英国大学将减少一等学位数量以遏制学位“通胀”，英国大学是如何划分学位等级的？

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为遏制学位通胀

英国大学将减少一等学位数量

明年英国大学毕业生获得一等学位的可能性将降低，英国的大学将开始扭转疫情期间的大规模学位“通胀”现象。

Graduates will be less likely to get a First Class degree next year, universities in England will warn as they pledge to reverse pandemic grade inflation.

代表了全国100余所大学的英国大学协会（Universities UK）和GuildHE将宣布，到2023年，他们将使一等学位和二等一学位的比例与疫情前水平保持一致。

Universities UK and GuildHE, which represent more than 100 universities across the country, will announce that by 2023, they will bring the proportion of First Class and Second Class (Upper Division) degrees back in line with pre-pandemic levels.

这是历史上首次发布此类公告，据悉，在疫情期间，英国大学授予的一等学位数量急剧增加，2020-21年，36%的学生获得了最高成绩，比十年前增加了125%，而疫情前一年这一数字为28%。

The announcement, which is the first of its kind, comes after a sharp rise in the number of First Class degrees awarded during the pandemic, with 36 per cent of students achieving the top grade in 2020-21, increased 125 per cent in a decade, compared to 28 per cent in the year prior to the pandemic.

大学协会承认，学生获得了更高的成绩并不代表学校的教学得到了发展，并表示，这一现象可能会破坏学生、雇主和公众对教育系统的信心。

The university associations admitted that grade inflation could not be explained by developments in teaching and learning and said that it risked undermining student, employer and public confidence in the system.

保持严格的学术标准

maintaining robust academic standards

GuildHE主席兼特威克南圣玛丽大学（St Mary's University, Twickenham）副校长Anthony McClaran说：“高等教育机构坚定地致力于保持严格的学术标准。

Anthony McClaran, the chairman of GuildHE and the vice-chancellor of St Mary’s University Twickenham, said: “Higher education institutions are strongly committed to maintaining robust academic standards.

“在疫情期间，我们正确地认识到学生面临的困难，并尽可能灵活地认定学生的成就。当我们摆脱疫情时，是时候加倍关注保护学术标准，并采取强有力的行动，确保更广泛的信心和信任。”

“During the pandemic, we have rightly recognised the disruption that students have faced and supported students’ achievement to be recognised as flexibly as possible. As we emerge from the pandemic, it is time to redouble our focus on protecting academic standards and take strong action to ensure we maintain the wider confidence and trust in the system.”

在疫情的第一年，大学是采用“无损”政策，该政策对考试进行了调整，这样任何学生都不会因为疫情而导致在学术上处于不利地位。这种方法能够确保学生的最终成绩不低于大学对其学习的评估。疫情期间，还采用了开卷考试的测试方式。

In the first year of the pandemic, universities used “no detriment” policies, whereby testing was adapted so that no student would be academically disadvantaged because of the pandemic. This approach typically ensured that students would be awarded a final grade no lower than the university’s most recent assessment of their work. Other assessment changes during the pandemic included open-book exams.

疫情不能成为成绩通胀的借口

Covid no excuse for baked-in grade inflation

负责监管英国大学机构最近警告说，疫情不能成为大学成绩膨胀的借口。

The Office for Students, which regulates English universities, recently warned that Covid cannot be used as an excuse for “baked-in” university grade inflation.

监管机构5月份发布的数据显示，与十年前的学生成绩相比，2021学年有一半以上被授予一等学位的学生成绩无法得到解释。

Data released by the regulator in May show that more than half of the Firsts Class degree awarded to students in 2021 could not be explained when compared with students’ results a decade ago.

英国大学协会和GuildHE将于今年年底前发表声明，列出恢复到疫情前的最高成绩比例的措施，并以疫情前的比例为参考标准。

The Universities UK and GuildHE will publish the specific proportion standard of degree awarding by the end of this year, taking the proportion of pre-pandemic standard for reference.

各大学必须承诺采取进一步行动，以解决不明原因的成绩通胀现象。

Universities will have to make a commitment to any further actions required to address any areas where there is unexplained inflation.

大学部长Michelle Donelan表示：“努力的学生应该知道，获得一等学位或二等一学位真的很重要，它在雇主那里很有分量——反过来，雇主应该能够信任大学课程的高价值和严格的评估。”

Michelle Donelan, the universities minister, said: “Hard-working students deserve to know that earning a first or upper second really counts and that it carries weight with employers – who in turn should be able to trust in the high value and rigorous assessment of university courses.”

英国大学

是怎样划分学位等级的？

与国内的⼤学不同，英国⼤学授予的学士学位有严格的等级之分，⼤学考试满分是100分，及格分为40分。成绩与对应的学分相联系，并采⽤加权平均的⽅法来计算总分。

Different from domestic universities, the bachelor degree awarded by British universities has strict grades, with a full score of 100 and a passing score of 40. The score is related to the corresponding credits, and the "weighted average" method is adopted to calculate the total score.

英格兰⼤学本科学制为3年（苏格兰4年），⼤⼆、⼤三的考试成绩各占学位课程的50%。由于⼤⼀为学⽣的适应阶段，所以⼤⼀阶段的考试成绩不计算在学位等级⾥。

The undergraduate academic system in England is 3 years (4 years in Scotland), and the examination results of second year and final year account for 50% of the degree courses respectively. Since first year is the adaptation stage of learning, the examination results of first year stage are not counted in the degree level.

⼀等荣誉学⼠学位

First Class Honours

⼀等荣誉学⼠学位是英国⼤学颁发的最⾼等级的学⼠学位。成绩非常优异的毕业⽣才能得到。通常来说，英国只有11%的毕业⽣可以在毕业时拿到⼀等荣誉学⼠学位。

The degree of First Class Honors is the highest academic degree awarded by British universities. Only outstanding graduates can get it. generally speaking, only 11 per cent of graduates in British universities can get an First Class Honours degree upon graduation.

不同⼤学和不同课程之间，拿到⼀等成绩的学⽣⽐例也有很⼤的差别，法律、物理、⼯程等专业的学⽣能拿到⼀等成绩的⼈数就⽐较少。⼀等成绩⼀般需要达到70分以上，英国⼤学很少⻅到80分以上的成绩。

There are also great differences in the cases of students who get grades between different universities and courses. There are fewer students who can get First Class Honors degree in law, physics, engineering and other majors. Grades of First Class Honours generally need to reach more than 70, and British universities rarely get grades of more than 80.

获得⼀等荣誉学位的学⽣甚⾄可以直接申请就读博⼠课程。

Some of the students who have obtained a First Class Honours degree can directly apply for PHD courses.

⼆等一荣誉学⼠学位

Second Class Honours (Upper Division）

⼆等⼀荣誉学士学位，在英国⼤学中仅次于⼀等荣誉学⼠学位。⼤部分的毕业⽣都以⼆等⼀级成绩取得毕业证书。许多雇主都要求毕业⽣⾄少要达到这个成绩才会聘⽤。

A Second Class Honours(Upper Division)is second only to a First Class Honours degree in a UK university. The majority of graduates obtain their diploma with a Second Class (Upper Division). Many employers require at least this grade to be achieved before they will employ a graduate.

学生成绩在60-69分之间将获得二等一荣誉学位。

With a score between 60 and 69, students obtained a Second Class Honours (Upper Division) degree.

⼆等二荣誉学⼠学位

Second Class Honours (Lower Division)

每年约有29%的毕业生获得二等二荣誉学位。虽然这也是一个二等学位，但在就业雇主方面与二等一等学位有很大差距。

Approximately 29% of graduates receive a Second Class Honours (Lower Division) each year. Although this is also a Second Class degree, there is a significant gap between it and a Second Class Honours (Upper Division) in terms of employers.

成绩在50-59分之间的学生，将获得二等二荣誉学位。

Students with grades between 50 and 59 will be awarded a Second Class Honours (Lower Division) degree.

三等荣誉学⼠学位

Third Class Honours

成绩在40和49之间的学生获得此学位。拥有三等学位的学生在申请硕士学位时受到限制。

This degree is awarded to students who achieve grades between 40 and 49. Students with a Third Class degree are restricted from applying for a Master's degree.

普通学⼠学位

Ordinary degree

平均40分，即及格，是一个学生可以勉强从英国大学毕业的水平。普通学位和荣誉学位之间的差距是相当大的。

An average of 40 points, or a pass, is the level at which a student can barely graduate from a UK university. The gap between an Ordinary degree and an Honours degree is considerable.

来源：英国每日电讯报等，如侵删。

监制：李璨

审核/责任编辑：刘煜

记者：杨冬妮