美国华裔第一次登上总统竞选的大舞台！

星期一

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美国有约三亿三千万人口，其中接近四百万华人。从1776年建国以来，从没有一个华裔出现在总统竞选全国性电视节目的舞台上。

2019年4月14日这天，历史被改写！

因为在民煮选举的舞台上，冲击全球最高级别的美国总统宝座——

对于遍及世界各地的炎黄子孙，这是上下五千年的漫漫长路；

对于美国华人，等待了一百五十多载春秋，仅有两人，可谓百年一遇；

对于我们的主人公杨安泽，则是起步于单打独斗的整整1年多。而这之前，是他几十年的人生累积和奋斗（点击查看前文🔗）。

当然，亚裔如果打种族牌参加竞选总统，且不说战术上格局太小，战略上也根本走不远。但是，毕竟出来一张华人脸的候选人，亲切感是天然的，从这个角度我们多少还是按捺不住兴奋。

粉丝们制作的杨安泽的竞选之路和花絮

从最早籍籍无名、大半年里都只有区区3000美元的捐款，到今天登台亮相最大的电台，杨安泽这个政治素人是匹当仁不让的黑马。

4月14日，美国东部时间晚上7点，精神抖擞，充满自信，身型高大的杨安泽首度出现在CNN主持的Town Hall（类似于市政厅议会）上。这是美国总统竞选中，候选人向全国选民通过电视直播讲述自己的政治理念的一种传统的形式。

由在场的观众和主持人提出各种问题，让候选人一一回答。历时一共一小时，内容覆盖各种不同的社会热点，让选民有机会全面了解一下总统候选人的视野、判断力，和解决国家问题的策略。

杨安泽（左），主持人Ana Cabrera（右）

这次“市政厅议会”给杨安泽的选举带来哪些助力，目前还需要等待数据分析。小编先节选一些对答（附英文原文），分享给读者朋友。

关于人工智能和UBI的问题

杨安泽亮相后，主持人Ana Cabrera做开场白：

“我们将有很多问题问你，首先请住在华盛顿，为无党派的智囊团工作Emily Benson开始提问。”

Ana Cabrera：

And we have a lot of great questions for you. Let's let's begin. We have Emily Benson here she lives here in Washington and works for a nonpartisan think tank. Emily go ahead.

Emily Benson提问：人工智能(A.I.)带来的自动化生产导致很多产业的大量失业。你计划怎样规范A.I.来保持老百姓的就业，此外你计划如何保持美国人在计算机和自动化时代的竞争力？

Emily Benson：

Artificial intelligence has contributed to job automation leading to significant job losses in multiple sectors. How do you propose regulating A.I. to ensure continued human employment and what do you propose in terms of reskilling programs to keep Americans competitive in the computer and machine age.

杨安泽回答：这是一个非常棒的问题，也是我们国家面临的主要挑战之一。我们必须直面川普赢得2016年大选的深层次的原因。因为在密歇根州、俄亥俄州、宾夕法尼亚州、威斯康辛州、密苏里州、爱荷华州等地，自动化取代了400万个制造业工作岗位。而川普只有赢下这些摇摆州才能当选，他成功了。

我有许多从事技术工作的朋友，他们知道在制造业上发生的这些变化，在不远的将来，将在零售业工作、呼叫中心工作、快餐工作、尤其是卡车司机工作这些行业上重演。因此，我们需要提早布局，帮助行业转型中的美国人。

失业工人再培训和教育计划的数据表明，很不幸，对于大多数失业工人来说，这些培训没作用。联邦政府资助的再培训计划中，只有0到15％的失业工人通过再培训重新就业。因此，我们需要改变方式，重新考虑如何帮助美国人。

你们许多人可能已经听说过，我的旗舰提案是：每个美国成年人从18岁开始每月可以获得一千美元的自由红利。这将为我们的国家创造200万个新工作。这将使我们的孩子更健康，家庭更和睦，并将帮助数千万美国人渡过我们正在经历的历史上最大的经济和技术转型。

Andrew Yang: What a phenomenal question and this is in many ways one of the key challenges we're facing as a country. We have to face why Donald Trump won the election of 2016. He won by the numbers because we'd automated away 4 million manufacturing jobs in Michigan Ohio Pennsylvania Wisconsin Missouri Iowa all the swing states he needed to win and did win. And I have many friends who work in technology and they know that what we did to the manufacturing jobs we are now going to do to the retail jobs the call center jobs the fast food jobs and most disastrously the trucking jobs. In the days to come. So we need to think much bigger about how we're going to help Americans transition through this time. And if you look at the data around retraining and education programs Unfortunately they tend to be largely ineffective for many displaced workers. The effectiveness rate for manufacturing workers with federally funded retraining programs are between zero and 15 percent. So we need to think bigger about how we're going to help Americans transition in my flagship proposal which many of you probably heard of is a freedom dividend of one thousand dollars per month for every American adult starting at age 18. This would create 2 million new jobs in our economy. It would make children and families stronger and healthier and would help tens of millions of Americans transition through what is the greatest economic and technological transformation in our country's history which is what we're going through right now.

主持人Ana Cabrera：杨，我们稍后会谈谈自由红利，但让我先提个问。你说不能停止自动化，不要做这样的尝试。但为什么不要呢？

Ana Cabrera：

Yang we'll talk a little bit more about the freedom dividend here in just a moment but let me just follow up with you. You have said you can't stop automation don't even try. But why not intervene.

杨安泽回答：如果你看一下，在未来四年内30％的美国购物中心将会关门大吉，但你不会把它看作是自动化或者A.I.的问题。如果追踪一下，亚马逊每年吸走200亿美元商业资金，这就是导致这30％的商场和商店关闭的原因。如果你去亚马逊运营中心，你会看到厂区里面到处都是机器人，他们正在为此投入数十亿美元。所以，阻挡自动化是非常困难甚至不切实际的。我们需要考虑如何让美国人在这个时代过更好的生活。目标不应该是局限在挽救就业机会，而该是

让我们的生活更美好。

Andrew Yang：

Well if you look at it you don't think about 30 percent of American malls closing in the next four years as an automation or A.I. problem. But then when you trace the steps Amazon is sucking up 20 billion dollars in commerce every year and that's what's causing 30 percent of malls and stores to close. And if you go to an Amazon fulfillment center you see it's wall to wall robots and they're investing billions of dollars in aid. So it's very very difficult to stop this process. We have to instead think about how we can make Americans prosperous through this time. The goal should not be to save jobs. The goal should be to make our lives better.

关于亚裔身份对成长的影响

一位华裔观众问：我们一会儿马上回到现场观众的问题。让我先问你，我读了你的书，你在书中写道：”我曾是纽约州北部长大的一个瘦小的亚洲小孩，经常被忽视，像影视剧Stranger Things里的小孩那样被孤立，被当成缺少朋友的书呆子——这听起来很熟悉吧。“在我的成长中这种感觉挥之不去。（我的问题是）这种感觉也同样追随你很久吗？它是如何塑造你的成长经历的。

We're going to get back to our audience questions in just a moment. But let me ask you because I read your book and you write in your book. I grew up a skinny asian kid in upstate New York who is often ignored or picked on like one of the kids from Stranger Things but nerdier with fewer friends sounds familiar. It stuck with me right. How did it stick with you. How did that shape your experience growing up.

杨安泽回答：对的，这让我总是想要为那些被遗弃或被边缘化或被忽视的人争取权益。即使我成长成一个有很多粉丝的成功者后，当我参加活动或聚会时，我会自然而然地找到那些被排挤的人并帮助他们融入群体。在过去20年，我对创业充满热情。我想帮助被排挤或被边缘化的美国人。不少美国蓝领工人靠打两份工谋生。 78％的美国人依靠每月工资单生活（没有足够储蓄）。57%的美国人支付不起超过五百美元的意外账单。我们现在的经济在抛弃越来越多的普通人。现在，我正在竞选总统，以帮助改变这一点，让普通民众不再是自己土地上的弱者。

Andrew Yang:Well it made me always want to stick up for the underdog the person who was left out or marginalized or ignored. And so when I grew up when I'm a Mets fan still they're like a perennial underdog. But when I'd go to an event or gathering I'd naturally find the person who was excluded or left out and try and include them and bring them in. And now I've had a passion for entrepreneurship for the last 20 years and who's being excluded or marginalized right now in America. And fortunately it's the working class Americans are working two jobs. 78 percent of Americans are living paycheck to paycheck. Fifty seven percent cannot afford an unexpected five hundred dollar bill. Our economy is not working for more and more Americans. And now I'm running for president to help change that and make us not the underdogs in our own land anymore.

关于移民政策

观众提问：你是60年代台湾移民的儿子。我知道你想给予美国境内所有无证移民获得公民身份的机会。但你说，”但是必须指出，这些人存在试图规避美国的合法移民制度的事实。“能否解释一下你的意思。

You are the son of Taiwanese immigrants who came to the U.S. in the 1960s and I know in your immigration plan you support a pathway to citizenship for all undocumented immigrants currently in this country. But you say quote It must reflect the fact that these individuals tried to circumvent our legal immigration system. What do you mean by that.

杨安泽：我们有超过1200万无证移民。对我而言，最具逻辑性和人性化的解决方式是为那些在美国但没有证件的人创造一条通向公民身份的路，特别是那些（跟着无证的父母，从小在这里长大）没有其他国家可去的”梦想生“。我在各地竞选时候一直说，我是移民的儿子。我相信移民使国家更强大，更有活力。所以我们应该尝试一条让他们融入美国的道路。1200万无证移民只是保守估计，实际上无证移民的数量应该更多。我们需要找到可行的办法，让已经在美国的人正规融入我们的经济和社会。

但是我们要阻止非法移民现象。

现在我们国家的南部边境发生着移民危机。部分原因是试图跨越边境的人口构成正在发生变化。这些人在申请庇护。我们需要足够的资源，以节省时间和有效的方式处理这些申请。在某些情况下，等待时间将超过一年。解决问题的基本原则是，我们需要给南部边境的边防工作投入更多资源。我们需要更多的移民工作人员和庇护法庭的法官。现在我们的边境巡逻工作人员严重短缺，几个月来相关机构一直试图雇人。但是这些工作要求生活和留驻在国家的偏远地区，他们很难吸引和留住人。

Andrew Yang:

Well we have well over 12 million undocumented immigrants here in this country. And to me the most logical and humane path forward path forward is to create a pathway to citizenship for people who are here and undocumented particularly for the dreamers who really known no other home. But the United States of America. And I say to people around the country I'm the son of immigrants. I believe that immigrants make our country stronger and more dynamic. And so we should try and create a pathway forward to help integrate really again. Twelve million is a conservative estimate. There are many many people who are here and undocumented that we should integrate into our formal economy and society if we can.

But what we're going to do to deter illegal immigration.

Well so right now we have a migrant crisis on the southern border. And it's the it's it's in part because the composition of the people are showing up at the border is changing. It's people who are applying for asylum. And fortunately I have the resources to process them in any kind of punctual or effective way and so the waiting period is literally over a year in some cases. So the basics are that we need to put more resources to work on our southern border. We need more facilities case workers asylum judges. Right now our Border Patrol is short thousands of people that they've been trying to hire for months because it's very hard for them to attract and retain people to very remote parts of this country.

”白人至上“的问题

这部分，小编给杨安泽满分。他一方面很坚定地拒绝种族分子的支持，同时，不同于那些一开口就称白人至上来自于歧视和道德问题的常规回答，他是从经济角度指出解决问题的根本，认为改善穷人包括穷白人的生活和经济条件，才是最佳的解决出路。

美国确实有种族分子，反歧视反种族主义也额外重要。但是杨安泽这种尊重任何人，不在未做选择了解之前贴标签的方式，是不分左右朝前看，把握国家问题的根本和实质，不制造分裂的大局观。

另外，关心穷白人不等于不关心其他的穷人，也不等于是白人种族分子。而是因为有些社会问题对穷白人的冲击可能比其他人群更大，自然需要相应的更对症下药的关心他们的政策。

观众提问：在过去的几年里，我们看到白人民族主义暴力事件的复苏。作为夏洛茨维尔致命汽车袭击的幸存者，我的下一任总统能否解决这个问题对我很重要。请解释你将如何努力减少这些现象，并解释你是否会支持一项将白人民族主义暴力定义为恐怖主义的法案。

Over the last couple of years we've seen a resurgence of white nationalist violence. As a survivor of the deadly car attack in Charlottesville it is important to me that our next president addresses this issue immediately. Please explain how you will work to curtail this problem and also please explain whether you will support a bill that defines white nationalist violence as terrorism.

杨安泽：首先感谢您在夏洛茨维尔的出色贡献。对你的经历，让我们给她鼓掌（这里体现出杨安泽机智的与观众互动能力）。如果节目摄像允许的话，我会跑出去，现在给你一个拥抱（众笑）。插播一下广告，给你的心脏一个好的休息，因为你所经历的事情听起来对人非常挑战和有创伤性。

现在，部落主义正在撕毁我们的国家。这与国家经济出问题有关，因为如果你觉得自己没有未来，你的孩子没有未来，然后有人煽动一番，例如把移民当成罪魁祸首或者一些仇恨的意识形态，那么你（少数族裔）就更容易成为这些仇恨的受害者。

因此，希望通过发展经济，我们可以帮助缓解这种部落主义。我受到了电影制片人Deah Khan的影片反仇恨的启发。现在我们许多人只是谴责种族主义和仇恨，我们确实需要这样做，因为在我们的社会不应该有这些仇恨。但接下来的一步，是如何从根本上让人们认识到，激发仇恨的那些理由很多是错的。这更难，更艰苦。但随着时间的推移，这才是我们最好的前进道路，希望说服人们，美国是个拒绝仇恨的地方。

Andrew Yang：

Well first congratulations to you Constance for your incredible work. Let's give her a round of applause.

And what you've been through.

If the camera people permitted it I would run out and give you a hug right now. Give your heart a nice comeback commercial break because what you've been through sounds incredibly difficult and traumatic.

So to me right now this tribalism that's tearing our country apart. It's related to a dysfunctional economy because if you feel like you don't have a future and your kids don't have a future and then someone comes up with this for example scapegoating immigrants or hateful ideologies then you're much more subject to those. So by giving the economic boot off of people's throat hopefully we can help alleviate this tribalism. I'm inspired by the work of Deah Khan this filmmaker who engaged in something called anti hate. And so right now the temptation for many of us is just to condemn racism and hatred which you know we should do because it has no place in our society. But then the next step after that is to actually convince the people that these hateful ideologies are incorrect. And that's more difficult. It's more painstaking but over time it's our best path forward to hopefully convince people that there is no place for hate in the United States of America.

提问：杨你可能知道白人民族主义者在网上支持你。他们似乎被你的一些话特别的吸引，他们说这些陈述证明你特别关注白人。你怎么看这事。

Yang you may know that white nationalists are supporting you online. They seem to have seized on some of your statements which they say are proof that you are particularly concerned about white people. Why do you think they're drawn to your candidacy.

杨安泽：你知道这让人迷惑，因为我看起来不像一个白人民族主义者（众笑）。最接近这个描述的就是，我给转发《纽约时报》的推特，美国人正在以创纪录的数字死于阿片类药物，以致于不少社区里死亡比出生的人还多。而这些尤其集中发生在中西部和南方的白人社区（点击查看前文🔗）。我拒绝来自种族主义者的任何支持。我不希望任何与我的竞选目标不同的人支持。我们的口号是”人性第一“。我们正在努力解决问题并改善数千万美国人的生活。

You know it's been a point of confusion because I don't look much like a white nationalist. The closest thing we could come up with for it was that I sent I retweeted the New York Times saying that that that Americans are dying of opiates in record numbers so much so that more people are dying than being born in various communities and those communities were largely white communities in the Midwest in the south. So I've completely disavowed any of that support. I don't want the support of anyone who has any kind of agenda that's different than the agenda of this campaign. And our slogan is humanity first. We're trying to solve the problems and improve the lives for tens of millions of Americans.

提问：在你的书中，你说我最担心的是那些可怜的白人。你为什么最关心这群贫穷的白人。

In your book you do say the group I worry about most is poor whites. Why are you most concerned about that group poor whites.

杨安泽：在我的书的背景下，我向作家康斯坦茨建议，他的观点就是，部落主义和暴力是如何出现的。因此，我最担心的是那些感觉自己没有前途的贫穷白人，如果那群人变得越来越愤怒和痛苦，暴力可能会扩展。这就是我那本书的背景。但我最关心穷白人的群体主要是出于康斯坦茨所描述的白人民族国家主义而言。

Well in the context of my book I was suggesting to Constance his point like how is this tribalism and violence going to manifest itself. And so the group I was most worried about was poor whites who felt like they had no future and then that violence would emerge in large part because that group would become increasingly angry and distressed. And so that's the context of the book. But I am most concerned about that group in terms of the nationalism that Constance was describing.

医疗保健问题

主持人：好吧让我们回到我们的观众问题，我们的下一位客人是Hosie alter Murano。他是乔治城大学的项目助理。

All right let's turn back to our audience questions our next guest here is Hosie alter Murano. He's a program assistant at Georgetown University.

杨先生。不断上升的医疗保健成本和失去保险的威胁是许多美国人关心的问题（点击查看前文🔗）。你对”全民医疗保险“的立场是什么？你打算如何应对为超过3000万没有保险的美国人提供医疗保健的挑战，许多美国人关心这个问题。

Hi Mr. Yang. Rising health care costs and the threat of losing one's insurance is a concern for many Americans. What is your position on Medicare for all and how do you plan to address the challenge of providing health care for over 30 million uninsured Americans it's a great question it's on the minds of many many Americans.

杨安泽：我支持为所有美国人提供一个国家公共医疗保险的选项。（杨幽默道）一般这么说会有观众的掌声啊！

I'm in the Medicare for all public option camp. Generally an applause line and groups like this.

我们现在18％的GPD花在了医疗上，是其他同类发达国家在医疗保健方面的两倍。其中一个令人困惑的事情是，人们会问，但是钱哪里来啊。其实这是一个错觉。我们的医疗支出是其他国家的两倍（这就是钱的出处）！如果我们更有效地结合利用现有资源，并通过谈判降低药品价格，那么我们会让更多人有医保同时降低医疗价格，这样才能帮助那些正在因此挣扎的人们。在世界上最富裕、最先进的经济体中，当我们自己和挚爱的亲友生病的时候，我们最关心的变得不是病人和治病本身，而成了要为是否有足够的条件治病担忧，这是缺乏人道的。

We right now we're spending twice as much on our health care to worse effect than other countries were spending 18 percent of GDP. And one of the things that is confusing about this is people like we're going to get the money which is completely incorrect. We're spending twice as much on other countries if we channel our existing resources and negotiate lower drug prices lower rates. We can get the access up and the prices down and make it so that the people that are struggling. It is immoral that in the richest most advanced economy in the world we are more stressed out about navigating our business team dysfunctional health care system when our own our loved ones get sick or injured than we are actually caring for them and helping them get well.

展望迎战川普

提问：我们需要有一个候选人或者说获得民主党提名的候选人来对战川普。此人不仅坚守自己的理念，而且能够在面临川普的霸凌伎俩时寸步不让，能够无情揭露他的政治杂耍。如果可能，现在请向我们证明你有投入、有热情、有口才在辩论台上和川普对阵？

Andrew,we need a candidate or democratic nominee, who can not only back up their own ideas but also stand their ground against DT bullying techniques and call out his political ciusus. Prove to us, if you can, right now, to be emotional, passionate and articulate to contend with trump on the debate stage.

杨安泽：我在衣阿华州时，有人前来告诉我，他急切地盼望看到我跟川普辩论，原因是我象激光一样精准专注于要解决的问题——就是使川普赢得选举的那些问题，但我跟他是对立的两极。我这话的意思是，川普的对立面是一个喜欢数学的亚裔男(众笑）。我曾跟我的团队成员在一起开玩笑，猜测川普会给我取什么样的绰号呢？大家最后觉得答案可能是“杨同志”（众笑）。事实上，现在美国人都如饥似渴地希望找到办法提升他们的生活。我的支持者当中既有很多很多川普的支持者，也有独立选民、自由意志主义者，当然也有民主党和进步主义者。我专注于解决那些当年使川普胜选的问题，所以我是能击败他的候选人。

Andrew Yang:

When I was in Iowa, someone came up to to me saying he can not wait to see me debate Donald Trump, because I am laser focused on the problems that got him elected, but I am his polar opposite. What I am saying is the opposite of DT is an Asian man who likes math. But that said my team and I have been joking about what DT’s nickname for me will be. We have come up with ‘Comrade Yang’. The truth is there is massive appetite among Americans for solutions that will actually improve their lives. I am getting many many DT supporters in support of my campaign, as well as conservatives, independents , libertarians, of course democrats and progressives. I am the candidate to beat DT because I am focusing on the problems that got him elected in the first place.

杨安泽在推特上说过，他不是因为对总统大位（权利）的着迷而出来竞选总统，作为一个美国人、一个为人父母的人，他觉得国家在往他担忧的错误的方向走，他需要通过竞选总统做出贡献和改变。

也有很多华人不支持他的政见和观点，争议和不同总是客观存在的。如果是良性的反对声音，值得欢迎。这是民煮社会的常态，也是促进提高竞争力的动力。也期待那些反对杨安泽的华人，多用积极的方式反对——自己或者推举他人，去竞选各种社会公职，并获得成功。而不是把精力集中放在攻击与自己不同的华人，撕裂社区这一个选择。

毕竟，华人彰显政治热情和实力才是有益于自己社区，有利于美国发展的积极之路。

在美国还是会有这个视频里记录的，因为是亚裔，而被特别对待的事情发生。

对抗针对种族、肤色、性别等各种”身份“或明或暗的歧视，打破头顶的竹子天花板，最积极的做法，就是出来越来越多的杨安泽！

让全美甚至全世界看到，任何人，无论是华人、黑人、白人、各族裔、男人、女人、移民还是本土出身，等等，都有忧国忧民的心。用指点美国江山的治国之才，在努力为国家前进奋斗。

我们是平等的！

翻译：琥珀风筝、西岭、周宇