what we need to do is…后面要不要加to?
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考研英语写作社群里面有同学提到了一个问题:what we need to do is...后面应该用动词原形还是不定式?
这是一个非常好的问题,因为平时我们经常会遇到类似这样的结构,比如all we need to do is…,what he wants to do is…
对于what we need to do is…这一句式,后面的表语可以省略不定式符号to,比如我们可以说:What we need to do is (to) work hard.
但并不是所有的情况都可以省略to,只有满足下面条件才能省略:在主语部分中必须含有动词do(或者does, did, done),比如上面句子what we need to do is…,句子中的主语部分就含有动词do。又比如《卫报》文章里面有这样的句子:
Rob seemed so different from the young Tom – he was big and bluff, and didn’t care what he said to anybody. All he wanted to do was protect and support his family (Tom has two younger brothers).
句子中protect前面省略了to,之所以能省略是因为主语部分all he wanted to do含有动词do。
但如果主语部分中不含动词do,那么此时to就不能省略,比如同样是《卫报》文章中的句子:
In part, they sometimes just don’t understand very well how politics and parliament work. But also, all they want is to stay in parliament…
句子中主语部分all they want不包含do,因此后面动词不定式的to不能省略。
那么what we need to do is…后面加不加to有什么区别呢?国外语言问答论坛WordReference Forum有老外提到,在口语中不加to的情况会更多,因为加了之后会显得累赘。
除了上面的结构之外,还有一些情况下动词不定式也可以省略to。比如介词but和except后面可以和不带to的动词不定式连用,例如:She does nothing but (to) grumble all day long.
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