作者：认识韦尔斯利
转自：女生留学
作者Michelle Lu，2018年从韦尔斯利毕业。她疫情期间跳槽到一家刚刚融资1.5亿美金、总部设在波士顿的新公司，担纲产品经理（Product Manager）。她是这家公司雇的第一个产品经理，自己独挑大梁。
Michelle非常热情，学妹们经常向她请教求职经验，她也常常和大家交流，交流多了，索性就写了一篇长文，她的爸爸比尔老师翻译成了中文。这篇5000字长文都是满满干货，大家收好了。：）
疫情给全球经济和就业市场带来了前所未有的沉重打击，疫情后大量公司采取了冻结招聘的防御措施，求职比以往更加艰难。作为一个年轻职业人，下面是我找到新职位的主要秘诀：
1.更新你的领英（LinkedIn）职业档案
如果你还没有建立LinkedIn职业档案，一定得赶快创建一个。
LinkedIn是职业人最好的求职网络社交平台。几乎每个白领金领都在上面。
公司出现职位空缺招聘新人的时候，绝大多数猎头都会到LinkedIn去寻找潜在的优秀候选人来提交给招聘经理。 创建职业档案时一定要尽量把你的所有正面职业经历详细列出，比如学历，GPA（如果你是即将毕业或近年毕业的大学生），工作经历（详细描述你的职责和业绩），以及其他与求职相关的正面内容。
LinkedIn职业档案与普通简历的最主要区别在于LinkedIn没有任何字数或内容限制。你可以输入尽可能多的相关细节甚至把多媒体文件上传。当然细节也不是简单的多多益善，一定要确保你的LinkedIn职业档案干净整洁有条有理。 在描述工作经历的时候，要注意多用行业或工作的流行词汇。
这样不仅令你的工作经历显得内行，更会增加招聘人员和猎头软件的兴奋度，大大增加你与相关工作机会匹配的可能性。 
整理好LinkedIn职业档案后，要将你的职业档案设置更新为“欢迎招聘（仅适用于招聘人员）”（Open to Opportunities (Visible to Recruiters Only)）。这样猎头公司就会知道你在寻找新的机会。详细的LinkedIn职业档案会非常有效的吸引猎头前来与你联系。 此外，加入各种对你可能有帮助的LinkedIn群。例如大学校友群，专业群等等。这些群对扩大你的关系网很有帮助。
2.更新你的简历
你大概已经有个简历。一般来说，年轻职业人的简历应该浓缩在一页。你的简历不能面面俱到，而是要专注于你最需要表达的东西，坚决删去与你的当前目标缺乏直接关联的任何内容，即使是那些对你很贴心的经历，例如，如果你要申请技术咨询工作，那么以前在大学参加爵士乐队就不必提起了。如果删到最后还是不能将内容都合并到一页中，可以考虑在格式字号上搞些魔术-缩短页边距，缩小字号，挑选更简洁高效的表达措辞，等等。
要获得最佳效果，最好找一个清新的文字处理软件模板，将重要信息友善而醒目的表达出来。大多数招聘经理最初只会给你的简历几秒钟时间扫视一下，要想吸引住他们的眼球，一定要把重要信息搞得非常醒目（置顶，粗字体，亮丽颜色，等等），并灵活运用各种当红的行业流行词汇。当然也不能把简历搞得过于花花绿绿，尽管鲜艳的颜色是一种有效的吸眼球法宝，但是在黑白打印机上打印出来后常常很难阅读。 
在描述你的工作经历时，要尽可能量化你的业绩和成就。比如你是否将成本降低了10％？增加营销收入20％？虽然大家都知道这都是团队合作，年轻的员工的贡献可能并不显著，但是这些信息都有可能成为招聘经理对你下聘书的佐证。
此外，简历上要少用被动式的普通词汇，比如 “ 得到（Got），干过（Did），做过（Made），等等”，要尽量多使用主动强势的词汇诸如“策划（Orchestrated），协调（Coordinated），设计（Engineered），实施（Implemented），等等”之类的措辞来使你的简历更有活力。 
在发送简历之前，先收集一下朋友家人导师对简历外观和内容的反馈。他们可能会发现你忽略的一些小错误，也会提出更有深度的建议。很多时候，对你很有意义的事情可能对你的读者很乏味。
3.建立个人网站（如果相关），建立个人网站是展示你的技能的好方法
如果你找工作的领域要求创意的话，个人网站就至关重要。个人网站可以展示你的作品，项目，和其他各种成就。对于大多数职业人来说，使用简单的网站制作软件，诸如WordPress或Squarespace，就可以轻松做出很不错的网站。如果缺乏网站设计灵感，可以在Google上搜索学习众多其他人的个人网站。个人网站建好之后，要把网址链接添加到你的简历和LinkedIn职业档案。注意确保及时更新个人网站内容，使其与你的简历和Linkedin职业档案同步。
4.启动找工作准备好了找工作的资料以后，先往哪些地方搜寻呢？
疫情后，不同的行业受到不同程度的冲击，有些行业甚至反而得益。这时候得好好关心研究经济新闻。非生活必须的技术产品或应用软件也会随着美国人削减支出而受到负面影响，影响最低的行业类型是B2B（企业对企业），比如医疗保健行业，远程办公软件和金融等行业。B2B公司的客户是其他企业，而不是消费者。寻找那些在受影响最小，甚至因此反而兴旺的行业和公司。他们最不可能实施冻结招聘，有些反而在疯狂招聘。
5.在线申请工作
在线申请是找工作的最简单方法，但也是成功率最低的。寻找工作时，一定不能只依靠在线申请。LinkedIn，ZipRecruiter，Glassdoor，Indeed，等等都是很不错的地方。但是，一旦找到喜欢的招聘广告，不要点击快速申请键，而是最好找到相关公司自己网站上的申请广告进行申请。 有一种巧门是将招聘广告上大约40％至60％的职位描述用一号白色字体粘贴到你的简历后面（这样没人能看见）。
由于大多数求职申请先要通过软件初审，而软件常常用关键词删选。因为软件可以看到这些人眼看不到的文字，这个窍门可以大大增加完胜软件审查的机率，起码是争取到一个让聘人经理读到你的简历的机会。 另外，如果你对某个行业情有独钟，最好订阅那个行业里领先的时事通讯（Newsletter），及时跟上最新的重要行业新闻。如果某个公司宣布签署了超大订单，或者刚刚接受了大笔投资，那么该公司多半要招聘新员工，赶快去看看公司网站上的招工广告，看有没有合适的。
6.找关系
假设你找到了一个非常有吸引力的招聘广告，看起来非常适合你，然而怎样才能挤进门呢？LinkedIn可以帮忙，用公司名字为关键词来搜索其雇员。LinkedIn会告诉你有没有哪位雇员与你有什么共同的关系（大家都认识同一个人）。
如果你发现有共同关系，可以考虑向这位雇员送LinkedIn邮件，请教他们供职的公司。即使你没有找到任何共同关系也不要担心！首先，搜索LinkedIn，看看有没有你母校的校友在这个公司工作。如果能找到校友，可以发LinkedIn邮件希望与他们谈谈。或者如果你能登录大学校友通讯录，也可以从那里找到他们的联系方式发电子邮件。
如果还是找不到关系，可以寻问你的朋友中有没有人认识这个公司的员工，可以帮忙介绍。 在撰写电子邮件时，务必先简要介绍自己，提起你和收信人的共同关系/兴趣/等等，告诉收件人你有兴趣到他们的公司工作（如果是一个特定的职位，你可以提及），并询问收件人是否愿意花15分钟在电话上和你聊聊。不要请求收件人帮忙找工作，也不要请他们推荐——这让人看着很自私！你和收件人还没有真正认识呢。这种方法比直接联系要有效得多。 如果你的电子邮件收到回复，一定要尽快约好时间打电话。事先要准备好要询问的问题——关于职位，公司，等等。最好将通话时间限制为15-30分钟——不要占用对方太多时间！谈完之后要感谢他们的帮助和指导。如果电话里谈得很顺，他们很可能会将你的简历和其他信息转发给公司人力资源部或招聘经理。如果对方有这样的意向，请立刻将简历发送给他们！现在你知道至少是一个有关人员（不是软件）在审阅你的简历，被邀请面试的可能性会提高很多。
7. 直接联系，即使你想求职的公司里没有任何现存的关系，你仍然有希望！
你可以到LinkedIn上搜索该公司的员工，并找到公司人力资源部的猎头人员姓名以及招聘职位的经理。比如说，如果你要寻找产品经理职位，就搜索产品主管或产品副总裁。 搜索到相关负责人员的联系资料后，你就要想办法和这些人通信。
如果你订了LinkedIn Premium，就可以直接使用inMail积分来与他们联系。另外的一种更有效的方法是直接给他们发送电子邮件。通常，公司为员工的电子邮件地址设置了特定的命名模式（“名.姓”，等等），例如 [email protected]或[email protected]。有些网站（hunter.io）或Chrome浏览器扩展程序快捷程序（Clearbit）会在互联网上自动查找各种具有公司域名的电子邮件用以找出该公司电子邮件的结构并猜测其员工的电子邮件地址，猜对的机会很大。 
投石问路的电子邮件必须保持简洁明快。简短地告诉对方你是谁，目前从事什么工作，正在寻找什么样的机会，附上你的简历并感谢对方的时间。
8.参加招聘会以及非正式见面会
你可以出席许多公司和组织举办的虚拟招聘会以及非正式见面会。 第一步是要发现你所在地区有哪些活动。你正在寻找的职位很可能有相关的专业组织，你希望进入的行业多半会有专业联合会。如果你是一位女性或同性恋者，你可能会发现专门针对女性或同性恋的专业团体。这些组织常常会有网上招聘名单，以及免费（或象征性收费）的虚拟招聘会和网络联谊会。找到这些协会团体和组织，注册并参加他们的活动。 如果你在活动中与专业人士攀谈，一定要保持联系。在LinkedIn上与他们联系很方便。他们或许能够帮助你找到新工作。
9.向你的社交圈子求助找工作的最好方法之一就是向你的社交圈子求助！
让你社交圈子里的人都知道你在找工作。询问你以前的主管，你的朋友，你生活中的诸葛亮，总之不放过你认识的任何人。他们可以给你出主意，他们可能知道什么好机会，他们也许能够把你介绍给你梦想中公司的招聘经理。只要你大胆去问，总是会收到不同程度的帮助。
10.面试绝杀
找工作的时候一定要尽可能地扩大申请范围。搞不清楚一个公司没关系：沾边就申请！如果你真的获得了面试机会，一定不要拒绝。即使你几乎可以肯定你不会到这个公司工作或接受这个工作岗位，面试以后你也可能会改变主意。
抓住一切机会练习面试！做到当你梦想中的工作机会来临时，你已经准备好面试绝杀！ 准备面试的时候，你最需要搞定的就是你的电梯演说。面试的时候，面试官几乎可以肯定会问你：“谈谈你自己好吗？”。你得准备好天衣无缝的展示你的电梯演说：你是什么样的人，你的工作性质是什么，你的诉求，为什么要追寻你的诉求，你最喜欢自己工作的哪些方面，为什么你适合这个新工作岗位？电梯演说不要太长或太短。根据面试的时间长短，你的电梯演说应该持续2到10分钟，这是你控制面试走向的最好机会。
你要通过电梯演说表现出最佳的自己，并且将你希望面试官注意的地方浓笔重墨。你得经常和朋友一起多练习电梯演说，并参加尽可能多的面试，一直练到自己耳熟能详。
11.详细记录求职过程
我认为，整个求职过程的精心管理至关重要。可以建立一个电子表格或小型数据库（找一个易于使用的应用软件，例如Airtable），记录所有你正在考虑申请，已经申请，已经和猎头联系，已经处在面试过程中的每一个公司。记录下来公司的地址，联系方式，你在招聘过程中的位置，以及和公司各种互动的记录。坚持写求职笔记，比如和猎头联系后有多久没有回音？面试后是否按时发送了感谢电子邮件？什么时候应该发送后续电子邮件？是否被公司拒绝？都记录下来。你很有可能会同时处在与不同公司的不同申请阶段，非常可能乱中出错。如果没有软件帮助会非常混乱。
有效的管理会使你运筹帷幄，准备好抓住每一个机会。
祝你好运！
英文原版：
A Young Professional’s Tips for Job Hunting 
By Michelle Lu, Class of 2018
Michelle Lu is a member of the 2018 class majoring Media Arts and Science. She has been a product manager in the healthcare technology space for the last two years. She just accepted a new job with significant compensation growth and increased job responsibility.
The coronavirus has created an unprecedented and unforeseen change in our economy and job market. Many companies have implemented hiring freezes, as the economic impact of the virus remains uncertain. Job searching is more difficult than ever. As someone who has recently transitioned to a new job in the midst of this pandemic, here are my top tips for finding a new corporate job during the coronavirus (and even at other times):
1. Update your LinkedIn
If you don’t already have a LinkedIn page, you should create one. LinkedIn is the best place for professional networking and job searching. Almost everybody in the white collar, corporate world has a profile there. This is where most recruiters will go if they have a job opening and are looking for good candidates to submit to the hiring manager.
Once you’ve created your profile, make sure to make your profile as detailed as possible. Put your education, your GPA (if you are an expecting or recent college graduate), your work experience (with a detailed description of your responsibilities and achievements), and anything else that may be relevant. The major difference between a LinkedIn profile and a resume is that there is no space or word limit on LinkedIn - you can put as much detail as you like (even multimedia files). However, it is important to keep your LinkedIn profile curated and uncluttered.
When you write the description of your work experience, make sure to include key buzzwords from the industry or job that you are aiming for. This will make it easier for recruiters and recruiting software to find you and match you to relevant opportunities.
Once you have finished curating your profile, update your profile settings to ‘Open to Opportunities (Visible to Recruiters Only)’. This tells recruiters that you are open to being contacted about a new opportunity. If you have a detailed LinkedIn profile, recruiters are much more likely to contact you.
Additionally, join any LinkedIn groups that apply to your situation. For example, if there is a LinkedIn group for your college alumnae, join that group. This will expand your network of connections.
2. Update your resume
Most likely you already have a resume. The general rule of thumb is that a resume should only be one page long. You must curate your resume to tell the story you want to present. Cut out anything that is irrelevant to your immediate goal, even if it is something that may be important to you. For example, if you are applying for a job in tech consulting, there is no need to include your participation in the Jazz band in college. If you are still struggling to fit everything into one page, consider some formatting magic - shorten the margins, decrease the font size, and try to be as efficient as possible with your wording.
For the best result, find or build a template that displays your information in a friendly, eye catching way. Most people only scan your resume for a few seconds before moving on. Make sure the most important information is the most eye catching (at the top, bolded, in a bright color, etc), and make sure to include eye catching industry buzzwords. As a word of warning - don’t make your resume too colorful. Although color can be an effective way to catch someone’s attention, it can be difficult to read a multi-color resume if it has been printed on a black and white printer.
When deciding how to describe your work experience, try to quantify your successes and accomplishments whenever possible. Did you cut costs by 10%? Increase revenue by 20%? Although everyone knows that it was mostly teamwork and as a junior member your contribution may not be critical, this allows a hiring manager to have an easier time justifying their potential investment in you. Additionally, instead of passive words like “Got, Did, Made, etc”, use strong action words like “Orchestrated, Coordinated, Engineered, Implemented, etc” to make your resume more energetic.
Before sending out your resume, make sure that you ask people close to you to take a look and give you feedback. They may catch a small mistake that you missed, or have a suggestion for a better way to frame something. Sometimes, what makes sense to you may not make sense to your reader.
3. Create a personal website (if applicable)
Creating a personal website is a great way to showcase your skills. If you are looking for a job in a creative field, this is crucial. A website can showcase your portfolio, projects, and accomplishments. For most people, using something like WordPress or Squarespace can make the process of creating a website much easier. For inspiration, simply google some examples of other people’s personal websites. Once you have built your personal website, you can add the link to your resume and to your LinkedIn. Be sure to keep your personal website up-to-date and in sync with your resume and Linkedin profile.
4. Begin job searching
Now that you have all of the right materials, where do you look? Because of the coronavirus pandemic, there are certain industries that are affected more than others. Do some research on the economic news. For example, the travel industry is hurting deeply right now. Events or businesses involving close personal interaction are also struggling and will likely continue to struggle.
Consumer facing businesses such as retail (clothing, furniture, etc) will likely face trouble as Americans hunker down and tighten their purse strings. Technology or apps that are consumer facing and not necessities will likely suffer as Americans cut their spending.
Right now, the most insulated types of companies are B2B, or business to business companies in industries such as the healthcare industry, teleworking software, and financial industry. B2B companies sell services to other businesses, not consumers.  Look for companies that are in industries least impacted or even thriving under the current environment and target those companies. They are the least likely to have implemented hiring freezes. Some are hiring like crazy.
5. Apply for jobs online
Applying online is the easiest way to apply for jobs. However, it also has the lowest success rate. Don’t rely solely on online applications when looking for a job. LinkedIn is a good place to find job listings, as are ZipRecruiter, Glassdoor, Indeed, etc. However, once you locate a particular job ad, apply through the company’s own website rather than through the quick apply option of these websites.
One trick is to copy and paste about 40 to 60% of the job description into your resume in size 1 font in white text (so that nobody can see it). The reason is because most online applications are filtered by software before a human even sees them. How do software filter resumes? By matching it to the job description. This at least ensures that your resume will be seen by a human, which is half of the success nowadays.
Additionally, if you are interested in a particular industry, do some research on that industry’s leading newsletters. Subscribe to those newsletters and keep up with the news - the names of prominent leading companies will appear in different articles. Keep an eye out - if the company has recently closed a huge deal or raised a large amount of investment, it’s likely they will be looking to hire! Go to their careers page and see what is available.
6. Find a connection
Let's say you find a job ad that is extremely interesting and seems like a perfect fit for you. How do you get your foot in the door?
Go to LinkedIn and keyword search the company name, and then search for its employees. LinkedIn will tell you if you have a connection working at that company. If you feel comfortable, craft a LinkedIn message to that person asking to talk to them about their company. If you don’t have any mutual connections, do not worry! First, search LinkedIn to see if anybody from your alma mater works at the company. If so, craft a LinkedIn message to that person asking to talk to them about their company. If you have access to an alumnae directory, you can even search for their contact information and email them. If that doesn’t work, see if you have a mutual connection with someone who works at the company, and ask that mutual connection to introduce you.
When crafting your message, make sure to introduce yourself briefly, bring up your mutual connection / interest / etc, tell them that you are interested in working at their company (if there is a specific role, you can mention it) and ask if they would be willing to have a 15 minute call with you. Do not ask them for a job and do not ask them to refer you - this will look self serving! You two do not know each other yet. This method of reaching out is much more effective than cold messaging.
If you do receive a response, make sure to set up a call as soon as you can. Prepare questions beforehand - about their role, the company, etc. Limit the call to 15-30 minutes - do not take up too much of their time! Afterwards, thank them for their help and insight. If the call went well, they will likely offer to forward your resume and information to HR or to the hiring manager. In that case, send them your resume! Now you know that a real person will be looking at your resume for the position and it is much more likely you will get an interview.
7. Cold messaging

Let’s say there is nobody at that company who you have any kind of connection with. There is still hope! Search the employees of the company on LinkedIn and find the names of the recruiters / HR, as well as the potential hiring manager for the position. For example, if you are looking at a product management position, look for someone who is listed as the director of product management or VP of product management.
Contact those people - if you have LinkedIn Premium, you can use your inMail credits to contact them. However, a more effective way is to email them at their work email. Usually, companies have a specific pattern for their employee emails. For example - [email protected], or [email protected], etc. Use a website like hunter.io or a chrome extension like Clearbit, which trawls the internet for emails with the company domain, to find out the structure of that company’s emails and guess the employee’s email. There is a good chance that you will guess correctly.
When writing a cold email like this, keep it short and sweet. Start by introducing yourself briefly and telling them who you are, what you do, and what opportunities you are looking for. Attach your resume and thank them for their time.
8. Go to job fairs and meet up groups
In the age of coronavirus induced social distancing, large groups of people are no longer allowed to congregate in one closed space. However, that doesn’t mean you can’t participate! Plenty of companies and organizations are hosting virtual job fairs and meet ups that you can attend.
The first step is to find those groups in your area. What type of job are you looking for? It’s likely there are professional groups that exist for that role. What type of industry are you looking to be in? It’s likely there are professional groups that exist for that industry. Are you a woman? Are you queer? It’s likely there are professional groups that exist for your specific identity. Find those organizations, sign up, and attend their events. Frequently, they have online job listings, virtual job fairs, and virtual networking that are free to attend (or that you can attend for a small fee).
If you do meet someone during one of these events, make sure to keep in touch with them. Connect with them on LinkedIn. You never know if they might end up being able to help you along with your job search.
9. Ask your circle
One of the best ways to find a job is through your circle! Let everybody in your circle know that you are looking for a job. Ask your previous supervisors, your friends, the mentors in your life, etc - anybody that you know - if they can give you advice, if they know of any opportunities, or if they can introduce you to someone at your dream company. Ask, and you shall receive.
10. Killing the interview
When it comes to job searching, it is important to cast as wide a net as possible. It’s ok if you’re not sure: when in doubt, apply! And if you do get an interview offer, never turn it down, even if you are almost certain you would never actually work for the company or take the position. You may change your mind after the interview. Take every opportunity to practice interviewing! That way, when your dream job comes along, you will be ready and prepared to kill the interview!
The most important thing you need to prepare before any interview is your elevator pitch. It’s almost a certainty that the interviewer will ask you - “So, tell me more about yourself”. Make sure that you are prepared to launch seamlessly into your pitch - who you are, what you do, what you’re looking for, and why you are looking for it. What do you love about what you do? Why would you be a good fit for the job? It should not be too long or too short. Depending on the length of an interview, your elevator pitch can last from two to ten minutes. This is the best place to control your agenda. You want to make sure you tell a story that shines the best light on you, and highlights the areas that you want the interviewer to notice. Practice giving this elevator pitch with friends, and in as many interviews as you can until it becomes second nature to you.
11. Track everything
It is my belief that planning is crucial when it comes to job searching. Create a spreadsheet or a small database on an easy to use app such as Airtable of all of the opportunities you are considering applying to, you have applied to, that a recruiter has reached out to you about, or that you are in the middle of interviewing for.
Track the name of the company, where they are located, the point of contact, where you are in the interview process, and any notes specific to that company. How long have you not heard back after contacting them? Have you sent thank-you emails on time? When should you send a follow-up email? Did they reject you? Write those notes down. Most likely you will be at different parts of the application process for different companies, and it can become confusing and difficult to track without software help. This will allow you to be on top of everything and make sure you are ready and prepared for the next steps for each opportunity.
Good luck! 
作者Michelle Lu ，韦尔斯利2018届媒体艺术与科学专业（Media Arts and Sciences）毕业生。她大学毕业后在医药高技术行业已经做了两年产品经理。近来她刚刚加盟了一家新公司，独挑大梁，担纲产品经理（Product Manager）。
译者比尔老师，毕业于北京大学生物系，后获埃默里大学MBA学位并从事大学管理工作多年，现从事医药顾问工作。
图片来自网络。
更多精彩：
相关阅读：
年薪超10万$！USNews官方认证美国研究生高薪岗位盘点
Sora大火！AI成各顶级名校新晋爆火专业！下一代留学生该如何选择专业？
《华尔街日报》：美国劳动力长期短缺，企业尝试放宽招聘标准
作者：认识韦尔斯利,转自：女生留学。本文经授权转载。本文版权归属作者和原载媒体所有。
继续阅读
阅读原文