在辞旧迎新之际，特朗普和梅姨都发表了新年致辞。
特朗普用美式英语着重回顾了自己2017的功绩，梅姨用英式英语着重展望了2018年英国在民生和外交领域的大事。
两段演讲完全不同，但我们发现两个人都特别喜欢用同一个的前缀——在两人演讲中出现了5次！先来听听两人的新年致辞。

My fellow Americans as we approach the final days of the year it is truly incredible to think of how much we have accomplished on our journey together.
Since the election we have created more than 2 million jobs for hardworking wonderful families and wonderful Americans,
Unemployment is at a 17-year, low the stock market is at an all-time high and continues to go up up up we want to keep it going
We've liberated the American economy from the Washington overreach cutting regulations for every one new regulation the most in the history of our country by far
And just last week we delivered a big beautiful Christmas present to the American people
Congress passed massive tax cuts for millions of working American families and small businesses and large businesses and those large businesses in particular coupled with others are going to create jobs
Our tax plan is focused on the middle class including a near doubling of the standard deduction and a huge increase in the child tax credit
A typical family of four earning $75,000 will see their tax bill cut in half one half of what you are paying and Americans will begin seeing these tax cuts in their paychecks starting in February
In addition our border is now strong we'll be building the wall your second amendment is safe
We're unlocking America's vast energy resources, we've restored enforcement of immigration laws taken the fight right to ms-13 and getting them out of the country and we are now working with congress to end chain migration and the visa lottery program which is terrible and brings in people that we don't want in our country
I'm very proud of the choice of justice Neal Gorsuch on the supreme court and we are reshaping the entire judiciary for many decades to come
Congress has authorized funding for our military at near-record levels so that we can rebuild our full military right after years of dangerous cuts and depletion of our military
We've made historic strides in the fight against the murderers terror group known as ISIS today
The coalition to defeat ISIS has recaptured nearly 100 percent of the  territory once held by these vile terrorists in Iraq and Syria
We are rebuilding our nation, rebuilding our confidence and rebuilding our standing in the world today
The entire world can see that America is coming back and coming back strong the American people are excited about the future and the incredible possibilities that await all of us
Optimism is everywhere enthusiasm is booming and the thrilling American adventure has never looked brighter we are facing all challenges with new solutions and we are seizing new opportunities with brimming confidence and boundless resolve because of you your patriotism your devotion your love for your family
We will be able to pass on the blessings of American liberty and prosperity to our children and our grandchildren together we are protecting our magnificent heritage and reaching for glorious destiny finally Melania and i want to wish every American a very happy new year
Our country is great our country is strong we're doing things that nobody thought possible
Thank you for giving me the opportunity to help god bless you and god bless America.
对英国而言，2017年是进步的一年
2017 has been a year of progress for the United Kingdom.
在1月，我提出了英国退欧谈判的目标
In January, I set out our objectives for the Brexit negotiations,
在那之后的几个月里，我们一直在追求固定的目标
and in the months since we have pursued them with steady purpose.
在三月，我们触发了《里斯本条约》第五十条
In March we triggered Article 50,
把英国人民的决定付诸行动
putting the decision of the British people into action.
12月，我们与欧盟伙伴就第一个阶段的谈判达成了协议
In December we reached agreement on the first phase of negotiations with our EU partners.
下一年，我们将继续讨论贸易和安全的重要问题
Next year we will move on to the vital issues of trade and security,
我有决心，我们将在2018年继续取得进展
and I am determined that we will keep up our progress in 2018.
因为无论你在公投中以哪一种方式投票
Because whichever way you voted in the referendum,
大多数人只是希望政府能够继续，并执行好英国脱欧
most people just want the government to get on and deliver a good Brexit,
这正是我们正在做的
and that's exactly what we are doing.
成功脱欧至关重要
Making a success of Brexit is crucial,
但这不会是我们的雄心壮志的上限
but it will not be the limit of our ambitions.
我们也必须在现在的问题上做一些改变
We also have to carry on making a difference here and now on the issues
这些问题对人们的日常生活很重要
that matter to people's daily lives.
这意味着要建设适合未来的经济
That means building an economy fit for the future
采取平衡的方式来处理政府开支
and taking a balanced approach to government spending,
所以我们的债务减少了
so we get our debt falling
但也可以投资于那些重要的事务
but can also invest in the things that matter,
我们的学校、我们的警察和我们宝贵的国民健康保险制度
our schools, our police and our precious NHS.
我们的目标很简单：在全国各地都有更多好的工作岗位
Our goal is simple: more good jobs in every part of the country,
还有更多让年轻人出人头地的机会
and more opportunities for young people to get on in life.
迈向美好未来的第一步是进入一个好的学校
The first step to a better future is getting a place at a good school.
这是每个父母都期望的
It's what every parent expects,
也是每个孩子都应该得到的
and it's what every child deserves.
所以我们会建立更多好的学校
So we will build more good schools,
密切关注学校标准和纪律
keep a tight focus on standards and discipline,
并给予我们出色的老师更多的帮助和支持
and give more help and support to our fantastic teachers.
我们将建造更多的房屋
We will build more homes,
以此让住房变得越来越便宜，让越来越多的家庭可以继续生活
so housing becomes more affordable and more families can get on,
让他们渐渐买得起房子
and climb up, the housing ladder.
我们将为下一代保护我们的自然环境
And we will protect and enhance our natural environment for the next generation.
2018年是对我们珍爱的机构而言非常特殊的一年
2018 is a special year in the life of one of our most cherished institutions,
我们将庆祝英国国民医疗保健制度的70周年
as we will celebrate the 70th birthday of our National Health Service.
这是我们再次献身于它的创始理想的一年
It is a year to rededicate ourselves to its founding ideal:
无论收入如何，人人都可以享受到良好的医疗保健
that good healthcare should be available to everyone, regardless of income.
这是一个赞扬我们伟大的国民保健服务人员的关怀和同情的机会
And it's a chance to celebrate the care and compassion of our wonderful NHS staff.
我们将继续投资我们的国民健康保险制度
We will continue to invest in our NHS
确保它能在未来几代人的世界里提供世界级的服务
and ensure it can deliver a world-class service now and for generations to come.
在我们纪念第一次世界大战结束一百周年之际
As we mark the centenary of the end of the First World War,
我们要牢记这场冲突的巨大牺牲
and remember the tremendous sacrifices of that conflict,
英国仍将是世界和平与秩序的维护者
the UK will remain a champion of peace and order around the world.
我们将与我们的盟友一道，继续打击一切形式的极端主义
Together with our allies, we will continue the fight against all forms of extremism,
并支持我们的安全服务，因为他们每天都在保证我们的安全
and support our security services as they work every day to keep us safe.
当我们在四月主持英联邦政府首脑会议时
When we host the Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting in April
我们将与我们的合作伙伴一起解决全球问题
we'll work with our partners to tackle global problems
例如气候变化和海洋塑料垃圾
like climate change and plastic waste in our oceans.
当我们庆祝妇女第一次投票100周年时
And as we celebrate the 100th anniversary of the first votes for women,
让我们发誓消除我们社会所有的偏见和歧视
let's vow to eliminate all prejudice and discrimination from our society.
因为在2018年的英国
Because in the United Kingdom in 2018,
每个人都有获得成功的机会
everyone deserves the chance to succeed
每个人都有被尊重的权利
and everyone has a right to be treated with respect.
这意味着安全的工作场所，不受骚扰
That means safe workplaces, free from harassment.
也意味着公共领域的辩论是有建设性的，有礼貌的
And it also means a public sphere where debate is constructive and courteous,
以合乎礼仪的方式对待彼此
and where we treat each other with decency.
当然，每一年都会带来挑战
Of course any year brings its challenges,
这对我们每个人来说都是现实的
that is true for each of us personally,
我们的国家和全世界都一样
as much as for our country and the world.
但真正的考验并不是挑战是否会到来
But the real test is not whether challenges come;
而是你面对它们的方式。
it's how you face them.
无论你是否允许一项任务战胜你
Whether you allow a task to overcome you,
无论你是否有解决它的目的和决心
or tackle it head on with purpose and resolve.
我相信，2018年将是我们国家重拾信心和骄傲的一年
I believe 2018 can be a year of renewed confidence and pride in our country.
我们继续朝着成功的退欧协议取得进展的一年
A year in which we continue to make good progress towards a successful Brexit deal,
一个适合未来经济、更强大、更公平的社会
an economy that's fit for the future, and a stronger and fairer society for everyone.
无论我们面临怎样的挑战
And whatever challenges we may face,
我知道，我们将通过团结一致来战胜它们
I know we will overcome them by standing united as one proud union of nations and people.
我希望2018年对你们和你们的家庭来说都是美好的一年
I hope that 2018 is a great year for you and your family,
祝大家新年快乐
and I wish everyone a very happy new year.
猜到了吗，这个前缀就是re-。
re这个前缀，相信大家不陌生。由于好用，许多由re做前缀的词，都已经成为常用词，比如replace, reform, remain, remind, recover。
而在这两段不长的致辞中，两位不同的领导人，竟使用了restore，reshape，rebuild，rededicate，renew这5个re前缀的动词。为什么其出现频次这么高？
1. restore
We've restored enforcement of immigration laws.
我们将恢复移民执法力度
这句话出现在特朗普回顾自己2017年政绩之时，他提及了自己对美国移民政策的改革。
restore在这里，是to bring back to a former, original, or normal condition的意思。特朗普这里狠狠diss了奥巴马，暗讽“前任”在任职期间宽松的移民政策给美国带来麻烦：工作被抢了，犯罪增加了。而restore，也暗指之前政策不normal，所以他让移民法的执行恢复了常态：“restored enforcement of immigration laws” 。
2. reshape
We are reshaping the entire judiciary for many decades to come.
我们正在重塑未来几十年内的司法体系。
这也是特朗普在回顾政绩时的一句话。
听过友邻优课的小词大用的读者肯定对shape这词有印象，作动词时有塑造、影响的意思。reshape可以简单理解为重塑。
这里被reshape的Judiciary，是美国三权分立中的司法体系。在特朗普上台之后，利用法律体系的人员空缺，对司法系统进行了人事大洗牌：他提名的保守派法官戈萨奇通过议会投票（I'm very proud of the choice of Justice Neal Gorsuch on the Supreme Court），坐上最高法院大法官的位置，除此以外，其他66名由白宫提名的联邦法官当中，已有19名获得参议院的确认，填补了低等联邦法院的空缺。
由于美国的许多法官是终身制，所以这些任命很可能影响未来几十年里的美国司法系统。特朗普说"reshaping the entire judiciary for many decades to come"，倒也不算吹牛皮。
3. rebuild
We are rebuilding our nation, rebuilding our confidence and rebuilding our standing in the world today.
我们正在重建自己的国家，重建自信，重塑美国的世界地位。
回顾完政绩，特朗普开始谈目标和未来，于是出现了这句话。rebuild在此意指to restore to a previous state;to build again，是重建的意思。这里的rebuild，不禁让人想到他的那句make American great again。
美好的美国梦曾备受向往，但世界格局的改变让早已习惯做老大的美国人感到深深的失落感。
而rebuild这个词，正反映出特朗普对他接手的国家的判断，在他眼里，美国亟需重建，国人信心已经失去，美国在世界中的领导地位已然丧失。这些都需要他来rebuild。
4. rededicate
It is a year to rededicate ourselves to its founding ideal: that good healthcare should be available to everyone, regardless of income.
新的一年里，我们要再次明确国家医疗服务体系的创立之本：穷人富人，都能享受好的医保。
我们来到了梅姨的演讲。这是梅姨在谈新一年的民生目标，尤其是对医疗服务目标时的一句话。
rededicate是re加dedicate。我们知道dedicate to就是致力于的意思，rededicate to就暗含了我们应该重新回归最初决心的意思，“commit oneself to some project or idea once again”。
梅姨提到的NHS是National Health Service的缩写，即英国国家医疗服务体系，创建于1948年7月，它追求的目标是，不论个人收入多少，只根据不同需要，为人们提供全面的免费医疗服务。NHS最初设想是一切服务免费，但这种高度计划化体系的运营效率弊端很快凸显，导致了一些与设目标相悖的结果。
2018年是NHS七十周年，梅姨表示要“rededicate ourselves to its founding ideal”，也就是回归初心：不论个人收入多少，为所有人提供更高效率高质量的医疗服务。
5. renew
I believe 2018 can be a year of renewed confidence and pride in our country.
我相信，2018年将是我们国家重拾信心和骄傲的一年。
梅姨在汇报完政治经济民生的举措之后，开始鼓舞民众。她希望大家重拾信心，重拾骄傲。这里她用了renew这个词。
去年的英国遇到了许多困难，从恐袭频发到脱欧困境，无一不刺激着人们脆弱的神经。
而renew，就是重生，重拾的意思，2018 can be a year of renewed confidence，新的一年重拾信心，继续前行。
了解完这些词的使用背景之后，我们知道，这是两个需要打破各种僵化现状的国家，所以在领导人辞旧迎新的新年致辞里，多次出现re这个前缀，取re的重新开始、打破现状之意，来承诺改革、鼓舞信心，就不奇怪了。
还有哪些re开头的动词？
以re作为前缀，通常有这几种意义。第一种，re表示again，再一次、重新做。比如rearrange，rewrite，remarry，refresh等等。相信这几个词，大家一看就知道是啥意思。需要注意的是，有re为前缀的动词之后，后面就不要再加again了。
另外re表示有back的也是，表返回，拒绝。比如refuse，reverse，resist，react等等。
你还知道哪些常见的re开头的常见动词呢？
视频、致辞翻译来自互联网
—END—
编辑｜曹夏婷、张乎安
往期
英国女王圣诞演讲来了！今年她秀了秀恩爱（音频+原文）
特朗普立誓做宇宙老大，要把美国人送上火星
点击左下角“阅读原文”，了解友邻优课APP
继续阅读
阅读原文