跟美国老师学这样教字母

美娃

英语

启蒙

亲历、记录、反思、分享

美国孩子的母语学习方式

课堂教学实录系列：

跟美国老师学这样教字母

文：芬芳

关于学字母，我曾写了不少相关文章，也曾经在毛妈平台上做过字母游戏方面的讲座。今天的美国小学课堂实录，请大家来听一听美国老师是怎样教字母S的。虽然只是一个字母的教学片段，但是却有很多内容值得我们学习。

欢迎收听：

老师：We're going to take turns. Okay? So don't be upset if you don't get a turn first.

老师和孩子都围坐在地毯上。老师拿出来一个太阳花形状的苍蝇拍（swatter）问孩子们：what is this?

学生：sunflower.

老师：oh, yeah, sunflower. But what is this thing?

学生：a bug smasher.

老师笑：or a fly-sssssssswatter. Have you heard the word swatter? （老师拿着苍蝇拍拍了一下）Swat it!

swatter这个单词，如果读过 Fly guy and fly swatter这本书的孩子，一定不会陌生。

老师：Okay. Boys and girls,does swatter say S?

学生：Yes.

老师： Let's review our S real quick. （老师拿出字母S）What letter is this?

学生：S

老师：What sound does it make?

学生：ssss

下面，老师重点教授孩子如何发音字母S的字母音，分别从声带是否振动（motor）、口型（mouth）、牙齿位置（teeth）、是否是鼻音（nose）这四个方面来和孩子逐一解释。大家可以注意，老师是怎样用简单的语言进行表述以保证孩子能听懂理解的。

老师：Let's look at and see what we use. (老师拿出一张脸型的图片，上面粘有五官）S for your motor. Is your motor turn on? （老师用手摸着喉咙处）ssss

学生：（学着老师的样子）NO

老师：No motor. Do we have a open or closed mouth? ssss

学生：open

老师：open.

学生：We use teeth.

老师：Very good. We do use our teeth. What do our teeth do?

学生：close.

老师：They close together. Sssss. Okay, let's see. Do we use, does our tongue do anything special? For this sound? Try it.

老师和学生都在发音sssss

老师：Hanna，trap your tongue in its cage. Ssss. Your tongue needs to be behind your teeth. Right now… there it is, good job. If we put our tongue out, watch me, if we put our tongue between our teeth, listen what sound comes out? θ θ θ Does that sound the same?

学生：No

老师：No，so we want to trap it in its cage. Teeth together. Ssssss. Very good. Let's check in and see if we use our nose. （老师捏着鼻子发音ssss） Can we still make that sound?

学生： Yes

以上就是老师教授字母S的字母音是如何发音的。老师使用了一张脸型图片帮助孩子从喉、口、牙、鼻四个方面来确认发音。同时，非常注重与孩子们的互动。看到有孩子把舌头放在了牙齿中间，老师立刻通过示范、对比进行了纠正。

接下来，是针对字母S的因素意识小练习。

音素意识，Phonemic Awareness ：音素又称音位，是人类语言中能够区别意义的最小声音单位。比如cat和mat就是因为音素/k/和/m/这两个不同音素而区分开的。音素意识包括音素替换、音素增加、音素减少、音素分割、音素组合、音素归类、音素分辨和音素拆分。

孩子具备音素意识，是学习自然拼读的重要前提。更多详细内容，请参看我之前的文章《一文捋顺自然拼读学习前后的路线图》《孩子学自然拼读前前前的技能准备——美国老师这样教》。

这里Miss Judy使用了蝇拍小游戏，通过该游戏，帮助孩子分辨单词的首音。

老师：So we don't use our nose. All right friends, so what we're going to play is we going to swat the s. Okay? So Miss Judy is going to put out a card. And two friends for the flyswatter. For either swat it or you won't. Okay? So you tell me, shoud I swat it or not? （老师拿出一张太阳的图片摆在地毯上）Sun.

学生：swat it!

老师：Swat it! （并用蝇拍去拍这个单词图片）

老师：okay, tell me, should I swat it or not? （老师拿出另一张图片）Stop.

学生：swat it.

老师：swat it. (用蝇拍去拍）All right. Tell me, "Goat"

学生： Don't swat it.

老师：Don't swat it.

老师：Do you think that I should swat my friend? (老师拿着蝇拍在旁边孩子身边晃了晃）

学生：No

老师：Do you think I should swat myself? （老师拿着蝇拍轻轻向自己头的方向拍）

学生： No

老师：what should I swat?

学生： the picture.

老师解释了如何使用蝇拍的规则以后，邀请孩子进行游戏。避免了孩子拿着蝇拍乱拍乱打的情况。

老师： the picture. All right. I would like Hanna to come sit right here. A little bit closer and Ben.

老师：okay, get ready. If it makes an s you're gonna swat it. Ready? "Salad".

学生：用蝇拍去拍该单词图片。

老师：nice job. Let's see, ready? "Track"

学生：don't swat it.

老师：should you swat it?

学生： no

老师：no. good job. How about …this looks so delicious "stick". Nice. Good job. Can you pick a friend and we'll let someone else have a turn.

学生把蝇拍给了其他孩子。其中一个孩子念起了choosing rhymes: eeny meeny miny moe 很像我们小时候玩的“挑兵挑将”的童谣。

关于这个小童谣，有很多版本。给大家介绍一个比较常见的版本：

Eeny, meeny, miny, moe

Catch a tiger by the toe

If he hollers let him go,

Eeny, meeny, miny, moe

My mother told me

To pick the very best one

And you are [not] it.

老师：Okay, Olive, sit over here. Sit back just a little bit. Okay, are you ready? "stars". Swat it?

学生：yeah

老师：Yeah， it makes the S sound, SSSSStar. Okay. I'm gonna reach in, don't swat my hand. Okay, listen for the sound, Olive. If it dosen't seem sssss, don't swat it. Okay? "popcorn"

学生：No

老师：Good job, girls. Okay? Ready? "Snow"

老师：swat it. snow！ Thank you. Okay? Listen again, ready? "puppy" . Should you swat it?

学生：no

老师：no， what sound does puppy make?

学生：ppppp

老师：pppp， good job. Pick a friend. All right, are you ready? Only swat it if you hear sssss. Ready? Listen, try listen. "snake".

学生：swat it.

老师：swat it. Good job. Okay, ready? "wagon"

有一个孩子用蝇拍拍了wagon

老师：should we swat "wagon"?

学生：no.