7月24号的《经济学人》中有篇文章讲到了河南洪水,全文只有一段话。虽然这个话题我们在上期推文中讲过,但这篇文章还有不少值得学习的地方,很适合和其他媒体放到一起对比阅读,今天我们一起来看一下。
本期推文的主要内容有:
  1. “某个时期的降雨量相当于...”有哪些不同的表达方式?
  2. “降雨量达...”有哪些花式表达?
  3. “水没过了XX”用英语可以怎么说?
  4. 如何表示“致XX人死亡、YY人受伤”?

我们先看《经济学人》的原文:
In three days, beginning on July 18th, an entire year’s-worth of rain fell on the central city of Zhengzhou in Henan province. One hour alone saw about 20cm of it. Streets were turned into raging torrents that swept up cars and gushed into the underground railway system, filling trains. Videos posted online showed passengers more than chest deep in water. Hundreds of them were eventually rescued, but 12 were among more than 30 who were killed by the floods.

接下来进行平行阅读:

(一)某个时期的降雨量相当于...

先看《经济学人》怎么说的:
In three days, beginning on July 18th, an entire year’s-worth of rain fell on the central city of Zhengzhou in Henan province.
从7月18日开始的三天时间里,河南省中部城市郑州下了一整年的雨量。
表示“三天降雨量相当于一年”,《经济学人》说的是:In three days, an entire year’s-worth of rain fell on XX. 三天里,一整年的降水落到了XX城市。
a year's-worth of rain 表达“一年的降雨”的意思。
我们汉语中说“城市下了 XX 的雨”,而英语中可以说“XX 的雨落到了某个城市”,这里的思维转化要注意一下。

BBC 的说法比较直接:
The amount of rain over the last three days in Zhengzhou is reported to be the same as what it would usually receive in an entire year.
据报道,郑州过去三天的降雨量和一整年的降雨量相同。
BBC 用 be the same as 进行比较,然后前后分别跟了“降雨量”的两种表达:
1)the amount of rain+时间状语
2)what a place would usually receive+时间状语

《卫报》在报道河南洪水时,也提到了新疆的暴雨:
The rainfall this month is equivalent to the combined rainfall of the past two years.
这个月的降雨相当于过去两年降雨量的总和。
这里用 be equivalent to 进行比较。
只不过一句话出现了两个 rainfall,略有重复,我们可以替换一下:
The rainfall this month is equivalent to what the city received over the past two years.

再看香港《南华早报》的报道:
The city recorded a year’s worth of rain in just days, with a record 201.9mm falling in an hour.
郑州在短短几天内就下了一年降雨量,一小时降雨达到创纪录的201.9毫米。
record 在这里表示“录得、记载”,recorded a year’s worth of rain in just days 字面意思是:几天内就录得一年的降雨量,也可以说得灵活一点:几天内就下了一年的雨。

(二)降雨量达...

看《经济学人》里的句子:
One hour alone saw about 20cm of it.
仅在一个小时,降雨量就达到了 20 厘米。
see 是“看”的意思,One hour alone saw about 20cm of it 仅一个小时就看到了 20 厘米的降雨,即,仅一小时降雨量就达到了 20 厘米。

BBC 也用到了相同的表达:
Zhengzhou saw 624mm of rainfall on Tuesday, with a third of that amount falling between 16:00 and 17:00 alone, which "smashed historical records".
郑州周二的降雨量达到624毫米,其中三分之一集中在16:00到17:00之间,这“打破了历史记录”。
不同的是,《经济学人》是「时间+see+降雨量」,BBC 是「地点+see+降雨量」。
关于 see 的更多用法,推荐阅读《如何用小词写出漂亮优美的句子?(1)》

The Week 用的则是 receive:
The city of Zhengzhou received 21.75 inches of rainfall in a 24-hour period that ended Tuesday.
截至周二,郑州市在24小时内的降雨量达到21.75英寸。
用法为:城市+receive+降雨量和 see 相比,receive 缺少些生动感。

再看 The Washington Post(《华盛顿邮报》)的报道:
A staggering 7.95 inches (201.9 millimeters) of rain came down between 4 and 5 p.m. Tuesday.
在周二的下午4-5点,降雨量达到了惊人的7.95英寸(201.9毫米)。
用法为:降雨量+came down+时间/地点
A staggering 7.95: 如果数字前加形容词修饰,还需再加一个冠词 a/an,把数字看成一个整体。

接下来看《南华早报》的报道:
On Tuesday, maximum precipitation reached 201.9mm (7.9 inches) per hour in Zhengzhou, breaking the previous record of 198.5mm in 1975.
周二,郑州最大降水量达到了每小时201.9毫米(7.9英寸),打破了1975年198.5毫米的纪录。
precipitation [prɪˌsɪpɪˈteɪʃn] 是一个术语,指“降水、降水量”(包括雨、雪、冰等),the precipitation reached XX 是一个很直观的说法,表示“降雨量达到 XX”。

(三)描述水深:水没过了胸部

先看《经济学人》的报道:
Videos posted online showed passengers more than chest deep in water.
网上发布的视频显示,积水没过了乘客胸部。
这句话是“Videos showed+名词”的结构。
posted online 是分词形式的后置定语,修饰videos。
showed的宾语是passengers,passengers后面又跟了一个定语结构more than chest deep in water,进行修饰。
XX-deep”是个固定搭配,表示“XX深的、齐XX的”,比如,《纽约时报》层报道了一起飞行事故,文中是这么描述的:
The cabin smelled of fuel and smoke, some of the overhead bins had broken open and oxygen masks shaken loose, and quickly the water was chest deep.
机舱里弥漫着燃料和烟雾的味道,头顶的一些行李架被撞开了,氧气面罩松动了,海水很快就齐胸深。
还有 waist-deep 齐腰深的:
We waded waist-deep into the muddy water.
我们蹚进齐腰深的泥水里。
neck-deep 没过了脖子的,可比喻“忙于某事”,非常形象、有画面感,比如考试周我们奋不顾身的打开书预习:
We were neck-deep in  textbook before the exams.
考试前,我们一头扎到教材里。
是不是比 try hard to do 更加形象?

《卫报》的用法类似:
The rainfall shut the city's subway system, leaving passengers trapped in waist-high water.
暴雨关闭了地铁系统,致使乘客被困在齐腰深的积水中。
表示“水没过了XX”,《卫报》用的是trapped in XX-high water,其中“XX-high”与《经济学人》的“XX-deep”类似,可以放在一起记忆。

我们看《纽约时报》是怎么报道的:
A video posted by The Paper, a state news organization, showed people stranded in a subway car with water up to their chests.
官方新闻机构《澎湃新闻》发布的一段视频显示,人们被困在地铁车厢里,水淹到他们的胸部。
这句话也是“A videos showed+名词”的结构,其中名词为 people,后面stranded in a subway car是分词形式的后置定语,修饰people。
strand可以理解成trap,后者我们在上一期推文中讲过。
在表示“水没过了XX”时,《纽约时报》用了with结构表示伴随:with water up to... 水达到...(某个位置),这个表达相对好理解一些。

在表示“水没过了XX”时,BBC也用了with结构,但略有不同:
In Zhengzhou, unverified video footage showed passengers in a flooded subway train with water reaching their shoulders.
一段未经证实的视频显示,在郑州一辆被水淹没的地铁列车上,水已经没过了乘客肩膀。
BBC 用的是 with water reaching...,对比《纽约时报》的 with water up to...,一个是 up to,一个是 reaching,殊途同归。

(四)死亡人数达...

“导致XX人死亡,YY人受伤”是事故类新闻材料中一定会出现的表达, 主要有三种表达方式:
  1. killed XX people and injured YY.
  2. lead to / cause XX deaths and YY injuries
  3. leave XX dead, and YY injured.
我直接帮大家从新闻里提炼出来了,大家记住就好。

敲黑板
(一)降雨量达...
时间 saw+降雨量
地点 saw+降雨量
地点 received+降雨量
降雨量 came down / fall + 时间/地点状语
the precipitation reached 数字
(二)某个时期的降雨量相当于...
be the same as...
be equivalent to...
XX’s-worth of rain fell on the city in YY
The city recorded XX’s-worth of rain in YY
(三)雨水没过...
be XX-deep in water
be trapped in XX-high water
with water reaching / up to XX.
(四)导致XX人死亡,YY人受伤
killed XX people and injured YY.
lead to / cause XX deaths and YY injuries
leave XX dead, and YY injured.

我在本科的时候,就经常用这种方法来阅读、积累。每发生一个大事件,我会搜集不同媒体关于这件事的报道,一来形成一个全面、多维的话题体系,二来集中积累与该话题相关的语言表达。坚持一年半载后,各个场景都能熟练运用英语了。
今天就分享到这里,欢迎大家在留言区分享你最近学到的表达或句型,点赞最多的五位同学可获得 6.6 元红包奖励~
感谢阅读!
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