编辑按：美中关系的急剧恶化已经影响到了美国的学术自由和科技交流，华裔科学家正面临十分严峻的局面。美国华人联合会（UCA）于2019年4月20日，针对当前华裔科学家美中科技交流事宜发布声明如下（中英文）。
本文转载自《北美新视界》公众号
UCA美国华人联合会就目前华裔
科学家在美中科技交流事宜上的
声  明
近年来，中国国力的急剧增长以及美中关系的急剧恶化已经影响到了美国的学术自由和科技交流，也影响到了对美国科技发展作出了卓著贡献的美国华裔科学界。华裔科学家正面临十分严峻的局面。
最近广为报道的美国国家卫生研究院（NIH）院长有关华裔科学家的讲话，以及上周主流媒体对休斯顿地区的安德森癌症中心和其他医学研究机构调查和革除数位华裔科学家的报道，就是又一相关事件。美国华人联合会（UCA）对此表示严重的关切，并为此发出五点呼吁。
由于上述和其他种种原因，当今美国华裔科学家身处的大环境日益恶化。目前不少华裔科学家已被迫改变科研方向、项目申请和学术规划；或被迫减少或终止了与中国正常和互惠的科技往来。同时，越来越多的华裔科学家被质询、调查、停职甚至起诉。一些华裔科学家日益感受到，因为他们的祖籍国或华裔背景而遭受到不信任，或职业前程受到影响。就连中国留学生近来也被质疑或渲染为大量从事与学生身份不相符合的工作。然而，这并没有事实或数据作为依据，耸人听闻，不符合美国的传统和价值观。
更有甚者，在政府编织的日益严密的法网里，部分已被刑事起诉的华裔科学家已被证明是无辜的；一些人或因为祖籍国背景而被盯上；还有更多的是在被起诉多项重罪之后，仅以技术性违规而定罪和处罚，诸如，不当处置数据。就是在已被定罪的案例中，绝大部分当事人都是因为个人操守而犯罪，而并非是政府常常宣称的那些威胁国家安全的经济或学术间谍罪行。
必须指出，近年来美国确实正经历来自许多国家，尤其是来自中国的日益激烈的竞争，甚至是潜在的威胁。美中两国间的意识形态和政府形式的差异，更是加剧和放大了这种竞争和对抗。同时，华裔科学界里确有一些不良人士违规行事，操守不彰，影响了整体华裔科学界的声誉。对此行为，我们予以谴责，并明确支持政府所进行的各项合规努力。
在此多事之秋，美国华人联合会（UCA）通过多方深入了解，通过与政府有关部门的多次对话，并通过与各校华裔学者进行大量沟通之后，达成五项共识。我们在此特此呼吁：
——我们呼吁目前美国高等教育界和科研界，以及美国公众，继续高举科学无疆的旗帜，捍卫学术自由和科技交流，使其得以继续造福全人类。我们在此特向加州大学伯克利分校，斯坦福大学，密执安大学表达我们的敬意！我们呼吁更多的美国大学和相关组织以上述学校为榜样，在关键时刻理直气壮地站出来，支持国际科学交流，维护华裔科学家的正当学术自由和公民权益；
——我们支持美国继续领引全球的科学研究事业，维护美国的全球竞争力和领导力。美国华裔科学家们在这一重大领域将继续扮演不可或缺的角色。为此，我们赞同加强对科研和交流领域的合规监督和管理，呼吁华裔科学工作者合规守法，及时上交和公开交流或合作内容与协议，确保美国正当的国家，纳税人和商业利益不受损害；
——我们呼吁华裔科学界，与华人社区一道，继续通过科学交流和文化教育加强美中关系，而不是从这个历史担当中退却或逃避。知难而进。需知道，一个糟糕的美中关系对在美华人和我们的后代，对美中两国，对这个世界都是有百害无一利。美国华人应有历史担当和道德义务成为两国人民的沟通人、建桥人与和平使者；
——我们也呼吁中国政府大力加强吸引国际人才制度上的规范化、透明化和国际化。中国政府也应大力加强对各类人才引进和人才交流的监督和管理，大力增加或加强双向的合规要求和培训，进一步切实减低和消除其他国家对中方引进人才时可能会产生的质疑和担忧；
——最后，我们呼吁美国政府相关人员在国家安全执法中，加强培训，减少内在偏见和歧视，增强与华裔社区的沟通，确保美国华裔和华裔科学家们的自由和民权得到充足的保障，确保类似李文和、陈霞芬和郗小星这类严重错误和不幸事件不再发生，确保美国不再发生任何版本的“排华法案”或者任何形式的麦卡锡主义或思潮。
美国华人联合会将一如既往，站在维护华人权益的最前列。我们将继续在华人社区展开遵纪守法的教育和学习；继续推动华人社区与FBI以及联邦检察官的对话和互动，继续加强和美国联邦政府尤其是国会的沟通和协调，让华裔科学家们能安心生活和工作，安心从事正当的国际学术交流和协作。
学术自由、科学交流、人才引进等都是美国以开放精神治国历来所遵循的伟大传统，是美国今天能保持强大和繁荣的根本所在。我们坚信，华裔科学家无论是过去、现在和将来，都对美中两国的科技交流，对维护美国的全球科技领导地位，对人类的科学发展做出并将继续做出不可替代的卓越贡献。
英文版：
United Chinese Americans (UCA) Raises Concerns For Chinese American Scientists as Collateral Damage in the Crossfire Between the United States and China Due to Deteriorating Relations
STATEMENT
WASHINGTON, D.C. – April 25, 2019.  The United Chinese Americans (UCA), www.ucausa.org, expresses grave concern for Chinese American scientists, who have been made to feel increased scrutiny and increasing suspicion of their loyalties based on their ethnic background.
Last week’s news reports on what is likely the first wave of a crack down targeting primarily Chinese American scientists at MD Anderson Cancer Center in Houston are unsettling, because of the manner in which the investigations were carried out, and the fear they have generated. No scientist has been charged with a federal crime. Yet, reportedly, at least 10 scientists have retired, resigned, been fired or placed on administrative leave, with more parties affected. Fifty-five other NIH-funded institutions are currently carrying out similar investigations in response to U.S. government concerns. UCA is closely monitoring these developments.
More broadly, the sharp deterioration in U.S.-China relations of recent years has endangered academic freedom in American universities and research institutions as well as scientific exchanges between the two countries. At the same time, tighter scrutiny and growing distrust of Chinese Americans have had a profoundly adverse effect on this community, who historically has suffered profoundly from the notorious Chinese Exclusion Act and Red Scare. Once again, Chinese American scientists are caught in the crossfires between the two global powers, becoming collateral damage as a result of the charged atmosphere.
Chinese American scientists, who have made tremendous contribution to America’s scientific progress and technical prowess, are increasingly being questioned, investigated, suspended and even prosecuted. To avoid suspicion or to be able to continue their work, some scholars with Chinese background or ties have been forced to change the direction of their research or the nature of their grant application, or to reduce or end reciprocal scientific collaboration with China.
But the vast majority of Chinese American scientists are law-abiding. Some who have been prosecuted with espionage related charges have turned out to be totally innocent. But to this day, their reputations, careers and lives remain in tatters. In many other cases, people have had multiple felony charges leveled against them but at the end, have been convicted of much lessor offenses, e.g., mishandling of data. Ever since 1996, altogether fewer than 200 defendants—about 31% of them or 58 individuals being Chinese nationals or Chinese Americans—have been charged, not all convicted, under the Economic Espionage Act. Of those, most were motivated by personal financial gains, not economic espionage carried out in collaboration with a foreign power or with the intent to benefit a foreign government.
Let’s be clear: American interests and national security, unquestionably, must be protected. Where a few wrongdoers have acted with intentional malice toward our nation, UCA condemns such behavior in the strongest terms and supports vigorous prosecution of them according to the law.
To address the current situation, UCA makes the following five appeals:
  • We call on the U.S. higher education and scientific communities to continue to uphold and strengthen scientific collaborations around the world so they may continue to benefit all mankind. We salute the University of California at Berkeley, Stanford University, the University of Michigan and the University of California at Davis for their efforts to uphold these principles and ideals as well as for their civil rights concerns for their faculty members and students, and call on more institutions to follow their example.


  • We call on Chinese American scientists to continue to carry on the indispensable role they have played in maintaining America’s lead position in scientific research and global competitiveness. To this end, we fully endorse the strengthening of compliance efforts and ethical standards guiding scientific research and collaboration. We call on Chinese American scientists—indeed all scientists—to adhere strictly to all applicable laws, regulations and practices, and to cooperate in reporting any breaches to appropriate authorities.


  • We call on Chinese American scientists – indeed, all Chinese Americans – to continue to strengthen U.S.-China people-to-people relations through scientific exchanges and educational efforts rather than retreating. An adversarial U.S.-China relationship is harmful to Chinese Americans, to the United States and China, and to the future of the world. Chinese Americans have a unique role to play as communicators, bridge builders and messengers of peace between the two peoples.


  • We call on the Chinese government to earnestly protect U.S. intellectual property rights, as American scientists participate in its talent programs and other exchanges, and vigorously strengthen the standardization and transparency of those programs. The Chinese government should also improve its supervision and management of such programs, including sub-national ones, toughen two-way compliance requirements and enhance training to reduce or eliminate doubts and concerns other countries may have about such programs.


  • Finally, we call on U.S. law enforcement agencies to strengthen internal training and safeguards to reduce implicit bias and discrimination, to enhance communication with Chinese American communities and to ensure that the freedom and civil rights of all Chinese Americans are rigorously protected.


The United Chinese Americans (UCA) stands at the forefront of safeguarding the rights and interests of Chinese Americans. We will continue to conduct legal awareness education in the Chinese American community, to promote dialogue and communication between the Chinese American community and the FBI, the Justice Department and other government agencies so that Chinese American scientists may lead normal, peaceful and productive lives.
UCA is a nonpartisan, nonprofit organization whose members across the nation comprise Chinese American immigrants dedicated to contributing to and participating in the full civic life of American society.
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