这是一个没有“贺岁片”的春节。
疫情当前,《唐人街探案3》《囧妈》《夺冠》《紧急救援》《急先锋》《熊出没》《姜子牙》7部大片全部撤档,配合防疫工作,为安全让路。
As cases of the novel coronavirus grow on the Chinese mainland, producers of all seven big films once scheduled for the lucrative Spring Festival holiday announced they would cancel screening.
随后,徐峥导演的《囧妈》开先河于大年初一在网络平台免费独播,成为中国影史首次春节档电影在线首播。但此举引来了各大院线的不满和抗议。

虽然今年“春节档”遭遇风波,但不可否认,贺岁片已经成为一种文化现象,融入到人们的春节娱乐活动中。
“贺岁片”已经从一个陌生而新鲜的概念,发展成为中国人春节的文化刚需消费。这恰如中国电影百年史的发展,从最初的星星之火,成为如今的燎原之势。
In China, he sui pian, or films tailored for celebrating the Lunar New Year, form a lucrative genre. In nearly 100 years, the evolution of he sui pian—from a fresh, strange concept to a must-have to entertain families during Spring Festivals—somewhat coincides with the expansion of the Chinese cinema, like an initial single spark that turns into a prairie fire.
贺岁片鼻祖:《海誓》
据学者考证,1922年的国产片《海誓》,可谓是“贺岁片”的鼻祖。该片是中国第一部在春节期间放映的影片,《申报》曾专门为此片刊登广告,宣传其在春节的放映安排。
《海誓》预告海报
According to cinematic researchers, the first he sui pian in China was Swear By God, which was released during the 1922 Spring Festival. The Shanghai-based newspaper Shen Bao published advertisements to promote it during the holiday.
《海誓》是一个略有些曲折的爱情故事,从现代角度来看,实在不太符合“贺岁档”的合家欢调调儿。
A bittersweet story, Swear By God is perhaps not an ideal option for a family gathering with children and grandparents to kill time if judged by modern he sui pian criteria.

这部影片由但杜宇导演,他的妻子殷明珠主演,讲述了一个女子和一个穷画师相爱并订立了婚约,两人盟誓如负此约,当蹈海而死。可后来,女子被有钱的表兄诱惑,险些和表兄结婚,幸亏在最后时刻她又幡然悔悟,两人终成佳偶。
Directed by Dan Duyu and starring the director's wife, Yin Mingzhu, the story tells of a woman engaged to a poor painter. The two love birds swear that if either of them is not loyal to each other, he or she will commit suicide in the sea. But the woman is seduced by her affluent elder male cousin and almost marries the man. Luckily, she realizes who she really loves and returns to the arms of the painter.
《红番区》开辟贺岁档
新中国成立前,上海几乎成了东方“好莱坞”,也涌现出阮玲玉、周璇这样风华绝代的明星。但对于如今的内地观众而言,真正让我们开始熟悉“贺岁片”这个概念,还得从成龙的《红番区》说起。

成龙的《红番区》于1995年除夕夜的前一天在内地上映。据说,当时的影院经理们曾颇为犯愁,因为中国人的传统概念里:春节就该吃吃喝喝,阖家团圆,有些影院甚至关张歇业。
Rumble in the Bronx was released on Jan 29, 1995, one day ahead of Lunar New Year’s Eve. Cinema managers worried that the movie might flop as Chinese usually prefer to stay at home for family reunion gatherings as a traditional celebration. Previously, some cinemas even closed during the Spring Festival holidays.
可没想到,香港警察马汉强(成龙饰)在美国纽约勇斗黑帮的故事,居然吸引了大量观众涌入影院,在那个单张票价仅有2元的年代,《红番区》硬是斩获了9500万的票房成绩,成功开辟了内地电影市场的贺岁档。
It was a huge surprise when the story with Chan starring as Hong Kong policeman Ma Hon Keung in a faceoff with New York gangsters made a big splash, raking in 95 million yuan at the box office in an era when a single ticket sold for just 2 yuan. The movie has since shaped the Spring Festival as a lucrative box office season.
冯氏贺岁片风云十数年
但内地的贺岁片真正启航,当归功于冯小刚的《甲方乙方》。
葛优、刘蓓、英达、何冰加上冯小刚自己亲自上阵的喜剧片, 一举斩获3600万元票房,也让当时面对好莱坞大片苦苦挣扎的内地电影人看到了新的曙光:原来“春节档”可以这么玩。
《甲方乙方》的英文片名是“造梦工厂”The Dream Factory,靠着近乎天才般的喜剧演员,和“戏中戏”的搞笑剧情,讲述了一个创业四人组为有着特殊需要的客户订制梦想中的“好梦一日游”。

With genius comedians and an appealing storyline featuring "stories in a story", The Dream Factory recounts the tale of four friends who team up to launch a startup to tailor one-day tours to help their clients realize their dreams.
此后数年,卖座的“贺岁片”大多有冯小刚的名字。从《不见不散》Be There or Be Square、《没完没了》Sorry Baby、《大腕》Big Shot's Funeral、《非诚勿扰》If You Are The One到《私人定制》Personal Tailor,“冯式喜剧”大多在岁末年初上映,也在“贺岁片”中独树一帜。
尽管冯小刚这几年越来越严肃,大把精力放在追忆自己的文工团青葱岁月上,但他对于中国“贺岁片”的贡献,仍是当之无愧的先行者。
周星驰激活春节档
据国内媒体报道:早些年,在中国电影产业真正腾飞起步之前,贺岁片的市场份额并不高。从2008年到2012年,春节档票房占据年度的2%-3%,没有特别明显的增长态势。
2013年称得上是春节档新的起点。
周星驰的《西游:降魔篇》Journey to the West: Conquering the Demons成为当时首部瞄准春节档的大制作影片,而这也拉开了“贺岁片”的类型化丰富之路。
几乎是完完全全颠覆了传统美猴王的形象,《西游:降魔篇》并不完全是让你没心没肺地笑,而是带着周星驰特有的悲天悯人,于无厘头的搞笑之中,讲他所希冀的爱情和温情。
《纽约每日新闻》(New York Daily News)曾评论说:
“Stephen Chow has carved out a pretty cool niche for himself with his consistently entertaining martial arts larks (Shaolin Soccer, Kung Fu Hustle). Chow's movies are always as sweet as they are silly, a combination he once again balances — alongside cool effects — with typically deft irreverence.”
“周星驰凭借他一贯娱乐性十足、带着武侠味的风格——恰如其此前在《少林足球》、《功夫》等作品中所呈现的——为自己开辟了一个独有的受众市场。他的电影总是既温情又冒傻气,而在(《西游:降魔篇》中)他再一次平衡了这两者:在炫酷的特效之外,掺合进了他自成一派且娴熟使来的轻狂无礼。”
更加多元化的春节档
其实,每一年的春节档票房冠军,很能说明中国“贺岁片”的新趋势。
这些年,历年春节档独占票房排行榜鳌头的,依次是:《西游之大闹天宫》(2014)、《澳门风云2》(2015)、《美人鱼》(2016)、《功夫瑜伽》(2017)、《红海行动》(2018)和《流浪地球》(2019)。
如果说2017年之前的“贺岁片”还是以喜剧、合家欢为主打元素,2018年和2019年的两部贺岁档冠军则体现了中国电影观众的多元化需求。正如我们的“年夜饭”,大鱼大肉或珍馐美味,已不再是年夜饭的唯一期待
在今年抗击疫情的特殊春节里,你正在家里刷啥影视剧?留言分享给双语君吧!
编辑:陈月华 左卓
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