我们接上回讲。
《外刊中有哪些表示原因的清新脱俗的表达?(上)》中,我们讲到了两个在写作中可以用来表示原因的表达:the first/second factor at play in... is... 和... stem in part from...。今天我们再讲三个。上一期的两个加上今天的三个,足够让你行走江湖、处处留香了。

三、helps explain..., serve as an explanation for / of / as to...
explain和explanation是一对非常简单、实用的小词,意思是“解释”,外刊中常用来分析某一现象的原因,比如2015年5月的《经济学人》中有篇文章讲到了一个非常有趣的现象:牛奶中有一种主要的碳水化合物——乳糖,乳糖在人体中分解需要乳糖酶的参与,但进入成年后,2/3的人体内不再产生乳糖酶,另外1/3的幸运群体(欧洲人口)则继续产生。文章认为,正是因为欧洲成年人体内能够继续产生乳糖酶,欧洲经济才得到了迅速发展。文章是这么说的:
A recent paper argues that this genetic quirk helps explain why some countries are rich and others poor.
近期,一份报告认为,这一基因怪异一些国家富裕而另一些国家贫穷的原因
我们也可以直接用explain,不过加上help语气更委婉一些。
另外,还可以用serve as an explanation for / of / as to来替换help explain,使表达更具有学术气息:
A recent paper argues that this genetic quirk serves as an explanation of why some countries are rich and others poor.
2016年9月的一期《经济学人》对世界经济这一话题做了专题报道,其中有一篇题为Deregulation and competition: A lapse in concentration的文章,文章引言是这么写的:
A dearth of competition among firms helps explain wage inequality and a host of other ills.
企业间缺乏竞争导致工资不平等和其他问题的原因
我们也可以说:
A dearth of competition among firms serves as an explanation for wage inequality and a host of other ills.

四、the force/factor behind... is...
behind后面加某一现象,is后面加原因。2017年末,《每日星报》(The Daily Star)上刊登了一篇对2017年以及未来经济展望的文章,题目叫World economic outlook for 2017 and beyond,在谈到欧元区经济时,文章是这么说的:
The Eurozone countries are also on track, despite some recent hiccups, to end the year with its strongest GDP growth since 2007. President of the European Central Bank (ECB) Mario Draghi announced late last month that an “increasingly robust and broad-based” recovery was the factor behind the decision to scale back quantitative easing and cut the monthly rate of bond purchases to 30 billion euros (USD 35 billion) from the current 60 billion euros at the beginning of 2018.
尽管有一些小问题,但欧元区国家驶入正轨,本年末,其GDP创下2007年后最高增长水平。欧洲央行主席马里奥·德拉吉于上月末宣布,越来越强劲而且全面的复苏缩减量化宽松政策、降低每月债券购买率的原因每月债券购买率将从2018年初的600亿欧元的水平上减少至300亿欧元(合350亿美元)。
这段话除了"...is the factor behind..."外还有很多值得学习的表达,比如on track, 意思是making progress 取得进展,步入正轨。
hiccup是“嗝,打嗝”的意思,常用其比喻义,表示“小问题、小挫折”。我们在《从“中美贸易战”中我们能学到哪些表达?》中讲过bumps andbruises,hiccup和这两个词相似,温故知新。
2018年1月18日的《卫报》中有一篇文章分析了人的大脑结构,文中有这么一句话:
Milner and Walsh suggest that greater brain complexity is the factor behind the observed increase in telencephalic volume...
这篇文章比较专业,我们没必要弄懂,拾个表达即可:be the factor behind...

五、the factor lies in...
lie in是外刊中经常会用到的百搭词组,比如,分析原因时,我们可以说:the factor/reason/force lies in...;提出解决方案时,我们可以说:the solution lies in...,等等。其实,在这一语境下,lie in就相当于be动词,如果能用lie in替换be动词,写作瞬间提高一个层次有木有?
在第四期外刊精读写作班的第13单元,我和学员一起读了the Economist、BBC、ChinaDaily上有关中国网红产业的报道,在最后的写作版块,我们梳理了外刊中的观点,并在消化吸收其语言点之后,以“网红产业兴起的原因、影响”为话题,写了一篇文章。我自己也写了一篇,在原因分析部分,我是这么写的:
Several factors seem to be at play in its boom. Technology is part of the story. The burgeoning communication technology served as a precondition for the birth of the industry. The second factor lies in digital native generation’s preference for internet celebrities. Combined with their down-to-earth and approachable personalities, those online influencers soon became a hot property.
假如我说:The second factor
is
digital native generation's...,感觉表达像白开水一样索然无味,但如果我把is换成lies in:The second factor
lies in
digital native generation's...,瞬间逼格暴涨有木有?


敲黑板啦:
过去在分析某一现象的成因时,我们总免不了Firstly,... Secondly,... Thirdly,... 或者the first reason is..., the second reason is..., the third reason is... 等句型。通过学习这两期的推送,我们可以用以下表达来替换:
  1. the first factor at play in... is...
  2. ...(also) stem in part from...
  3. ...help explain..., serve as an explanation for / of / as to...
  4. the factor behind... is...
  5. the factor lies in...

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