法律翻译｜洛杉矶市《自由职业者保护条例》7月1日正式生效

本条例于《洛杉矶市政法》（Los Angeles Municipal Code）第十八章增加第10条，旨在为自由职业者提供保障。

洛杉矶市人民决定如下：

Section 1. A new Article 10 is added to Chapter XVIII of the Los Angeles Municipal Code to read as follows:

第一节 于《洛杉矶市政法》第十八章增加第10条，内容如下：

第10条 自由职业者保护条例

Freelance workers are an essential part of today’s economy and one of the fastest growing sectors of the workforce. However, freelance workers, who are not employees but independent contractors, typically do not receive the same protections as employees, including protections against wage theft. Freelance workers face challenges with payment for their services, including delayed payment, less than full payment, and non-payment. The City has an interest in ensuring that freelance workers are treated fairly and receive the compensation they are due.

第189.100款 目的

自由职业者是当前经济活动中的重要组成部分，也是劳动力增长最快的行业之一。然而，自由职业者并非雇员，而是独立承包人，通常无法享受与雇员同等的保护，包括禁止无薪加班（wage theft）的保护措施。自由职业者在获得劳务报酬方面面临各种挑战，包括延迟支付、不足额支付和拒绝支付。本市有必要确保自由职业者受到公平对待，并获得应得的报酬。

(图片源自网络）

The following definitions shall apply to this article:

A. “City” means the City of Los Angeles.

B. “DAA” or “Designated Administrative Agency” means the Office of Wage Standards of the Bureau of Contract Administration within the Department of Public Works.

C. “Freelance Worker” means an individual natural person, or an entity whose legal and beneficial interests are held entirely and whose work is performed entirely by no more than one individual natural person, hired or engaged as a bona fide independent contractor to perform services for a Hiring Entity in exchange for compensation. A Freelance Worker does not include an individual natural person or any entity that:

1. Is required by the California Business and Professions Code or other law to have a written agreement to provide services in exchange for compensation;

2. Is an Employee of the Hiring Entity under Los Angeles Municipal Code Section 187 et seq.;

3.  Agrees to perform services for a Hiring Entity for no pay; or

4. Has employees other than the one individual natural person who is the sole legal and beneficial owner.

D. “Hiring Entity” means an entity regularly engaged in business or commercial activity. A hiring entity is regularly engaged in business or commercial activity if the hiring entity owns or operates any trade or business, including a not for profit business, or represents itself as engaging in any trade, or business. A “Hiring Entity” does not include an entity that hires app-based transportation and delivery drivers to provide prearranged services.

第189.101款 定义

本条例下列用语的含义：

A. 本市，是指洛杉矶市。

B. 指定行政机构，是指公共建设部合同管理局工资标准办公室。

C. 自由职业者，是指作为合法的独立承包人被雇佣或聘用，为雇佣实体提供服务以换取报酬的自然人，或由一个自然人持有全部合法收益、完成全部工作的实体。自由职业者不包括以下自然人或实体：

1. 根据加州《商业与职业法典》或者其他法律的要求，必须签订书面协议以提供服务、获得报酬的；

2. 根据《洛杉矶市政法》第187条以下条款，是雇佣实体的雇员的；

3. 同意无偿为雇佣实体提供服务的；

4. 除作为唯一合法受益人的自然人外，有其他雇员的。

D. 雇佣实体，是指定期从事业务或商业活动的实体。如果雇佣实体拥有或经营任何贸易或业务，包括非营利性业务，或者自称从事任何贸易或业务，那么该雇佣实体就应被视为“定期从事商业或商业活动”。雇佣实体不包括使用软件雇佣运输和送货司机，以提供预先安排的服务的实体。

The provisions of this article shall apply:

A. To a written or oral contract between a Freelance Worker and a Hiring Entity entered into on or after July 1, 2023; and

B. To work performed within the City by a Freelance Worker that is entitled to payment of $600 or more in a calendar year for the same Hiring Entity.

第189.102款 适用范围

本条例适用于：

A. 自由职业者与雇佣实体之间于2023年7月1日后签订的书面或口头合同；并且

B. 自由职业者在一个自然年内于本市为同一雇佣实体完成应付报酬超过600美元的工作。

A. Any contract between a Hiring Entity and a Freelance Worker valued at $600 or more, either by itself or when aggregated with previous written or oral contracts between the Hiring Entity and the Freelance Worker in a calendar year, must be in writing.

B. The written contract shall include, at a minimum, all of the following information:

1. The name, mailing address, phone number, and, if available, email address of both the Hiring Entity and the Freelance Worker;

2. An itemization of all services to be provided by the Freelance Worker, the value of the services to be provided pursuant to the contract, and the rate and method of compensation; and

3. The date by which the hiring entity must pay the contracted compensation or the manner by which such date will be determined.

第189.103款 书面合同

A. 雇佣实体与自由职业者之间的任何合同，无论是单独，还是与雇佣实体与自由职业者在一个自然年度内先前签订的书面或口头合同累计计算，金额超过600美元的，必须以书面形式签订。

B. 书面合同应至少包括以下信息：

1.     雇佣实体和自由职业者的姓名、通讯地址、电话号码以及电子邮件地址（如有）；

2.     自由职业者将提供的所有服务的明细、合同约定的服务价值以及报酬的费率和支付方式；

3.     雇佣实体必须支付合同约定的报酬的日期，或确定该日期的方式。

A Hiring Entity must provide full payment to the Freelance Worker on or before the date specified in the written contract or, if the written contract does not specify a due date or if there is no written contract, no later than 30 calendar days after services are rendered.

第189.104款 及时付款

雇佣实体必须在书面合同约定的日期或之前向自由职业者全额付款；若书面合同没有约定日期，或者没有书面合同，则不得晚于服务提供后的30个工作日。

A Hiring Entity and Freelance Worker shall each retain written records related to this article for no less than four years, including contracts, payment records, and any other written or electronic records to demonstrate compliance.

第189.105款 记录保存

雇佣实体和自由职业者应各自保存与本条例相关的书面记录，不少于四年，包括合同、付款记录以及任何其他证明合规性的书面或电子记录。

A waiver by a Freelance Worker of any provision in this article shall be deemed contrary to public policy and shall be void and unenforceable.

第189.106款 权利不得放弃

自由职业者对本条例中任何规定的放弃应被视为违反公共政策而无效且不得强制执行。

No Hiring Entity shall discriminate or take any adverse action against a Freelance Worker that penalizes the Freelance Worker for, or is reasonably likely to deter a Freelance Worker from 1) opposing any practice proscribed by this article; 2) participating in proceedings related to this article; 3) seeking to enforce rights under this article by any lawful means; or 4) otherwise asserting or attempting to assert rights under this article.

第189.107款 禁止报复行为

任何雇佣实体不得歧视或采取任何不利行动，以惩罚自由职业者的下列行为；或者有合理可能性会阻止自由职业者进行下列行为：1）反对本条例所禁止的任何做法；2）参与与本条例有关的诉讼程序；3）通过合法手段维护本条例项下的权利；或者4）以其他方式主张或试图主张本条例项下的权利。

A.Reporting Violations. A Freelance Worker may file a complaint with the DAA or bring a civil action to enforce or recover damages for any alleged violation of this article. A Freelance Worker is not required to file a complaint with the DAA before filing a civil action for any violation of this article. Any complaint with the DAA must be filed on or before the one year anniversary of an alleged violation of this Article irrespective of the civil statute of limitations.

B.DAA’s Response. The DAA may contact the Hiring Entity named in any complaint filed under Section 189.108.A to inform the Hiring Entity of the requirements of this article and to request information and documents relating to any complaint received. The DAA shall provide to the Freelance Worker all the relevant documentation received from the Hiring Entity. The DAA may provide information and resources to assist the Freelance Worker, including but not limited to:

1.Information on court procedures for filing claims in small claims court.

2.Information on obtaining translation and interpretation services, and other courtroom services.

3.A list of organizations that can identify and refer attorneys.

4.A list of organizations that provides outreach and education, and legal assistance to Freelance Workers.

第189.108款 向指定行政机构投诉

1. 在小额索赔法庭提起索赔的诉讼程序资料；

2. 获取翻译、口译服务以及其他法庭服务的信息；

3. 能够查找和介绍律师的组织名单。

4. 为自由职业者提供外展服务、教育以及法律援助的组织名单。

If a Hiring Entity fails to respond to the DAA’s request for information and/or documents pursuant to Section 189.108.B within 20 calendar days, the Freelance Worker shall be entitled to a procedural rebuttable presumption in any subsequent civil action that the Hiring Entity committed the violations alleged in the corresponding complaint filed with the DAA pursuant to Section 189.108.A.

第189.109款 可反驳的推定

若雇佣实体未能在20个工作日内对指定行政机构根据第189.108.B款提出的提供信息和/或文件的要求作出回复，自由职业者在后续的任何民事诉讼中有权享有程序性的可反驳推定，即雇佣实体实施了其根据第189.108.A款向指定行政机构提出的相应投诉中指控的违法行为。

第189.110款 执行

A. If the Freelance Worker requested a written contract prior to commencing work under the contract, pursuant to Section 189.103.A, and the Hiring Entity refused, the Freelance Worker shall be awarded an additional $250.

B. If the Hiring Entity fails to pay the Freelance Worker the amount agreed to under the contract by the time specified in Section 189.104, the Freelance Worker shall be awarded damages up to twice the amount that remains unpaid under the contract.

C. If the Hiring Entity violates any other provision in the article, the Freelance Worker shall be awarded damages equal to the value of the contract or the work performed, whichever is greater.

第189.111款 损害赔偿和救济措施

A. 若自由职业者根据第189.103.A款，在开始合同项下的工作前要求签订书面合同，而雇佣实体拒绝，则自由职业者应额外获得250美元。

B. 若雇佣实体未在第189.104款规定的时间内向自由职业者支付合同约定的金额，自由职业者应获得最多两倍于合同未支付金额的赔偿金。

C. 如果雇佣实体违反了本条例的任何其他规定，自由职业者应获得相当于合同价值或已完成工作的价值的赔偿，以较高者为准。

The DAA may promulgate guidelines and rules consistent with this article. Any guidelines or rules shall have the force and effect of law and may be relied upon by a Freelance Worker or a Hiring Entity to determine their rights and responsibilities under this article.

第189.112款 行政管理

指定行政机构可以制定与本条例一致的准则和规则。任何准则或规则均具有法律效力，自由职业者或者雇佣实体可以依据其确定自身在本条例项下的权利和义务。

If any section, subsection, sentence, clause, or phrase of this article is for any reason held to be invalid or unconstitutional by a court of competent jurisdiction, such decision shall not affect the validity of the remaining portions of this article. The City Council declares that it would have adopted this article and each and every section, subsection, sentence, clause, and phrase not declared invalid or unconstitutional, without regard to whether any portion of the article would be subsequently declared invalid or unconstitutional.

第189.113款 可分割性

如本条例的任何条款、子条款、句、分句或短语因任何原因被有管辖权的法院认定为无效或违宪，该决定不应影响本条例其余部分的有效性。市议会声明，即使本条款的任何部分在后续被认定为无效或违宪，也会采纳本条例及每个未被宣布为无效或违宪的条款、子条款、句、分句或短语。

Sec. 2. The City Clerk shall certify to the passage of this ordinance and have it published in accordance with Council policy, either in a daily newspaper circulated in the City of Los Angeles or by posting for ten days in three public places in the City of Los Angeles: one copy on the bulletin board located at the Main Street entrance to the Los Angeles City Hall; one copy on the bulletin board located at the Main Street entrance to the Los Angeles City Hall East; and one copy on the bulletin board located at the Temple Street entrance to the Los Angeles County Hall of Records.

第二节 市书记员（City Clerk）应对本条例的通过进行认证，并根据市议会的政策予以公告，可以选择在洛杉矶市发行的日报上刊登，或者通过在洛杉矶市内以下三个公共场所连续张贴十天进行公告：一份应张贴在洛杉矶市政厅主街入口处的布告板上，另一份应张贴在洛杉矶市政厅东侧主街入口处的布告板上，还有一份应张贴在洛杉矶市政府档案馆Temple Street入口处的布告板上。

参考文献：

https://clkrep.lacity.org/onlinedocs/2021/21-0107_ord_187782_4-24-23.pdf