中国式现代化“愿望清单”之三：中国少年想让航天员在太空喝上新鲜鱼汤

■ 导言

岁末年初，是回顾与期待之时。这一年，社会经历了各种发展，每个中国老百姓的生活都有各种各样的变化，这些变化的背后是对中国式现代化道路的探索与实践。

The end of the year and the start of a new one is a time for reflection and anticipation. Throughout 2023, the Chinese society has undergone various developments and changes, behind which manifests the exploration and practice of Chinese path to modernization.

为此，环球时报推出老百姓的中国式现代化“愿望清单”系列，从“更具象的共识、更富生机的农村、更具想象力的创新、更为均衡的教育、更有尊严的晚年和更有底气的保障、更加自信的文明”六个角度捕捉中国社会各个领域、各个维度的变化与成就，以普通民众的经历、故事和梦想展现中国式现代化是具有中国特色、符合中国实际的现代化，是实现中华民族伟大复兴的光明大道。

In light of this, the Global Times is launching a series that elaborates on this unique path through the stories of ordinary people's New Year wishes. These wishes serve as a window to the changes in and achievements of Chinese society as Chinese modernization has brought Chinese people more concrete consensus, a more vibrant countryside, more imaginative innovation, more balanced education, a more dignified old age with stronger security, and a more confident civilization. This shows that Chinese modernization is the prerequisite and driving force for the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.

本文是“愿望清单”系列的第三期，讲述广东佛山的一群中学生许下“让航天员在太空喝上鱼汤”的愿望，他们通过不断的创意构想与科学实验，带着对广袤天穹的向往和对中国科技进步的自豪，在心底埋下了一颗踏上“星辰大海”征途的种子。

This is the third installment in the "Wish List" series, sharing the story of a group of secondary school students in Foshan, South China's Guangdong Province, who made a wish to "let taikonauts enjoy fresh fish soup in space." With their yearning for the vast universe, and their pride in China's scientific and technological progress, they have planted exploratory seeds in their hearts to embark on a journey to the sea of stars, through continuous scientific experiments that attempt to turn their creative ideas into reality. Their ambitious dream displays a country with more imaginative innovation propelled by Chinese modernization.

2023年11月25日，广东珠海太空中心，参观者看向由中国航天科技集团提供全国独有的“天宫”空间站T型1:1展示舱图：视觉中国

“把弹涂鱼送上中国空间站”

'Send marlins to China's space station'

李诗仪经常会做一个奇幻而又真实的梦，在梦中，她的鱼在太空失重的环境下“飞”了起来。几乎每天放学，李诗仪都会去实验室看看他们自制培养箱里的弹涂鱼，看着它们时而在泥沙和水里灵活地游动，时而安静地趴在培养箱的透明箱壁上。

Li Shiyi often has a dream that is both fantastic and real. In the dream, her fish "fly" in the zero-gravity environment of space.Nearly every day after school, the 17-year-old would go to the lab and check on the school of marlins in their artificial incubators, watching them swim nimbly in the sand and water, or lie quietly on the transparent walls of the incubators.

今年17岁，就读于广东省大沥高级中学的她时常幻想，有一天，她的培养箱不再是被放在学校实验室里，而是被送上中国空间站。在距地球40万米的高空，被精心养育的弹涂鱼，最后出现在空间站航天员的餐桌上，成为美味的晚餐。

She often imagined that one day, instead of being placed in the school lab, the incubator would be sent to China's Tiangong Space Station. At an altitude of 400,000 meters above the earth, the carefully raised marlins would eventually appear on Taikonauts' dinner table.

终于，李诗仪的梦想开始发芽开花。在今年5月的首届国际空间科学与载荷大赛上，她和其他四名学生所组成的团队，分享了他们“空间站培育多代弹涂鱼实验研究”项目的畅想，并获得了铜奖。

Li has taken the first step toward fulfilling her dream. At the First International Space Science and Scientific Payload Competition (ISSSP) in May this year, Li and four other students shared their project of "experimental study on the cultivation of multiple generations of marlin in the space station," and won the bronze prize.

据大赛主办方介绍，通过该项赛事遴选出的优胜项目，将被推荐作为中国空间站、国际空间站、科学卫星等飞行搭载候选项目。

According to the ISSSP organizers, some of the winning projects selected through the competition will be recommended as candidates for a flight to the Tiangong Space Station, the International Space Station, and other scientific satellites.

Photo: VCG

数月过去，李诗仪对《环球时报》记者回忆起这段参赛经历，依然难掩兴奋。“真期待我们提出的实验项目能被采纳，送去空间站，让航天员喝上新鲜的鱼汤！”

"We are looking forward to seeing our experimental project would be adopted," Li told the Global Times with excitement. "I really hope that our taikonauts will enjoy fresh fish soup in China's space station."

2023年5月11日，大沥高级中学的两支参赛队伍在首届国际空间科学与载荷大赛决赛后合影留念图：大沥高级中学陈泓宇

“参赛热情比预期高了不少”

The enthusiasm for the competition has been much higher than expected

首届国际空间科学与载荷大赛（以下简称载荷大赛）由中国电子学会、北京理工大学、国际宇航科学院、中国宇航学会、中国航天基金会共同发起，是目前国内首个面向全球汇集并培育优秀空间科学与载荷技术人才与项目的国际化航天竞赛。这项赛事吸引了不同年龄段的学生踊跃参与，许多团队提交了充满想象力和创新精神的实验项目。

The first ISSSP, organized by the Beijing Institute of Technology, the Chinese Institute of Electronics, the International Academy of Astronautics, the China Space Foundation, and the Chinese Society of Astronautics, was the first-ever international space competition in China to gather and cultivate global talents and projects in space science and payload technology. It attracted students of all ages, and many participating teams submitted innovative experimental project ideas.

在广东省佛山市南海区，大沥高级中学从2022年9月初刚开学时，就面向高一新生发放航天知识问卷，以选拔对这一领域感兴趣并有一定知识储备的学生，组成载荷大赛的参赛团队。

Li is a student at the Dali Senior High School (Dali) in Foshan. To select candidates for the ISSSP, in September 2022, when a new semester had just started, the school issued a space knowledge questionnaire to the freshmen, so as to discover the students' interests and their related knowledge in the field.

学生们的热情超乎意料。据大沥高级中学的物理老师陈泓宇回忆，学校计划选择10人组成两支参赛队伍，结果收到200多份回答完毕的问卷，“参赛热情比预期的高了不少。”

The enthusiasm of the students surprised Chen Hongyu, a physics teacher at Dali. He recalled that the school planned to select 10 candidates to form two teams for the ISSSP, and it received more than 200 completed questionnaires.

"Their enthusiasm for the competition was much higher than expected," said Chen, who also served as the leader of Dali's participating teams for the first ISSSP.

从小看航天科普动画、对“天宫课堂”里航天员分享的内容极为感兴趣的李诗仪，对学校问卷上的航天基础知识并不陌生。她顺利成为了备战载荷大赛团队中的一员。她说，自己一直就对广袤的天空充满好奇，也希望能通过参加这次比赛，为祖国航天事业出一份小小的力，哪怕只是不甚成熟的一个想法，或是还较稚嫩的几个实验数据。

Li became one of the candidates. Always curious about the universe, Li said she hoped that by participating in this competition, she would make a small contribution to China's space industry.

参赛团队顺利组建了起来。经过详细的观察讨论，李诗仪所在的队伍选择了“太空培养弹涂鱼”作为参赛项目。他们查阅文献了解到，弹涂鱼能适应多种环境，只要身体湿润便能较长时间露出水面生活，并且弹涂鱼营养丰富，味道鲜美，未来或可满足航天员的营养需求。

The team chose "cultivation of marlin in space station" as its experimental project for the competition after discussion. They learned that the marlin can adapt to a variety of environments, and it can be exposed to the surface of water for a long time as long as its body is kept hydrated. Moreover, the marlin is a nutritious and tasty fish, which can meet the nutritional needs of astronauts.

李诗仪曾通过“天宫课堂”，看神舟十三号航天员王亚平曾介绍过关于鱼类及水稻种植的实验。“在太空养鱼”的念头，一下子跳进了她和队友们的脑海里。

Li had seen Shenzhou-13 crew member Wang Yaping introduced experiments on fish and rice cultivation through Tiangong Classroom lectures. The idea of "raising fish in space" jumped into the minds of Li and her teammates.

“航天员现在在天上享用的都是真空包装的食品，他们一定会有想喝汤的时候。”李诗仪笑道。“我们做这项实验是希望，如果他们在太空中想喝汤，就可以享用到鲜美的鱼汤。”

"Currently the taikonauts only eat vacuum-packed food, and that is not fresh enough. Fresh soups would make for a welcome change," Li told the Global Times. "We chose this project in the hope that if our taikonauts want to have soup in the space station, they will be able to enjoy fresh and delicious fish soup."

一场养鱼的实验开始了。李诗仪和队员们花了几周去设计制作弹涂鱼的培养箱。在领队老师陈泓宇的指导下，他们先后对培养箱做了十余次完善，安装了进排水口、通气口、氧气平衡装置、自动喂食装置等。虽然由于条件限制，这次养弹涂鱼是以“地球对照组预实验”的方式进行，但团队还是设计了许多考虑太空环境的小细节。

An experiment of raising fish began. The team spent weeks designing and making the marlin incubator. Under the guidance of Chen and other teachers at the school, it modified the incubator a dozen times, installing several devices including water inlets and outlets, vents, an oxygen balance device, and an automatic feeder.

“空间站的微重力环境、电离辐射条件等，都是我们要去考虑的。”陈泓宇举例说，弹涂鱼在微重力下或会飘起来，他们便在培养箱的开口处设计了一个滚动纱布装置，帮助或会飘在半空的弹涂鱼回到培养箱中的水和泥沙里。

Although the cultivation was carried out as a "controlled pre-experiment" due to limited conditions, the team still designed many small details that took the space environment into account, such as microgravity and certain ionizing radiation conditions, Chen said.

Considering that marlins may float up in microgravity, they designed a rolling gauze device at the opening of the incubator, "to help the floating marlins return to the water and sand in the incubator," he told the Global Times.

这是一个不断发现问题和解决问题的过程。在去年11月，佛山温度骤降，培养箱里的弹涂鱼一夜间全冻死了。“‘实验品’居然没了，当时大家都懵了。”陈泓宇回想起学生们当时的慌乱和气馁，耐心鼓励他们重新出发，再买幼鱼来培养记录。他们还将温度因素纳入考虑，给培养箱添加了温度调节装置。

It was a process of constant innovative problem-solving. One day in November 2022, when temperatures in Foshan plummeted, the team found that the marlins in the incubator had frozen to death overnight.

"We were all stunned," Chen recalled. He encouraged the shocked and discouraged team members to start afresh. This time, they took temperature into account, adding a temperature control device to the incubator.

5月11日，载荷大赛决赛当天，许多充满想象力、好奇心与科研精神的青少年学生汇聚一堂，“脑洞”大开。有人构想了能在空间站进行故障检测和维护的蛇形机器人，有人设想将玫瑰花送上太空诱变育种，从而产生更多珍贵的玫瑰精油……经过筛选评估后，一些项目或将真的成为飞行搭载候选项目，带着青少年无限的创意与期盼，飞向遥遥万里的太空。

On May 11, the ISSSP final gathered many young students full of imagination, curiosity, and scientific research spirit. Some participants shared their idea of inventing a snake-shaped robot that can detect and repair faults in the space station, and others shared a vision of planting roses in space for possible mutagenesis breeding, which they hoped would result in the production of precious rose essential oil.

作为中学组的参赛者，“太空培养弹涂鱼”团队在决赛上介绍了他们历时数月的养鱼经历和相关数据，并回答由现场专家提出的问题。

As participants in the secondary school group, Li's team presented data and observations from several months of marlin-raising experience, and answered questions raised by on-site experts.

“其中一位专家问我们，吃完的鱼骨头要怎么处理？”李诗仪对《环球时报》记者回忆。“我们回答说，这刚好是我们下一个团队将要研究的内容——生活垃圾在太空中如何处理。”

One of the experts asked the team what it would do with the leftover fish bones, Li said. "And we answered: that is exactly what our school's next team is going to be looking into - how to handle the household waste in space."

2023年5月11日，大沥高级中学“太空培养弹涂鱼”团队在首届国际空间科学与载荷大赛决赛上介绍自己的实验项目图：大沥高级中学陈泓宇

Student representatives witness the spectacular take-off of the Long March 7 rocket at Wenchang Space Launch Site in Hainan Province on May 10, 2023. Photos: Fan Wei/GT

“将生活垃圾变废为宝”

'Turn waste into treasure'

李诗仪所在的大沥高级中学，是全国国防教育示范学校与全国航天特色学校，重视对学生科技创新能力和对航天知识兴趣的培养。

As a national defense and aerospace education demonstration school, Dali attaches great importance to the cultivation of students' scientific and technological innovation abilities and interests, particularly in aerospace knowledge.

据该校化学老师赖嘉俊介绍，学校会不定期举办院士来校讲座、航天主题研学、航天科技节等活动。“科技节上，学生们可以自由使用学校提供的材料，开‘脑洞’做一些好玩的东西，比如空气炮、水火箭、‘火焰掌’等等。”

After class, the school organizes lectures given by academicians from the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Chinese Academy of Engineering, and interactive events like aerospace science and technology festivals are hosted, said the school's chemistry teacher Lai Jiajun. "At the festival, students are free to use the experimental materials provided by the school, and make some fun things from their imagination, such as air cannons, water rockets, and 'fire palms,'" Lai introduced.

赖嘉俊是第二届载荷大赛中，大沥高级中学参赛队伍的领队。第二届大赛正在进行各地的选拔赛，大沥派出了三支参赛团队，分别提交了在空间站种植黄瓜、草药和处理生活垃圾的实验项目。大家开玩笑称，“处理生活垃圾”的项目就像上一届“弹涂鱼”项目的“售后服务”，负责思考解决鱼骨等生活垃圾的去处。

Lai is leading Dali's three participating teams for the second ISSSP, which he said is in the local trial phase. Dali's three teams submitted experimental project ideas on the cultivations of cucumbers and herbs, and the handling of household waste in the space station. The teams joked that the household waste project is like an "after-sales service" born from the previous marlin project, on how to deal with household waste such as fish bones.

“太空资源都是有限的，如果能把这些资源进行循环利用，将生活垃圾变废为宝，这会是个很不错的想法。”赖家俊告诉《环球时报》记者，“处理生活垃圾”这一项目的学生团队，已经做了许多实验，他们将各种食物残渣放在箱子里进行发酵，观察产生的液体或气体，分析它们的成分，并思考其中可循环利用的价值。

"Space resources are limited. It would be a great idea to recycle these resources and turn household waste into treasure," Lai told the Global Times. He shared that this project's team has done many experiments, and their efforts included putting various food scraps in different boxes for fermentation, observing the resulting liquid or gas, analyzing their composition, and considering the possible values of recycling them.

在和参赛学生接触的日子里，赖家俊充分感受到了这群十六七岁少年的活跃的思维，以及对科学充沛的热情。“一开始他们觉得，航空航天，或者大国的科技创新，这类话题这些好像离他们高中生很遥远。但随着在参加比赛中不断地提出设想、做实验论证，他们的想象力与科学探究的热情被激发，渐渐也觉得，自己真的可以为这些宏大的话题做些什么。”

In the days spent with the team members, Lai said he has fully felt the active thinking of these 16- and 17-year-olds, as well as their abundant enthusiasm for science.

"At the beginning, they thought that technological innovation in a large country in fields like aerospace science is something too big and far away," said Lai. "As they continued to put forward ideas and do experiments under the project, their imagination and enthusiasm for scientific inquiry were stimulated, and they gradually felt that they could really do something for these grand topics."

在团队中，赖家俊常常会鼓励学生更勇敢自信一点。“我和他们说，（国家强大的科技实力）就是你们背后的无穷动力。再努力一些，说不定哪天，中国航空航天事业里就有你们的一席之地呢？”赖家俊告诉《环球时报》记者。

2021年4月29日，搭载着中国空间站天和核心舱的长征五号B遥二运载火箭，在我国文昌航天发射场点火升空图：视觉中国

Tianzhou-6 cargo spacecraft mounted on a Long March 7 carrier rocket blasts off on the evening of May 10, 2023. Photo: Fan Wei/GT

“我们的征途是星辰大海”

Ambitious journey commenced

“我们的征途是星辰大海！”这是很多学校在宣传载荷大赛时，放在醒目位置的一句“广告语”，也是在中国Z世代青年中非常流行的一句话。它是无数中国人，尤其年轻人，对中国航天向广阔宇宙进发的豪情愿景，与对中华民族千百年来飞天探月梦想的热切期许。

"Our journey is the sea of stars!" This is an "advertising slogan" placed in prominent positions by many schools when they promote the ISSSP. It is also a very popular saying among China's Generation Z, and a heroic vision of numerous Chinese people, especially the young, for the Chinese nation for thousands of years to further explore the vast universe.

在这些年轻而炽热的期许背后，是中国迅猛发展的航天事业与亿万国人美好的“双向奔赴”。仅2023年一年，中国航天就留下了诸多“高光时刻”—— 神舟十六号发射，执行中国空间站应用与发展阶段的首次载人飞行任务；神舟十五号与神舟十四号航天员乘组首次实现“太空会师”；神舟十七号与神舟十六号两个乘组胜利会面，我国第一批、第二批和第三批航天员首次在中国空间站同框……

Behind their vision is China's rapid development of the space industry in recent years. In 2023 alone, China's space exploration has witnessed many highlights, such as the launch of manned spaceship Shenzhou-16, the first crewed mission of the application and development stage of China's first space station Tiangong, the milestone meeting of Shenzhou-14 and Shenzhou-15 taikonauts at the Tiangong, and the meeting of Shenzhou-16 and Shenzhou-17 crews, facilitating a space reunion for China's six taikonauts.

不少科学工作者与教育学者告诉《环球时报》记者，新一代的中国青少年对于科学话题有着更多的求知欲，更丰富的知识储备，与更自由活跃的想象力。是近年来国家各领域巨大的科技进步给了他们底气，让他们能更积极自信地在科学的世界探索与徜徉。

Many scientists and educators shared with the Global Times that China's young generation has more curiosity about scientific topics, a richer knowledge reserve, and a freer imagination. They noted that it is the great scientific and technological progress in various fields of the country in recent years that has given them confidence, enabling them to more actively and positively explore the world of science.

中国科学技术大学科技传播系副主任、合肥微尺度物质科学国家研究中心副研究员袁岚峰，是一名拥有数百万“粉丝”的科普博主。在一篇去年8月的新媒体文章里，袁岚峰分享了他和一群五年级和七年级学生的一次关于量子话题的交流活动。

Scientist Yuan Lanfeng, associate research fellow at the Hefei National Research Center of Microscale Material Science, and deputy director of the Department of Science and Technology of Communication and Policy at the University of Science and Technology of China, is also an internet influencer popularizing science to millions of social media followers.In an article published online in August 2022, Yuan mentioned a sharing session he had with some fifth- and seventh-graders on quantum topics.

在活动中，这些年纪尚小的学生提出来的各种问题，让袁岚峰印象深刻甚至欣喜：“既然量子密码不可破解，假如敌人用了量子密码，那我们怎么办？”“量子计算机的原理是用一个量子体系来模拟数学问题，那么是不是可以用一个量子体系来模拟另一个物理体系？”“‘墨子号’量子卫星能不能探测暗物质？”……

Some of the questions the students raised during the session highly impressed Yuan: Since the quantum code cannot be cracked, what would we do if an enemy used the quantum code? The principle of a quantum computer is to use a quantum system to simulate a mathematical problem, so can we use a quantum system to simulate a physical system? Can the Chinese satellite Micius (Mozi) detect dark matter? ...

“这届小朋友是我见到的提问最有深度的！”袁岚峰在文章中赞叹道。

"The children raised the best and deepest questions I've ever heard among their peers," Yuan praised in the article.

袁岚峰告诉《环球时报》记者，关注他科普内容的读者中，有不少都是青少年朋友，大家最感兴趣的话题不仅包括量子、核聚变等科学知识，也有诸如“中国科技在世界上的地位”“中美间的科技差距或各自优势”的探讨。

He told the Global Times that many of his followers are young people, who not only pay much attention to topics including scientific insight in quantum and nuclear fusion, but also are interested in discussions such as "the status of China's science and technology in the world" and "the science and technology gap between China and the US, or the respective advantages of the two countries."

“青少年对科学有浓厚兴趣是好事，这反映了新一代中国年轻人受教育程度的提高、对世界的好奇心的增强，也体现了科技创新在经济、政治、社会等方面重要性的不断提升。”

"It is good to know that the Chinese youth have a strong interest in science," said Yuan. "It reflects China's new generation's better education and greater curiosity about the world, as well as the growing importance of scientific and technological innovation in China's economic, political, and social development."

李诗仪是千百万喜爱科学、向往航天的中国青少年中的一员。她小时候看莱特兄弟造飞机的动画片，之后通过“天宫课堂”学习航天知识，对浩瀚的星空充满好奇与向往。她和无数个“他们”，见证着祖国科技的发展飞跃，也在身体力行地尝试和探索中，在心底埋下了一颗“星辰大海”的种子。

They have witnessed China's scientific and technological leap in recent years, and have started to plant seeds of "the sea of stars" in their hearts during their in-person practice of trying to gain a deeper understanding of the vast universe.

从2003年的神舟五号到今年的神舟十七号，从飞天圆梦到梦圆天宫，二十载时光，见证了中国航天事业的蝶变，书写了中华民族蓝天逐梦的绚烂新篇。探索浩瀚宇宙，加快建设航天强国，不仅为中国式现代化宏伟目标提供着坚实的保障，也赋予了新一代中国青少年更具想象力的创新精神与更瑰丽的梦想。

To explore the cosmos, developing the aerospace industry, and building China into a space power is China's eternal dream. The dream not only provides a solid guarantee for the grand goal of the Chinese path to modernization, but also gives Chinese youth a more imaginative spirit of innovation, and a grander aspiration.

2024年将近，李诗仪向《环球时报》记者分享了她的新年愿望。她期待在不久的将来，自己能去现场观摩中国航天器的发射。

Li shared her New Year's wishes for 2024 with the Global Times. One is to watch the launch of a Chinese spacecraft on site.

“我的第二个愿望是，我们培养过的弹涂鱼能和航天员一起‘飞’到更远的地方。”李诗仪笑道。“我期待着有一天，自己也能成为通往星辰大海梦想道路上的同行人。”

"The other wish is that our marlins will 'fly' further with the taikonauts," she smiled. "Maybe in one day, I can become a fellow traveler on the dream journey to the sea of stars."