: "what is it? what heardest thou? The unlearned start up and take heaven by force, and we with our learning, and without heart, lo, where we wallow in flesh and blood! Are we ashamed to follow, because others are gone before, and not ashamed not even to follow?"

当我和我的灵魂在我的心境中发生剧烈的争竞时，我的面色我的思想也同样紧张，我冲到阿利比乌斯那里，叫喊道：“我们等待什么？你没有听到吗？那些不学无术的人起来攫取了天堂，我们呢？我们带着满腹学问，却毫无心肝，在血肉中打滚，是否他们先走一步，我们便耻于跟随他们？不是更应该惭愧自己没有跟随吗！”

Some such words I uttered, and my fever of mind tore me away from him, while he, gazing on me in astonishment, kept silence. For it was not my wonted tone; and my forehead, cheeks, eyes, colour, tone of voice, spake my mind more than the words I uttered.

我对他大概说了这一类的话，我激动的情绪将我从他面前拉走；他不作声，惊愕地望着我。我的话不同于寻常。我的额，我的面颊，我的眼睛，我的气色，我说话的声音，比我的言语更表示出我内心的冲动。

A little garden there was to our lodging, which we had the use of, as of the whole house; for the master of the house, our host, was not living there. Thither had the tumult of my breast hurried me, where no man might hinder the hot contention where in I had engaged with myself, until it should end as Thou knewest, I knew not. Only I was healthfully distracted and dying, to live; knowing what evil thing I was, and not knowing what good thing I was shortly to become.

我们的寓所有一个小花园，屋子和花园都听凭我们使用，因为屋主并不住在那里。我内心的风暴把我卷到花园中。那里没有人来阻止我自己思想上的剧烈斗争；斗争的结局，你早已清楚，我那时并不知道。但这种神经失常有益于我；这种死亡是通向生命。那时我了解我的病根在哪里，却不知道不久就要改善。

I retired then into the garden, and Alypius, on my steps. For his presence did not lessen my privacy; or how could he forsake me so disturbed?

我退到花园中，阿利比乌斯是寸步不离地跟在我后面。即使有他在身边，我依旧觉得我是孤独的。况且他看见我如此情形，能离我而去吗？

We sat down as far removed as might be from the house. I was troubled in spirit, most vehemently indignant that I entered not into Thy will and covenant, O my God, which all my bones cried out unto me to enter, and praised it to the skies. And there in we enter not by ships, or chariots, or feet, no, move not so far as I had come from the house to that place where we were sitting. For, not to go only, but to go in thither was nothing else but to will to go, but to will resolutely and thoroughly; not to turn and toss, this way and that, a maimed and half-divided will, struggling, with one part sinking as another rose.

我们在离开屋子最远的地方坐定下来。我的内心奔腾澎湃着愤慨的波涛，恨自己为何不追随你的意志，接受你的约法；我的上帝，我全身骨胳都对此发出呼号，它们的歌颂声上彻云霄。为达到这目的地，并不需要舟楫车马，甚至不需要走像从我们所生之处到屋子那样短短的一段路程。因为走往那里，甚至到达那里，只需愿意去，抱有坚强而完整的意志，而不是只有半身不遂，左右摇摆，半起半仆，半推半就，挣扎抗争的意志。

Lastly, in the very fever of my irresoluteness, I made with my body many such motions as men sometimes would, but cannot, if either they have not the limbs, or these be bound with bands, weakened with infirmity, or any other way hindered. Thus, if I tore my hair, beat my forehead, if locking my fingers I clasped my knee; I willed, I did it. But I might have willed, and not done it; if the power of motion in my limbs had not obeyed. So many things then I did, when "to will" was not in itself "to be able"; and I did not what both I longed incomparably more to do, and which soon after, when I should will, I should be able to do; because soon after, when I should will, I should will thoroughly. For in these things the ability was one with the will, and to will was to do; and yet was it not done: and more easily did my body obey the weakest willing of my soul, in moving its limbs at its nod, than the soul obeyed itself to accomplish in the will alone this its momentous will.

正在心烦意乱之际，我的手足作出许多动作，这些动作，如果一人手足残缺，或手足被束缚着，或四肢乏力，或因其他原因而不能动弹，则即使要做也没有这能力。我搔头，敲额，抱膝，这些动作是因为我要，才做出来。假如手足不听我指挥，那么即使我要做也做不到。这一方面，有许多动作，我的意愿和动作是不一致的。但另一方面，我又不做那些我以非常热烈的意愿所想望的事，这些事，只要我愿意做，立刻就能做；只要我真正愿意，就能如愿以偿；这一方面，能力和意愿是一致的；愿意即是行动。但我并不行动。我的肉体很容易听从灵魂的驱使，念头一转，手足跟着动了；我的灵魂却不容易听从自己的意志，完成重大的愿望。

Whence is this monstrousness, and to what end? Let Thy mercy gleam that I may ask, if so be the secret penalties of men, and those darkest pangs of the sons of Adam, may perhaps answer me. Whence is this monstrousness, and to what end? The mind commands the body, and it obeys instantly; the mind commands itself, and is resisted. The mind commands the hand to be moved; and such readiness is there, that command is scarce distinct from obedience. Yet the mind is mind, the hand is body. The mind commands the mind, its own self, to will, and yet it doth not. Whence this monstrousness, and to what end? It commands itself, I say, to will, and would not command, unless it willed, and what it commands is not done.

哪里来的这种怪事？原因何在？请你的慈爱照耀我，使我盘问一下人类所负担的神秘惩罚，和亚当子孙潜在的苦难，如果它们能答复我的话。这种怪事哪里来的？原因何在？灵魂命令肉体，肉体立即服从；灵魂命令自己，却抗拒不服。灵魂命手动，手便应命而动，发令和执行几乎不能区分先后，但灵魂总是灵魂，手是属于肉体的。灵魂命令灵魂愿意什么，这是命令自己，却不见动静。这种怪事哪里来的呢？原因何在？我说，灵魂发令愿意什么，如果灵魂不愿，便不会发令，可是发了命令，却并不执行。

But it willeth not entirely: therefore doth it not command entirely. For so far forth it commandeth, as it willeth: and, so far forth is the thing commanded, not done, as it willeth not. For the will commandeth that there be a will; not another, but itself. But it doth not command entirely, therefore what it commandeth, is not. For were the will entire, it would not even command it to be, because it would already be. It is therefore no monstrousness partly to will, partly to nill, but a disease of the mind, that it doth not wholly rise, by truth up borne, borne down by custom. And therefore are there two wills, for that one of them is not entire: and what the one lacketh, the other hath.

其实灵魂并不完全愿意，所以发出的命令也不是完全的命令。命令的尺度完全符合愿意的尺度，不执行的尺度也遵照不愿意的尺度，因为意志下令，才有意愿，这意愿并非另外一物，即使是意志本身。于此可见，灵魂不是以它的全心全意发出命令，才会令出不行。如果全心全意发出命令，则即无此命令，意愿亦已存在。因此意志的游移，并非怪事，而是灵魂的病态。虽则有真理扶持它，然而它被陋习重重压着，不能昂然起立。因此可见我们有双重意志，双方都不完整，一个有余，则一个不足。

Let them perish from Thy presence, O God, as perish vain talkers and seducers of the soul: who observing that in deliberating there were two wills, affirm that there are two minds in us of two kinds, one good, the other evil. Themselves are truly evil, when they hold these evil things; and themselves shall become good when they hold the truth and assent unto the truth, that Thy Apostle may say to them, Ye were sometimes darkness, but now light in the Lord. But they, wishing to be light, not in the Lord, but in themselves, imagining the nature of the soul to be that which God is, are made more gross darkness through a dreadful arrogancy; for that they went back farther from Thee, the true Light that enlightened every man that cometh into the world. Take heed what you say, and blush for shame: draw near unto Him and be enlightened, and your faces shall not be ashamed.

我的上帝，有人以意志的两面性为借口，主张我们有两个灵魂，一善一恶，同时并存。让这些人和一切信口雌黄、妖言惑众的人、一起在你面前毁灭！这些人赞成这种罪恶的学说真是败类。使他们能接受正确的见解，和坚持真理的人一心一德，自然会变恶为善。那么我们便能用使徒保罗的话对他们说：“从前你们是黑暗，如今在主里面成为光明。”[23]他们不愿“在主里面”，想在自己身内成为光明，以为灵魂的本体即是神的本体，这样便加深了他们的黑暗，他们由于这种滔天的傲慢，所以和你“照耀入世之人”[24]的真光距离更远了。你们该考虑你们所说的话，该自知惭愧，“快靠拢他，你们必将受到光照，你们便不会面红耳赤了！”[25]

Myself when I was deliberating upon serving the Lord my God now, as I had long purposed, it was I who willed, I who nilled, I, I myself. I neither willed entirely, nor nilled entirely. Therefore was I at strife with myself, and rent asunder by myself. And this rent be fell me against my will, and yet indicated, not the presence of another mind, but the punishment of my own. Therefore it was no more I that wrought it, but sin that dwelt in me; the punishment of a sin more freely committed, in that I was a son of Adam.

在我考虑是否就献身于我的主、上帝时，我本已有此计划，愿意的是我，不愿意的也是我，都是我自己。我既不是完全愿意，也不是完全不愿意。我和我自己斗争，造成了内部的分裂，这分裂的形成，我并不情愿；这并不证明另一个灵魂的存在，只说明我所受的惩罚。造成这惩罚的不是我自己，而是“盘据在我身内的罪”，[26]是为了处分我自觉自愿犯下的罪，因为我是亚当的子孙。

For if there he so many contrary natures as there be conflicting wills, there shall now be not two only, but many. If a man deliberate whether he should go to their conventicle or to the theatre, these Manichees cry out, Behold, here are two natures: one good, draws this way; another bad, draws back that way. For whence else is this hesitation between conflicting wills? But I say that both be bad: that which draws to them, as that which draws back to the theatre. But they believe not that will to be other than good, which draws to them. What then if one of us should deliberate, and amid the strife of his two wills be in a strait, whether he should go to the theatre or to our church would not these Manichees also be in a strait what to answer? For either they must confess (which they fain would not) that the will which leads to our church is good, as well as theirs, who have received and are held by the mysteries of theirs: or they must suppose two evil natures, and two evil souls conflicting in one man, and it will not be true, which they say, that there is one good and another bad; or they must be converted to the truth, and no more deny that where one deliberates, one soul fluctuates between contrary wills.

如果有多少彼此对立的意愿，便有多少对立的本性，那么一人身上不仅有两个本性，该有许多本性。一人在考虑是否去开会，[27]或是去看戏，他们便说：“那不是两个本性吗？一个向善，一个向恶。否则这种敌对意愿的迷罔从哪里来的呢？”我说，这两个意愿，一个要到他们那里去，一个要去看戏，都是坏的。但摩尼教徒认为要到他们那里去是个好主意。那么，假如我们的人也在两种意愿对立之下犹豫不决，考虑是否去看戏，还是到圣堂中去，摩尼教徒也将迟疑而难于回答了。因为他们或是承认——他们是不肯承认的——到圣堂中去，和领受了圣事的人经常到圣堂中去一样，是出于好的意志；或是承认一个人身上存在两个对立的坏的本性，两个坏的意志；那么他们所说的一善一恶，是不正确的；或是他们将归向真理，不再否认一人在考虑时，是一个灵魂在两种意愿之间摇摆不定。

Let them no more say then, when they perceive two conflicting wills in one man, that the conflict is between two contrary souls, of two contrary substances, from two contrary principles, one good, and the other bad. For Thou, O true God, dost disprove, check, and convict them; as when, both wills being bad, one deliberates whether he should kill a man by poison or by the sword; whether he should seize this or that estate of another's, when he cannot both; whether he should purchase pleasure by luxury, or keep his money by covetousness; whether he go to the circus or the theatre, if both be open on one day; or thirdly, to rob another's house, if he have the opportunity; or, fourthly, to commit adultery, if at the same time he have the means there of also; all these meeting together in the same juncture of time, and all being equally desired, which cannot at one time be acted: for they rend the mind amid four, or even (amid the vast variety of things desired) more, conflicting wills, nor do they yet allege that there are so many divers substances. So also in wills which are good.

因此，希望他们感觉一人身上有彼此对立的双重意志时，不再主张有一善一恶两个对立的灵魂，具有两种对立的本体，来自两个对立的本原。你，真实无妄的上帝，你是反对他们，驳斥他们，揭露他们：一人有两个坏主意，譬如一人考虑用毒药或用武器去杀人；强占这一家或那一家的田地；财色不能兼得时，考虑花大量金钱去享乐，还是一毛不拔做守财奴；又如两种娱乐在同一天举行，考虑去看戏还是去看赛车；还可以加上第三个主意：如有机会，到别人家中去偷东西；或是第四个主意：如果有同样的机会，去和人幽会；这些机会如果同时来到，都合他的心意，但不能同时进行，这样那人的灵魂就被四种或更多的对立意志所脔割，因为人们的欲望简直太多了！但摩尼教徒对这一大批不同的本性往往只字不提！

For I ask them, is it good to take pleasure in reading the Apostle， or good to take pleasure in a sober Psalm， or good to discourse on the Gospel? They will answer to each, "it is good." What then if all give equal pleasure, and all at once? Do not divers wills distract the mind, while he deliberates which he should rather choose? Yet are they all good, and are at variance till one be chosen, whither the one entire will may be borne, which before was divided into many.

对于好的意志也是如此。如果我问他们：“爱读使徒的书信好不好？欣赏一篇庄严的圣诗好不好？解释《福音》好不好？”他们一定说：“好。”那么，如果同时欢喜这一切，我们的心不是被不同的意志东拉西扯吗？这些意愿都好，可能彼此相持不让，直至我选择其中之一，使分歧的意志成为统一。

Thus also, when, above, eternity delights us, and the pleasure of temporal good holds us down below, it is the same soul which willeth not this or that with an entire will; and therefore is rent as under with grievous perplexities, while out of truth it sets this first, but out of habit sets not that side.

同样，永远的真福在上提携我们，而尘世的享受在下引诱我们，一个灵魂具有二者的爱好，但二者都不能占有整个意志，因此灵魂被重大的忧苦所割裂；真理使它更爱前者，而习惯又使它舍不下后者。