点👆关注我们 获取第一手北美职场资讯
“中美贸易战”、“美国芯片商集体断供华为”这样的话题最近不断承包我们的新闻头条，身在美国的中国留学生、移民群体每天不仅要关注中美两国的宏观大事件动态，更要留心可能会影响到自己日常学习、工作、生活的规定的更改，这里集体心疼我们自己一分钟...
这样细枝末节的影响存在在很多方面
⬇️

有人觉得
申请赴美签证的难度提高了
有人觉得
移民申请的审批速度变慢了
有人觉得
美国雇主开放给外籍员工的工作机会少了
我们多么希望这些体验只是个人的主观感受、并非大势所趋，但是很遗憾，这一切都并非是少数个例。
当前借着“华为、芯片”话题的热度，美国媒体纷纷解析对行业、企业、国家经济的影响，而《华尔街日报》特意调查了一下这些争端对美国芯片产业的中国籍员工有什么影响呢？

调查之后记者发现，原来在美国芯片制造产业填补着大量人才空缺的中国籍雇员成为了“牺牲品”，他们在美国芯片制造产业的职业生涯遭受到前所未有的冲击。
1
美国芯片制造巨头的困局：缺人！
美国芯片制造产业的巨头公司从去年开始，强烈地感受到雇佣中国籍高级工程师越来越艰难，这些公司包括大家耳熟能详的英特尔、高通、格芯(Globalfoundries)等。
过去很长一段时间这些高科技公司招聘了很多中国籍雇员作为高级工程师，尴尬的是一旦出现这类技术人才缺口，这些企业不能在美国本土员工中找到同质同量的人才补上。但美国政府正在从政策层面为这些急需技术人才的美国雇主制造麻烦，在他们雇佣中国籍人才的通道上频频设限。
从去年开始这个问题已经为美国芯片制造巨头们豁开了成百上千的用人口子，他们不仅很难在美国本土招聘到心仪的中国籍人才，连从中国分公司调配技术人员赴美也难上加难。
这种艰难不是找不到合适的人才，而是即使发了offer，美国政府往往会因为该员工的中国国籍而设限不予批准。
2
外国雇员所需的特别许可证
大家都知道外国人在美国合法工作都需要有雇主出面申请H-1B、L-1这样的工作签证，除此以外如果该雇主属于敏感技术行业，在一些关键研发、技术岗位雇佣外国人时还要申请一种特别许可证——视同出口许可证(deemed-export licenses)。
官方解释视同出口许可证，版权属于原作者
视同出口许可证，是美国出口管制体系的重要环节之一，目的是为了限制向外国转让敏感技术以确保美国的技术安全、军事领先优势等。中国、伊朗、俄罗斯等国一直都是美国视同出口管制的重点对象。

所有持非移民签证居留在美国境内的外国人，都是视同出口限制的潜在管理对象。只有三种外国人不受管制，分别是绿卡持有者、被授予美国公民身份者、根据法律被认定为“在美国受保护者”(例如政治流亡者或政治庇护者)。
如果有美国公司、机构想雇佣外国留学生、高技术工人、科学家，或者想邀请外国人来参观访问，而这其中可能会涉及、接触美国政府明确列出的受控清单上的知识、技术时，这些美国公司、机构必须向主管机构提出视同出口许可证申请。

主管部门收到申请后会进行材料审查，根据所涉及外国人的国籍、所涉及机构或行业的性质、技术可能会落入美国竞争对手手中的风险等进行判定。一般发放一次视同出口许可证的有效期为两年，到期后可以再向相关部门申请更换。
3
中国籍员工受影响最大
像英特尔、高通这样的芯片制造商因为涉及到半导体、电信系统、加密技术等敏感科技领域，必须为公司现有和想要招聘的外籍雇员申请特殊许可证。
以前为外籍员工申请一份视同出口许可证只需要几周的审理时间，现在等待6-8个月很常见。中国留学生的交流论坛帖里，有同学抱怨自己的申请已经等了一年+了。
官方对于视同出口许可证审理严重拖延的解释是：“商务部需要与包括国务院、国土安全部、国防部、能源部门等众多政府机构合作，为了谨慎考量每一份申请存在的风险，审理部门需要要求申请公司、机构提供更多、更充分的信息。” 私认为这里提到的企业被要求提供“更多更充分信息”等同于他们被RFE了...
这种变化是从2018年逐渐明显的，中美贸易争端、美国担心核心技术流失、各种版本层出不穷的“间谍说”都对视同出口许可证审批产生了很大影响。

这种变化在美国科技制造产业很普遍，但对芯片制造商来说更加麻烦，因为能够从事高级技术工程的人才非常有限。根据美国商务部的数据，从2013年到2017年，视同出口许可证申请中中国公民占总数的60%以上，而最常见的涉及行业就是芯片、电信技术。
截图来源于wsj.com，版权属于原作者
业内人士表示，虽然相关美国公司并未停止招聘中国籍雇员，但特殊许可证审批的过度拖延导致雇主失去了很多他们当初选定的优秀候选人，也严重影响了公司项目进程管理以及岗位分配制度。

这样的变化与美国当局拖延H-1B、L-1等工作签证的审核发放的套路完全一致，通过拖延审理时间、制造审核障碍，迫使美国雇主从雇佣外籍员工的源头上“知难而退”。
芯片届的小伙伴，如果在美国公司受挫，不如尝试下对华人更为友好的中资公司。WE Career独家内推渠道，欢迎投递简历～
招聘公司
The Company is an IDM memory solutions company which designs, manufactures and sells memory products and solutions for a broad range of applications including Mobile Devices, Computing, Data centers and Consumer Electronics for customers around the world.
3D NAND Memory Engineer
Location
San Jose, CA
The candidate should be able to synthesize the requirements from various sources, including the management directions and lead actions through the team in a systematic fashion. The candidate should have the technical cognizance to absorb the information, set the right direction and coach the team to success. The candidate must have 3 years and above related working experiences.
Job Description
  • Design control circuits for memory core operations, provide layout guidelines.
  • Perform power/ground network analysis.
  • Hand-on silicon debugging and characterization.
  • Have good understanding of Solid-State device physics.
  • Comfortable with IC tools such as Cadence analog design environment, HSPICE/FINESIM, UNIX.
NAND Logic Design Engineer
Location
San Jose, CA
This Position is part of 3D NAND logic design team.
Candidate will be a technical individual contributor in Logic design include on-chip controller, NAND interface, Functional Block and FW development.
Primary Responsibilities
  • Solid knowledge of modeling and designing of VLSI circuits and systems.
  • Architecture development and product definition, system integration and full-chip and block-level validation plan and execution.
  • Design concept of combinational and sequential logic and Register transfer level digital circuit design with Verilog/ VHDL.
  • RTL design and implementation of the controller HW, Development of Firmware for NAND operations like Program, Read, Erase.
  • Logic Synthesis, P&R and Full chip Timing Closure : Analysis knowledge and Experience.
  • Hands-on silicon debugging/evaluation experience.
  • Work closely with other teams to follow up with all phases of design from conceptual design to production support efficiently.
Prefer Skills
  • MS or PhD degree in Electrical Engineering, Computer Science, Physics, Mathematics or equivalent disciplines.
  • Industrial experience in Non-Volatile Memory(NAND) Design is Particular and Dedicated FW Algorithms.
  • Experience of the Entire Digital Design Flow, from the Spec all the way to the Physical Design.
  • Understanding of semiconductor physics on NAND device and MOSFET transistors.
  • Knowledge of TCL, PERL or Python is a plus.
  • Experience with mixed-signal design and validation is a plus.
  • Knowledge and Experience with transistor level simulators such as Spice, XA, Finesim, Ultrasim etc. is a plus.
  • Experience with UVM and test bench development is a plus.
NAND Verification Engineer
Location
San Jose, CA
Primamry Responsibilities
  • Full-chip functional verification on NAND flash design projects.
  • Coverage driven test bench development in SystemVerilog/UVM.
  • Support of design verification methodology enhancements.
  • Technical support to verification team members in China.
Qualifications
  • Minimum two years of industrial experience in logic design verification projects.
  • NAND flash memory or related design verification experience is strongly preferred.
  • Must have solid knowledge and experience of test bench development in SystemVerilog and UVM.
  • Experience with scripting language such as PERL/Python is desired.
  • Fluent in both Mandarin and English is preferred.
  • MS degree in Electrical/Computer Engineering or equivalent
申请方式
发送简历至 [email protected]
标题注明“职位+姓名“
招聘公司
成立于硅谷，该公司是一家以AI芯片为核心技术的创业公司，拥有从 3D 传感器、特定领域 AI 芯片到软件的全栈解决方案，目前在硅谷和中国深圳均有团队。目前国内开放以下职位：
RTL Designer
Location
Santa Clara, CA
Shenzhen, China
Primary Responsibilities
  • Design RTL for our CPU-centric Machine Learning ASIC chip.
  • Optimize timing and power consumption.
  • Support functionality debug in simulation and emulation.
  • Write timing/power constraint for the design
Qualifications： Must
  • MS or PhD degree in Electrical Engineering, Computer Science, Physics, Mathematics or equivalent disciplines.
  • MS with > 2 years of industrial experience; more experiences and capability will correspond to higher job levels.
  • Excellent RTL design skills with System Verilog.
  • Good scripting skills with Python/Perl/Tcl.
  • Solid understanding of low power optimization.
  • Proficient communication in English - both orally and in writing form.
  • Self-driven, result-oriented; able to multi-task and determine priorities.
  • A proven fast learner and a team player.
Preferred
  • Knowledge and experience with RISC-V ISA is highly desired.
  • Knowledge about CPU architecture and memory hierarchy.
  • Experience of working with foreign coworkers and remote teams is a plus.
Design Verification Engineer
Location
Santa Clara, CA
Shenzhen, China
Primamry Responsibilities
  • Verifying the design, architecture and micro-architecture using advanced verification methodologies.
  • Defining the verification scope and contributing to the development of the verification infrastructure.
  • Collaborating with architects, designers, and software engineers across sites to accomplish verification targets
Qualifications
  • A BS degree in Electrical Engineering, Computer Science or other equivalent disciplines with > 5 years of relevant work or research experience, or a MS degree of the above areas with > 2 years of similar experience.
  • Experience in verification using random stimulus along with functional coverage and assertion-based verification methodologies.
  • Fluency in Object Oriented Programming with C++ and/or SystemVerilog.
  • Exposure to design and verification tools (VCS or equivalent simulation tools, debug tools like Debussy, GDB), and methodologies (UVM or equivalent)
  • Passionate about debugging and comprehensive problem-solving skills.
  • High proficiency in English - both orally and in writing form.
  • Excellent communication skills; both articulate and a good listener.
  • Self-driven, result-oriented; able to multi-task and determine priorities.
  • A proven fast learner and a team player.
  • Experience of working with foreign coworkers and remote teams is a plus.
申请方式
发送简历至 [email protected]
标题注明“职位+姓名“
文章内容授权转载自“小纽美国法律咨询”（ID：newyork_is），
版权归原作者所有
WE
WE Career扎根高科技人才中心—硅谷，致力于搭建中美企业与
人才的职业桥梁，专注海内外软硬件高科技人才招聘，为企业提供专业的雇主品牌推广、海外招聘活动以及高端猎头服务。
人才网络覆盖北美Top 20大都会地区及Top 150高校，高端技术人才库超20万人，成功举办80+场招聘及职场活动。
从境内招聘到跨国招聘，从校园新鲜力量到资深高端人才，从招聘宣讲到猎头服务，我们都秉持“创新/精准/高效”的服务宗旨，助力中美企业的全球人力资源储备。
继续阅读
阅读原文