应同学的要求，今天讲讲邯郸三名初中生杀人埋尸一事，这篇文章来自《卫报》。
今天的内容有：
1. 外刊精读
2. “青少年犯罪”写作素材补充
01
原文
Death of 13-year-old boy has put spotlight on juvenile crime and the plight of children left behind by rural migrant workers.
The killing of a 13-year-old boy in northern China last week, for which three boys are in police custody, has triggered a heated discussion in the media on juvenile crime and the plight of children left at home by migrant workers.
Police arrested three boys and took them into custody after they allegedly bullied and killed the junior high school student in the small city of Handan, in Hebei province, on 10 March, and then buried him in a shallow pit, state media reported. So far, no charges have been laid.
02
精读
1
Death of 13-year-old boy has put spotlight on juvenile crime and the plight of children left behind by rural migrant workers.
13岁男孩的死亡事件引发了人们对未成年犯罪和农民工留守儿童困境的关注。
spotlight 指“聚光灯”，put spotlight on 就是将聚光灯对准某个特定的事物或主题，使其在公众注意下更加明显，所以它的意思是“引起媒体和公众的注意”，可以用 highlight、draw attention to 替换。这几个短语都可以用来描述某个热点事件引发关注、讨论。
我们以“明星高薪是否公平”为话题，写一个句子：
The tax evasion and other scandals involving stars put the spotlight on the issue of celebrities' excessively high salaries.
明星逃税及其它丑闻，让公众关注到明星薪水过高的问题。
再看一个《副总统》里的例句：
juvenile 意思是“青少年的”，常见的搭配有：juvenile crime 青少年犯罪、juvenile delinquency 青少年犯罪行为、juvenile delinquent 少年犯、juvenile detention center 少年拘留中心、juvenile employment 雇用童工。
plight 意思是“困境、苦境”，可以替换 predicament、dilemma、difficulty、hardship 等词。后面 left behind by rural migrant workers 是过去分词形式的后置定语，修饰 children，意为“农民工留守儿童”。
再看一个《生活大爆炸》里的例句：
2
The killing of a 13-year-old boy in northern China last week, for which three boys are in police custody, has triggered a heated discussion in the media on juvenile crime and the plight of children left at home by migrant workers.
上周中国北方发生了一起13岁男孩被杀案件，导致三名少年被警方拘留，此事在媒体上引起热议，人们探讨起未成年犯罪问题和农民工留守子女困境。
这句话的主干是：The killing of a 13-year-old boy in northern China last week has triggered a heated discussion.
上周中国北方发生的一起13岁男孩被杀案件引发激烈的讨论。
for which three boys are in police custody 是定语从句，其中 for 表示原因，翻译成“因为”，which 代指前面的 The killing of a 13-year-old boy，转化成普通句的形式是：
Three boys are in police custody for the killing of a 13-year-old boy.
因为13岁男孩被杀，三名少年被警方拘留。
当然在翻译的时候要考虑到汉语的表达习惯，在保证信息完整准确的前提下，尽量用通顺的语言表达出来。
3
Police arrested three boys and took them into custody after they allegedly bullied and killed the junior high school student in the small city of Handan, in Hebei province, on 10 March, and then buried him in a shallow pit, state media reported.
据官方媒体报道，3月10日，在河北小城邯郸市，一名初中生遭到欺凌并被杀害，随后尸体被埋藏在一个浅坑中。据悉，警方已将涉案的三名少年拘留。
这句话的主干是：Police arrested three boys and took them into custody 警方已将三名少年逮捕、拘留。
主干后面是一个状语从句：after they allegedly bullied and killed the junior high school student in the small city of Handan, in Hebei province, on 10 March, and then buried him in a shallow pit, state media reported.
我们按时间顺序把事件梳理一下：
1）they allegedly bullied and killed the junior high school student
2）then buried him in a shallow pit
3）Police arrested three boys and took them into custody
英文喜欢先写结果，后写过程，所以把 Police arrested three boys and took them into custody 放在前面，后面通过时间连词连接。而汉语喜欢按时间顺序，把一件事情描述清楚。所以我们在翻译时，要注意中英文不同的表达习惯，把原句打散，重新组合。
take sb into custody 意思是“拘留、扣留”，也可以用 detain 替换。注意它和 put sb in jail 有区别，in custody 指被逮捕但尚未被正式起诉，或者在等待审判期间被关押，而 in jail 指被判有罪而被送往监狱服刑。
allegedly 意思是某事是“被指控的”，但尚未经过法庭审判或法定程序确认，这体现了新闻语言的严谨性，《时代周刊》在报道“李玟控诉《中国好声音》”时也用了这个词：
The selloff comes after a nine-minute clip surfaced on Chinese social media platform Weibo allegedly showing Hong Kong singer Coco Lee talking about her time on the reality program, which like the U.S. show “The Voice” is based on a hit Dutch series.
在股票遭到抛售之前，一段九分钟的录音在中国社交媒体平台微博上曝光，根据这段录音，疑似香港歌手李玟在谈论《中国好声音》节目上的经历。该节目与美国的《The Voice》节目类似，移植自荷兰的热门节目。
4
So far, no charges have been laid.
目前为止，尚未提起诉讼。
lay charges against 表示“对某人提出指控、起诉”，也可以用 file/press/bring charges against sb 等表示。
03
写作素材
这一事件的本质“青少年犯罪”问题，这在很多英语考试中已成为热点话题，我搜集了一些观点素材，大家可以读一读背一背，写作时可以借鉴：
原因1-家庭教育：
Lack of Guidance: Many teenagers engage in criminal activities due to a lack of proper guidance and supervision from parents or caregivers. Absence of positive role models and mentors can leave adolescents susceptible to negative influences and delinquent behavior.
缺乏引导：许多青少年参与犯罪活动是由于缺乏父母或监护人的适当指导和监督。缺乏积极的榜样和导师可能会使青少年容易受到负面和不良行为的影响。
原因2-校园教育：
Educational Disengagement: Teenagers who are disengaged from education or lack access to quality schooling may be more susceptible to involvement in criminal activities.
教育脱钩：那些对教育不感兴趣或缺乏高质量教育的青少年更容易卷入犯罪活动。
原因3-心理层面
Psychological Factors: Some teenagers may engage in criminal behavior as a result of underlying psychological issues such as conduct disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, or untreated mental health conditions. Without appropriate intervention and support, these individuals may continue down a path of delinquency.
心理因素：一些青少年可能由于潜在的心理问题，如行为障碍、反抗性障碍或未经治疗的精神健康问题而参与犯罪行为。如果没有适当的干预和支持，这些个体可能会继续走向不良行为的道路。
原因4-物质滥用：
Substance Abuse: Substance abuse, including alcohol and drug use, is closely linked to teenage crime. Substance use impairs judgment and inhibitions, making adolescents more likely to engage in criminal behavior such as theft, vandalism, or violence while under the influence.
物质滥用：物质滥用，包括酗酒和药物使用，与青少年犯罪密切相关。物质使用会影响判断力和抑制力，使青少年更有可能在受到影响时参与盗窃、破坏或暴力等犯罪行为。
做法1-家庭：
Strengthening Family Education: Establishing a positive family environment, enhancing parental supervision and guidance, providing stable family support and care to reduce the occurrence of teenage crime.
加强家庭教育：建立积极的家庭环境，加强家长对青少年的监督和指导，提供稳定的家庭支持和关爱，以减少青少年犯罪的发生。
做法2-学校：
Increasing Investment in Education: Increasing investment in education, improving the quality of education and resource allocation, providing more educational opportunities and support for teenagers to help them obtain good education and career development opportunities.
加强教育投入：提高对教育的投入，改善教育质量和资源分配，为青少年提供更多的教育机会和支持，帮助他们获得良好的教育和职业发展机会。
做法3-社会：
Providing Social Services: Providing a variety of social services and youth activities, including cultural, sports, arts, and volunteer services, to provide positive social environments and activity choices, reducing the risk of teenage crime.
提供社会服务：提供丰富多样的社会服务和青少年活动，包括文化、体育、艺术和志愿服务等，提供积极的社交环境和活动选择，降低青少年犯罪的风险。
做法4-心理：
Providing Mental Health Support: Providing mental health services and support, timely identifying and intervening in teenage psychological problems, helping them cope with setbacks and stress, improving mental health levels, reducing criminal tendencies.
提供心理健康支持：提供心理健康服务和支持，及时识别和干预青少年的心理问题，帮助他们应对挫折和压力，提高心理健康水平，减少犯罪倾向。
做法5-网络：
Enhancing Internet Regulation: Strengthening supervision of the Internet and social media, reducing the impact of cybercrime and harmful information on teenagers, improving teenagers' internet literacy and safety awareness.
加强网络监管：加强对互联网和社交媒体的监管，减少网络犯罪和不良信息对青少年的影响，提高青少年的网络素养和安全意识。
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