最好用的入门“教材”和入门“方法”来教孩子走进英语自主阅读

实用高效的美式英语教学方法

原汁原味的美式英语小学课堂

最好用的入门“教材”和“方法”

来教孩子学习自主阅读

文：芬芳

关于给孩子英语启蒙时，从什么“教材”入手能让孩子认识单词，从亲子阅读走向自主阅读，是很多爸妈们都很关心的问题。

对于有英语启蒙基础的孩子们来说，认读单词最有效的入门“教材”是：

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1、孩子能背诵的儿歌童谣（包括鹅妈妈童谣、手指谣、Weesing童谣等等）

2、孩子非常熟悉的听妈妈读过多遍的重复性语句构成的绘本

在这里强调的是两点，首先强调的是“孩子熟悉”，其次才是“儿歌童谣和重复性语句构成的绘本。”

为什么要强调“孩子熟悉”？

因为让孩子认读单词进行自主阅读，最重要的入门工作，就是让孩子能把口中所说的语音与纸上呈现的文字一一对应起来。

所以，孩子熟悉甚至是能脱口而出背出来的儿歌童谣和简单绘本，对于孩子来说，他只需要做的工作是“一一对应”，把注意力从口中所说的变成眼睛所看，手指头所指着的书面文字。

这里就有如何帮助孩子指读的问题？入门阶段三四岁的孩子，在指读时不是快了，就是慢了，怎么样解决这个问题呢？请参考我之前的推文：《从亲子阅读到自主阅读，一定要请手指头帮忙》

为什么选用“儿歌童谣和重复性语句构成的绘本”？

儿歌童谣是孩子英语启蒙初期都会使用的素材，孩子从小通过磨耳朵听到大量的儿歌童谣，还会有不少孩子特别喜欢能跟着音频就唱出来说出来的儿歌童谣，这些都是孩子的挚爱“老朋友”啊。

当把孩子已经能熟练背诵出来的儿歌童谣的文字歌词打印出来后，妈妈和孩子进行指读，孩子会因为熟悉而非常喜悦，同时产生“我能做到”的巨大自信。

重复性语句构成的绘本，比如Brown bear, brown bear, what do you see; Have you seen my cat？ Where is the green sheep? I went walking等

这些绘本的共同特点是：语句重复，孩子听妈妈读过几遍后，很快就能跟读下来，很容易把握住绘本中反复出现的语句。

使用这样的绘本，能减轻孩子的负担，让孩子更轻松地注意到书中的文字，把口中的语句与书中的语句一一对应。

入手的方法

下面接着说“方法”，教孩子起步迈入自主阅读时，在孩子有了字母知识的基础下（即孩子已经掌握了字母的字母名和字母音），可以使用以下方式来帮助孩子认读单词：

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1、用小手

2、用便利贴

3、用长纸条

具体可参考我之前的推文：《从亲子阅读到自主阅读2——试试这些小东西》

课堂实录

本期课堂实录是美国老师Ms Courtney利用I went walking 这本绘本和便利贴盖住其中某些单词，来帮助孩子们进行自主阅读的训练。

这是Ms Courtney第二次给全班同学读这本绘本，我在之前的课堂实录中曾经给大家介绍过这位老师第一次给全班读这本绘本的情况。（点此查看）

欢迎收听：

老师：Good morning, boys and girls.

学生：Good morning Ms Courtney.

老师： For today, we're gonna get our shared reading voices ready again so we can say it in a smooth way and we're going to reread our nursery rhymes that we've been working on. Are you ready?

学生：Yes！

老师：Let's watch the pointer. Ready? Go!

在这里，老师使用的就是孩子们早已会背诵的儿歌童谣，来让孩子将语音与文字一一对应。

老师：Wow， your voices are ready now?

学生：Yes.

老师： And bring it like a storyteller. And today is our second day reading our shared reading book "I went walking".

Do you know Sophia yesterday? She said something that her brain she was really thinking about when we were reading. You remember too. She said this book reminds her of brown bear brown bear what do you see. How many of you think that? It remind you… because it has a pattern, right? And it repeats. And this pattern, you know, and different colors.

You know what? When you reading books by yourself in readers workshop if you think hey this book sounds like another book that can help you remember how the story goes.

And we know this is a story because it has characters. Can you say hi to the little boy？

学生：hi, little boy.

老师：say hi duck.

学生：hi, duck.

老师：Right? And we know there's more animals and the author who wrote the story is Sue Williams. Can you say her name?

学生：Sue Williams.

老师：say author.

学生：Author.

老师：and the illustrator who drew all the pictures it's Julie Vivas. Can you say Julie Vivas?

学生：Julie Vivas.

老师：Good. Say illustrator.

学生： Illustrator。

老师：Goood. She drew the pictures.

在这里，老师再次强调了作者(Author)和插画师(Illustrator)。

And today for our second day together, we're going to really work on and focus on tricky words. Those words are like ah, what is that thing? We're gonna to use our brain to figure it out together. Are you guys ready?

学生：Yeah.

老师：Okay. Sit up straight and top. We're gonna do a lot of brain work. Ready?

I went walking. Okay, here we go. I went walking. What did you see?

学生：a cat. A cat.

老师翻页后，展示出书页中 I saw a ____ cat. （老师用便笺贴住了原文中black一词。）

老师：emmm, I covered the word there. Because I want you do some thinking. Okay? Hold on guys. I know. Who think they know this word could be?

学生：Black.

老师：How do you know the word is black?

学生：Black cat.

老师：What do you see in the picture?

学生：A black cat.

老师：How many do you see a black cat in the picture? You guys are using the pictures to help. Okay, if it's black, what letter does it start with? Who can raise hand and tell me?

学生：B /b/

老师：（用教鞭指着字母B）If it's /b/ going start with the letter b. okay, let's see if you're right. You ready? Here we go. Okay. I'm gonna uncover the first letter. （老师小心翼翼揭开第一个字母）what's the first letter?

学生：B

老师： you guys are right so far. Ready? Say black.

学生：Black.

老师：What do you hear at the end?

学生：ck

老师：Wow, you guys know it's ck?

学生：Yes

老师：Okay, let's see if you're right. Bl-a-ck. wow，you guys are right. I don't even know that's a ck. Tap yourself on the back say good job me.

学生：good job me.

老师：The cat is black in the picture right? So the picture going to help us. Okay, you guys are ready?

（齐声）I went walking. What did you see?

学生： a horse.

老师：Okay, we remember from yesterday. Right? So let's see.

（齐声）I saw a brown _____

Ahh, okay, Quiten. How do you know that this word is going to be horse？ What did you look at?

学生：I looked at the picture.

老师： And what do you see in the picture?

学生：A horse.

老师： okay. That's a good good good strategy to use. And if it's a horse what letter does it start with?

学生：H

老师：everyone, say /h/h/h/ horse

学生： /h/h/h/ horse

老师：Could this be a ponny?

学生：No

老师：What letter does ponny start with?

学生：P

老师：so the "Ponny" is gonna start with /p/p/ P（老师用教鞭指着字母P）and the beginning letter we're gonna see if it starts with an H right? Okay, ready? Let's see the beginning letter. What you guys see?

学生：H

老师：Okay ready? Let's see if it's horse. （老师把便笺贴撕下来）

学生：Horse.

老师：ahh, you guys are right. Okay, ready? Can you help me read it? Go.

（齐声）I saw a brown horse looking at me.

Nice work. Okay. Let's go again the next page. Ready? Begin.

（齐声）I went walking. What did you see?

学生：I know.

老师：Okay， everyone hold on. Let's see. Ready? Help me read. Go.

（齐声）I saw a red ________

Emm, what we think this is?

学生：a cow.

老师： How did you know it's a cow? What did you look at?

学生：The page.

老师：You look at the page and the picture shows what?

学生：A cow.

老师：If it's a cow, what lettter does it start with? /k/k/k/…

学生：C

老师：Okay， we're gonna look right here at the camel（字母C卡片上有个单词Camel的图片） and we're gonna see if it's gonna be a C. Could this be like a bull?

学生：No

老师：What letter does bull start with?

学生：/b/b/b BBB

老师：A B right? If it's a bull, it gonna start with letter b. If it's a cow, let's see, letter c. you guys are ready?

学生：yeah

老师：Here we go. What letter? What letter do you see in the beginning? A C. ahh, you guys are right. Ready? Let's read it, here we go.

（齐声）I saw a red cow looking at me.

I love the way you're looking at the picture and you're looking at the beginning letter. （老师以表扬的方式再次强调了两条策略：looking at the picuture和looking at the beginning letter.）

Okay, here we go.

（齐声）I went walking. What did you see?

Ohh, I like that you're thinking already. You're using the picture to help you.

（齐声）I saw a _____ duck looking at me.

Let's see my friend, Fernado. What do you thinks that the word is there?

学生：Duck

老师：So you think right here is duck?

学生：Because the piture right here is a duck.

老师：The piture is duck. What color?

学生：That's green.

老师：Oh, the picture is going you help you and you agree. What letter does green start with?

学生：G

老师： So if it's green we're gonna see the letter in the beginning is going to be a what?

学生：G

老师：But I see some blue in here. Do you think it could be blue?

学生：No

老师： What letter does blue start with?

学生：b

老师：B， /b/b/ so we're gonna look at the beginning letter. Let's see. Ready?

I saw a ….

What you guys see? What letter do you see in the beginning?

学生：G

老师：Okay， let's see.

学生：Green

老师：Nice. I saw a green duck looking at me. I like that when you use the picture to help you the beginning letter to help you. You're doing such a great work. Ready? Let's go again.

（齐声）I went walking. What did you see?

Ohh, okay , ready, there's no covered word here. Let's read it together. Go.

（齐声）I saw a pink pig looking at me.

I love your storytelling voices.

Ready? Go.

（齐声）I went walking. What did you see?

学生：A dog. A yellow dog.

老师：Let's see. You ready?

（齐声）I saw a _____ dog.

Oscar, what color do you think?

学生：Yellow.

老师：Oscar, how did you know it's yellow? What did you look at？

学生：The dog

老师：The dog in the picture. So the picture is going to help you. Okay. If it's yellow, what beginning letter does yellow starts with?

学生：y

老师：Y /j/j/j/ oh, my goodness. Can it be a gold dog? What letter does gold start with?

学生：G

老师：g /g/g/g it's not the letter we're looking for. We are looking for y.

Here we go. What letter?

学生：Y

老师：Yes， you're right. The beginning letter Y-ellow.

nice, here we go. Ready? Begin. I saw a yellow dog looking at me.

Wow, when you get a trick word, I love how you are using the pictures.

Here we go.

（齐声）I went walking, what did you see?

Oh, are you ready?

（齐声）I saw a lot of_______.

学生：animals.

老师：How did you know there were animals? What did you look at?

学生：the pictures.

老师：the pictures. And these are all called …

学生：Animals.

老师：And everyone say animals.

学生：Animals.

老师：And what letter does it star with? /æ/æ/ so we're gonna see a A.

ready? Let's see if you're right. What letter is that?

学生：A

老师：here we go. A-nimals. Good job. Can you help me read it? Go.

（齐声）I saw a lot of animals following me. They are following him and look.

I want you to think before you go with your partner, and XX can you think really quick? What do you do when you come to a tricky words and you don't know it? What can you look at? Wait. Think. Think. When you ready give me thumb up. And turn to your partner and ask your partner when you come to a tricky words what do you do?

学生之间讨论。

老师：123 eyes on me.

学生：123 eyes on you.

老师：Do you know XX what she said? She said when you come to a tricky words , you can look at the picture. How many of you said that too? And how many of you said when you come to a tricky words you look at the beginning letters? Oh, my gosh, you guys are so smart. Can you tap yourself on the back say "good thinking work."

END

如果你喜欢这样原汁原味的关于美国小学课堂实录的文章，请帮忙转发分享出去，给芬芳更大的动力。谢谢大家。