天路历程 The Pilgrim's Progress | 十二、多话（1）

十二、多话（1）

Moreover, I saw in my dream, that as they went on, Faithful, as he chanced to look on one side, saw a man whose name is Talkative, walking at a distance beside them; for in this place there was room enough for them all to walk. He was a tall man, and something more comely at a distance than at hand. To this man Faithful addressed himself in this manner:

我在梦里还看见，他们往前走的时候，忠信偶然向旁边一望，看到一个叫做多话的人在离开他们旁边不远的地方走着；因为这儿路面很阔，他们可以并排行走。他个子很高，远远的看过去比靠近看去更漂亮。忠信对这个人这样说：——

FAITH. Friend, whither away? Are you going to the heavenly country?

忠信说：朋友，你到哪儿去？你是不是上天国去？

TALK. I am going to the same place.

多话说：我是上那儿去。

FAITH. That is well; then I hope we may have your good company.

忠信说：那很好；那么我希望我们可以有你作伴。

TALK. With a very good will I be your companion.

多话说：我非常愿意跟你们作伴。

FAITH. Come on, then, and let us go together, and let us spend our time in discoursing of things that are profitable.

忠信说：那么，来吧，我们一块儿走，让我们谈些有益的事情来消磨时间。

TALK. To talk of things that are good, to me is very acceptable, with you or with any other; and I am glad that I have met with those that incline to so good a work; for, to speak the truth, there are but few that care thus to spend their time, (as they are in their travels), but choose much rather to be speaking of things to no profit; and this hath been a trouble for me.

多话说：我愿意跟你或者任何人谈论有益的事情；我碰到喜欢这种高尚消遣的人，心里非常高兴；因为，说真的，很少人在旅途上欢喜这样消磨时间，他们宁可谈些无益的事情；这使我感到烦恼。

FAITH. That is indeed a thing to be lamented; for what things so worthy of the use of the tongue and mouth of menon earth as are the things of the God of heaven?

忠信说：这的确是件可叹的事情；因为有什么事情像天上的上帝的事情这样值得世上人使用他们的舌头和嘴唇呢？

TALK. I like you wonderful well, for your sayings are full of conviction; and I will add, what thing is so pleasant, and what so profitable, as to talk of the things of God? What things so pleasant (that is, if a man hath any delight in things that are wonderful)? For instance, if a man doth delight to talk of the history or the mystery of things; or if a man doth love to talk of miracles, wonders, or signs, where shall he find things recorded so delightful, and so sweetly penned, as in the Holy Scripture?

多话说：我非常喜欢你，因为你的话具有很大的说服力；我要加上一句，有什么事情像谈论上帝的事情这样愉快、这样有益呢？有什么事情这样愉快呢？——那就是说，如果一个人对奇妙的事情感到兴趣的话。譬如说：如果一个人喜欢谈论历史或者事物的奥秘，或者喜爱谈论神迹、奇迹或预兆，他上哪儿去找像《圣经》里记载得那么有趣，写得那么美丽的事情呢？

FAITH. That is true; but to be profited by such things in our talk should be that which we design.

忠信说：这倒是真的；不过我们的主要目的是要从谈论这种事情中得到益处。

TALK. That is it that I said; for to talk of such things is most profitable; for by so doing, a man may get knowledge of many things; as of the vanity of earthly things, and the benefit of things above. Thus, in general, but more particularly by this, a man may learn the necessity of the new birth, the insufficiency of our works, the need of Christ's righteousness, etc. Besides, by this a man may learn, by talk, what it is to repent, to believe, to pray, to suffer, or the like; by this also a man may learn what are the great promises and consolations of the gospel, to his own comfort. Further, by this a man may learn to refute false opinions, to vindicate the truth, and also to instruct the ignorant.

多话说：我就是这样讲；因为谈这种事情最有益处；因为这样谈论，可以使一个人得到很多知识；譬如说，关于世上东西的空虚和天上东西的好处这种知识。一般说来是这样，尤其是通过这种谈论，一个人能认识到重生的必要，认识到我们靠行为是无济于事的以及对基督的正义的需要等等。并且这样做能使一个人认识到悔改、信仰、祈祷、忍耐或其他这类事是怎么一回事；这样做，一个人还会知道什么是福音的伟大诺言和慰藉，这会给他安慰。这样做，一个人还可以学会怎样拒绝不正确的见解，拥护真理以及教导无知的人。

FAITH. All this is true, and glad am I to hear these things from you.

忠信说：你所说的都很对；听见你说这些话，我很高兴。

TALK. Alas! the want of this is the cause why so few understand the need of faith, and the necessity of a work of grace in their soul, in order to eternal life; but ignorantly live in the works of the law, by which a man can by no means obtain the kingdom of heaven.

多话说：哎呀！就是因为缺少谈论，所以很少人懂得，为了要获得永生，需要有信心，也需要恩典在他们灵魂里作工；可是他们愚昧地生活在律法里，而那样做他们决得不到天国的。

FAITH. But, by your leave, heavenly knowledge of these is the gift of God; no man attaineth to them by human industry, or only by the talk of them.

忠信说：但是，对不起，这种至上的知识是上帝的恩赐；谁也不能靠自己的勤劳或者光靠谈论它们就可以得到这种知识。

TALK. All this I know very well; for a man can receive nothing, except it be given him from Heaven; all is of grace, not of works. I could give you a hundred scriptures for the confirmation of this.

多话说：这我全知道；因为除非上天赐给他，一个人什么也不会有；一切都是靠恩典，而不是靠行为得来的。为了证明这一点，我能举出一百句《圣经》里的话。

FAITH. Well, then, said Faithful, what is that one thing that we shall at this time found our discourse upon?

忠信说：那么，我们现在要谈的是什么呢？

TALK. What you will. I will talk of things heavenly, or things earthly; things moral, or things evangelical; things sacred, or things profane; things past, or things to come; things foreign, or things at home; things more essential, or things circumstantial; provided that all be done to our profit.

多话说：随你说吧；只要对我们有好处，无论是天上的事情，地上的事情，有关道德的事情，或者有关福音的事情，神圣的事情，或者亵渎的事情，过去的事情，或者将来的事情，外面的事情，或者家里的事情，比较重要的事情，或者偶然的事情，我都愿意谈。

FAITH. Now did Faithful begin to wonder; and stepping to Christian, (for he walked all this while by himself), he said to him, (but softly), What a brave companion have we got! Surely this man will make a very excellent pilgrim.

这会儿忠信开始觉得惊奇。他向基督徒走去（因为在这一段时间里基督徒一直是单独走着），轻轻地对他说：我们有个多么勇敢的伴侣！这个人一定会成为一个非常出色的天路旅客。

CHR. At this Christian modestly smiled, and said, This man, with whom you are so taken, will beguile, with that tongue of his, twenty of them that know him not.

基督徒听了，谦虚地笑笑，说：你如此喜欢的这个人会用他的舌头去欺骗所有对他的为人不了解的人。

FAITH. Do you know him, then?

忠信问：那么你了解他吗？

CHR. Know him! Yes, better than he knows himself.

基督徒说：了解他？当然了解，比他了解他自己还清楚。

FAITH. Pray, what is he?

忠信说：请告诉我，他是什么人？

CHR. His name is Talkative; he dwelleth in our town. I wonder that you should be a stranger to him, only I consider that our town is large.

基督徒说：他叫做多话，住在我们的城里。我觉得奇怪，你怎么会不认识他；不过我想我们的城相当大。

FAITH. Whose son is he? And whereabout does he dwell?

忠信说：他是谁的儿子？他住在哪儿？

CHR. He is the son of one Say-well; he dwelt in Prating Row; and is known of all that are acquainted with him, by the name of Talkative in Prating Row; and notwithstanding his fine tongue, he is but a sorry fellow.

基督徒说：他是好口才的儿子，住在闲扯街；所有认识他的人都知道他是闲扯街的多话；尽管他口才好，他只是个无聊的人。

FAITH. Well, he seems to be a very pretty man.

忠信说：啊，他看上去很像样。

CHR. That is, to them who have not thorough acquaintance with him; for he is best abroad; near home, he is ugly enough. Your saying that he is a pretty man, brings to my mind what I have observed in the work of the painter, whose pictures show best at a distance, but, very near, more unpleasing.

基督徒说：对他不熟悉的人，会觉得他很像样的，因为他在外面表现得好到了极点；在家乡一带可表现得够丑恶了。你说他很像样，这使我想起我在画家的画上所看到的情况，它们远看非常好，走近一看却不那么好看。

FAITH. But I am ready to think you do but jest, because you smiled.

忠信说：不过我想你一定在说笑话，因为你在笑呢。

CHR. God forbid that I should jest (although I smiled) in this matter, or that I should accuse any falsely! I will give you a further discovery of him. This man is for any company, and for any talk; as he talketh now with you, so will he talk when he is on the ale-bench; and the more drink he hath in his crown, the more of these things he hath in his mouth; religion hath no place in his heart, or house, or conversation; all he hath lieth in his tongue, and his religion is, to make a noise there with.

基督徒说：虽然我笑了，可是在这件事上我决不打诮，我也决不随便指责人。我再告诉你一点关于这个人的事。他跟谁都合得来，什么话都讲得出；他现在跟你这样谈，他在酒店里也照样会这样谈；酒喝得越多，话也越多。在他的内心、在他的家庭里、他的话语里都没有宗教；他的一切都在舌头上，他的宗教只停留在他利用舌头发出的声音中。

FAITH. Say you so! then am I in this man greatly deceived.

忠信说：真的吗？那我可上了这个人的大当了。

CHR. Deceived! you may be sure of it; remember the proverb, "They say and do not." But the kingdom of God is not in word, but in Power. He talketh of prayer, of repentance, of faith, and of the new birth; but he knows but only to talk of them. I have been in his family, and have observed him both at home and abroad; and I know what I say of him is the truth. His house is as empty of religion as the white of an egg is of savour. There is there neither prayer nor sign of repentance for sin; yea, the brute in his kind serves God far better than he. He is the very stain, reproach, and shame of religion, to all that know him; it can hardly have a good word in all that end of the town where he dwells, through him. Thus say the common people that know him, a saint abroad, and a devil at home. His poor family finds it so; he is such a churl, such a railer at and so unreasonable with his servants, that they neither know how to do for or speak to him. Men that have any dealings with him say it is better to deal with a Turk than with him; for fairer dealing they shall have at their hands. This Talkative (if it be possible) will go beyond them, defraud, beguile, and overreach them. Besides, he brings up his sons to follow his steps; and if he findeth in any of them a foolish timorousness, (for so he calls the first appearance of a tender conscience,) he calls them fools and blockheads, and by no means will employ them in much, or speak to their commendations before others. For my part, I am of opinion, that he has, by his wicked life, caused many to stumble and fall; and will be, if God prevent not, the ruin of many more.

基督徒说：上当！当然上了当啦。记住那句俗语，“他们能说不能行（1）；”可是上帝的国不在乎言语，而在乎权能（2）。他谈到祈祷、忏悔、信心和重生，可是他只知道说说罢了。我到过他的家，看到他在家里和在外面的情况，我知道我所说关于他的事情是实话。他家里没有宗教，就如同蛋白没有味道一样。那儿没有祈祷，也没有悔罪的迹象；是的，在某种程度上，野兽比他更能为上帝服务。所有知道他的人都认为他是宗教界的奇耻大辱（3）；由于他是这样一个人，在他住的城市的那一头对宗教简直就没有一句好话。一般知道他的人都这样说：“在外是一个圣人，在家是一个魔鬼。”他那可怜的家人也这样觉得；他的脾气是那么坏，那样爱骂他的仆人，对待他们那样不讲理，他们不知道该为他做些什么、该对他说些什么话了。跟他有过接触的人说，宁可跟土耳其人来往，可不愿意跟他打交道，因为在土耳其人手里还可以做到公平一点的交易。这一个多话（要是办得到的话）还会压倒他们、诱惑他们、欺骗他们、占他们的便宜。他还把他的儿子们教养得跟他一样；如果他发现哪一个儿子现出愚蠢的羞怯，他就管他们叫笨蛋和傻瓜，并且决不让他们做什么事，也不在别人面前称赞他们。至于我，我认为由于他那不道德的生活，他使很多人堕落；如果上帝不防止的话，他还会使更多的人沉沦。

FAITH. Well, my brother, I am bound to believe you; not only because you say you know him, but also because, like a Christian, you make your reports of men. For I cannot think that you speak these things of ill-will, but because it is even so as you say.

忠信说：啊，我的兄弟，我一定相信你，不但因为你说你知道他的底细，还因为了你像个基督徒，对人有调查研究。我不能相信你讲这些事是出于恶意，因为事实的确像你所说的那样。

CHR. Had I known him no more than you, I might perhaps have thought of him, as, at the first, you did; yea, had he received this report at their hands only that are enemies to religion, I should have thought it had been a slander,--a lot that often falls from bad men's mouths upon good men's names and professions; but all these things, yea, and a great many more as bad, of my own knowledge, I can prove him guilty of. Besides, good men are ashamed of him; they can neither call him brother, nor friend; the very naming of him among them makes them blush, if they know him.

基督徒说：要是我对他了解得不比你清楚，或许我对他也可能有像你起初那样的看法；不仅如此，如果我只从反对宗教的那些人那儿听到关于他的事情，我会认为那是诽谤——那是坏人常常加在好人的名字和职业上的定论。但是根据我所知道的，我能证明所有这些事情都是实在的，并且他还有更多同样恶劣的事情呢。而且，好人为他感到羞耻——他们不能以弟兄称呼他，也不能称他为朋友；要是他们知道他为人是怎么样的话，在他们中间只要提起他的名字，他们就会不由地脸红起来。

FAITH. Well, I see that saying and doing are two things, and here after I shall better observe this distinction.

忠信说：啊，我明白了，说话跟行动是两回事，今后我要更加注意这个区别。

CHR. They are two things, indeed, and are as diverse as are the soul and the body; for as the body without the soul is but a dead carcass, so saying, if it be alone, is but a dead carcass also. The soul of religion is the practical part: "Pure religion and undefiled, before God and the Father, is this, To visit the fatherless and widows in their affliction, and to keep himself unspotted from the world." This Talkative is not aware of; he thinks that hearing and saying will make a good Christian, and thus he deceiveth his own soul. Hearing is but as the sowing of the seed; talking is not sufficient to prove that fruit is indeed in the heart and life; and let us assure ourselves, that at the day of doom men shall be judged according to their fruits. It will not be said then, Did you believe? but, Were you doers, or talkers only? and accordingly shall they be judged. The end of the world is compared to our harvest; and you know men at harvest regard nothing but fruit. Not that anything can be accepted that is not of faith, but I speak this to show you how insignificant the profession of Talkative will be at that day.

基督徒说：它们的确是两回事，就像灵魂跟肉体那样不相同；因为正如肉体没有灵魂只是个空壳一样，光在嘴上说说的话语也是个空壳。宗教的精神注重于实行：“在上帝我们的父面前，那清洁没有玷污的虔诚，就是看顾在患难中的孤儿寡妇，并且保守自己不沾染世俗（4）。”这个多话不明白这一点；他以为光凭听和讲就可以做个好基督徒；他也就这样欺骗了自己的灵魂。听只是像播种子；讲不足以证明一个人在心里和生命里已经结了果子。我们可以放心，在最后的审判那天，每个人是根据他所结的果实受审判的（5）。那时侯，不会问你，你过去相信不相信？而要问的是，你有没有付诸行动，或者光是讲讲罢了？人们是根据这个情况受审的。世界末日好比我们的收割庄稼；你知道在收割的时候，人们只关心果实。这并不是说不从信心来的也能被接受，我这样讲是为了要让你知道，多话所讲的话到那一天会显得多么没有价值。

FAITH. This brings to my mind that of Moses, by which he describeth the beast that is clean. He is such a one that parteth the hoof and cheweth the cud; not that parteth the hoof only, or that cheweth the cud only. The hare cheweth the cud, but yet is unclean, because he parteth not the hoof. And this truly resembleth Talkative; he cheweth the cud, he seeketh knowledge, he cheweth upon the word; but he divideth not the hoof, he parteth not with the way of sinners; but, as the hare, he retaineth the foot of a dog or bear, and therefore he is unclean.

忠信说：这使我想起摩西曾经讲过的，怎样的野兽才算洁净（6）。凡是蹄分两半、倒嚼的才洁净；光是分蹄，或光是倒嚼的都不洁净。兔子倒嚼，可是不洁净，因为它不分蹄。这真像多话，他倒嚼，他追求知识；他嚼话语，可是他不分蹄。他不离开罪人的道路；他像兔子，保持着像狗或熊一样的脚，因此不洁净。

CHR. You have spoken, for aught I know, the true gospel sense of those texts. And I will add another thing: Paul calleth some men, yea, and those great talkers, too, sounding brass and tinkling cymbals; that is, as he expounds them in another place, things without life, giving sound. Things without life, that is, without the true faith and grace of the gospel; and consequently, things that shall never be placed in the kingdom of heaven among those that are the children of life; though their sound, by their talk, be as if it were the tongue or voice of an angel.

基督徒说：就我所知，你讲出了《圣经》里这些句子的真正意义；我要补充一点：保罗把某些人，把那些很会说话的人叫做“鸣的锣和响的钹（7）”；他在另一个地方把他们叫做有声无气的物（8）。没有生命的东西，也就是说，没有出自真理的真正信心和恩典的东西；因此就决不能跟有生命的一起放在天国里；尽管他们讲话的时候，他们的声音就和天使的说话的声音一样。

FAITH. Well, I was not so fond of his company at first, but I am as sick of it now. What shall we do to be rid of him?

忠信说：啊，我一开头就不怎么喜欢跟他作伴，现在可讨厌极了。我们有什么办法把他打发走？

CHR. Take my advice, and do as I bid you, and you shall find that he will soon be sick of your company too, except God shall touch his heart, and turn it.

基督徒说：听我的忠告，照我的话去做，你会发现他不久也会讨厌你的，除非上帝感动他的心，使他改变。

FAITH. What would you have me to do?

忠信说：你要我怎么做？

CHR. Why, go to him, and enter into some serious discourse about the power of religion; and ask him plainly (when he has approved of it, for that he will) whether this thing be set up in his heart, house, or conversation.

基督徒说：到他那儿去，跟他认真的谈一谈关于宗教的力量；直截了当地问他（等他同意了之后，因为他一定会同意的），在他的内心里、家庭里或者行为中有没有它。

1《新约全书·马太福音》第23章第3节：凡他们所吩咐你们的，你们都要谨守遵行；但不要效法他们的行为，因为他们能说不能行。

2《新约全书·哥林多前书》第4章第20节：因为神的国不在乎言语，乃在乎权能。

3《新约全书·罗马书》第2章第24、25节：神的名在外邦人中，因你们受了亵渎，正如经上所记的。你若是行律法的，割礼固然于你有益；若是犯律法的，你的割礼就算不得割礼。

4《新约全书·雅各书》第1章第27节。

《新约全书·雅各书》第1章第23至26节：因为听道而不行道的，就像人对着镜子看自己本来的面目，看见，走后，随即忘了他的相貌如何。惟有详细察看那全备、使人自由之律法的，并且时常如此，这人既不是听了就忘，乃是实在行出来，就在他所行的事上必然得福。若有人自以为虔诚，却不勒住他的舌头，反欺哄自己的心，这人的虔诚是虚的。

5《新约全书·马太福音》第13、25章。

6《旧约全书·利未记》第11章

《旧约全书·申命记》第14章

7《新约全书·哥林多前书》第13章第1至3节：我若能说万人的方言，并天使的话语，却没有爱，我就成了鸣的锣，响的钹一般。我若有先知讲道之能，也明白各样的奥秘，各样的知识，而且有全备的信，叫我能够移山，却没有爱，我就算不得什么。我若将所有的周济穷人，又舍己身叫人焚烧，却没有爱，仍然与我无益。

8《新约全书·哥林多前书》第14章第7节：就是那有声无气的物，或箫，或琴，若发出来的声音没有分别，怎能知道所吹所弹的是什么呢？