忏悔录 Confessiones | BookⅢ Chapter7 摩尼的学说

BookⅢ Chapter7

摩尼的学说

For other than this, that which really is I knew not; and was, as it were through sharpness of wit, persuaded to assent to foolish deceivers, when they asked me, "whence is evil?" "Is God bounded by a bodily shape, and has hairs and nails?" "are they to be esteemed righteous who had many wives at once, and did kill men, and sacrifice living creatures?" At which I, in my ignorance, was much troubled, and departing from the truth, seemed to myself to be making towards it; because as yet I knew not that evil was nothing but a privation of good, until at last a thing ceases altogether to be; which how should I see, the sight of whose eyes reached only to bodies, and of my mind to a phantasm?

我并不想到另一真正存在的真理，因此，人们向我提出：“罪恶来自何处？神是否限制在一个物质的躯体内，是否有头发和手指？多妻的、杀人的、祭祀禽兽的人能否列为义人？”种种问题后，我如受到针刺一般急忙赞成那些狂妄骗子的见解。这些问题使无知的我忐忑不安；我背着真理，还自以为面向真理；我不懂得“恶”不过是缺乏“善”，彻底地说只是虚无。那时我的肉眼已为外物所蔽，我的精神只能见到魑魅魍魉，当然我不会懂得这一点。

And I knew not God to be a Spirit, not one who hath parts extended in length and breadth, or whose being was bulk; for every bulk is less in a part than in the whole: and if it be infinite, it must be less in such part as is defined by a certain space, than in its infinitude; and so is not wholly every where, as Spirit, as God. And what that should be in us, by which we were like to God, and might be rightly said to be after the image of God, I was altogether ignorant.

那时我不知道上帝是神体，没有长短粗细的肢体，没有体积，因为一有体积，局部必然小于整体；即使是无限的，但为空间所限制的一部分必然小于无限，便不能成为神体，如上帝的无所不在，在都是整个上帝。至于我们本身凭什么而存在，为何圣经上称我们是“上帝的肖像”[9]，这一切都不知道。

Nor knew I that true inward righteousness which judgeth not according to custom, but out of the most rightful law of God Almighty, where by the ways of places and times were disposed according to those times and places; itself meantime being the same always and every where, not one thing in one place, and another in another; according to which Abraham, and Isaac, and Jacob, and Moses, and David, were righteous, and all those commended by the mouth of God; but were judged unrighteous by silly men, judging out of man's judgment, and measuring by their own petty habits, the moral habits of the whole human race. As if in an armory, one ignorant of what were adapted to each part should cover his head with greaves, or seek to be shod with a helmet, and complain that they fitted not: or as if on a day when business is publicly stopped in the afternoon, one were angered at not being allowed to keep open shop, because he had been in the forenoon; or when in one house he observeth some servant take a thing in his hand, which the butler is not suffered to meddle with; or something permitted out of doors, which is forbidden in the diningroom; and should be angry, that in one house, and one family, the same thing is not allotted every where, and to all.

我也不认识真正的、内心的正义，不依据习俗而依据全能上帝的金科玉律权衡一切的正义；上帝的法律一成不变，不随时间空间而更改，但随时代地区的不同而形成各时代各地区的风俗习惯；亚伯拉罕、以撒、雅各、摩西、大卫以及为上帝亲口赞许的人，依照上帝的法律都是正义的人；但这些无知之徒随从世人的褒贬毁誉，以个人的经验去衡量人类的全部风俗习惯，断定他们是不正义的，这犹如一人不识武装，不知盔与甲的用度，加甲于首，裹盔于足，便认为不适于用；或是某日规定下午休假，这人强调上午既然容许营业，抱怨下午为何不能进行卖买；又如在某人家中见某一奴隶手持的东西不准另一个进酒肴的奴隶接触，或在马厩后做的工作不准在餐厅进行，便指斥同居一室、同属一家，为什么待遇不同。

Even such are they who are fretted to hear something to have been lawful for righteous men formerly, which now is not; or that God, for certain temporal respects, commanded them one thing, and these another, obeying both the same righteousness: where as they see, in one man, and one day, and one house, different things to be fit for different members, and a thing formerly lawful, after a certain time not so; in one corner permitted or commanded, but in another rightly forbidden and punished. Is justice therefore various or mutable? No, but the times, over which it presides, flow not evenly, because they are times. But men whose days are few upon the earth, for that by their senses they cannot harmonise the causes of things in former ages and other nations, which they had not experience of, with these which they have experience of, where as in one and the same body, day, or family, they easily see what is fitting for each member, and season, part, and person; to the one they take exceptions, to the other they submit.

同样，这些人听到现代正义的人所禁行的事，古代正义的人却不在此例，上帝权衡时宜，对古人制定那样法令，对今人制定这样法令，古往今来都适应着同一的正义，他们却对此愤愤不平。不知同一人、同一日、在同一屋中，使用某一肢体时，不能代之以另一肢体；某时准许做的，换一个时辰即行禁止；在某一角落许可或命令做的，在附近的另一角落便不许做，做了要受责罚。那末，正义成为变化多端了？不然，这是正义所统摄的时代有所不同，既然是时代，便有先后。人生非常短促，不能以为本身有了经验，便对经验所不及的古今四方的事物因革都融会贯通；反之，在同一人身上、同一天内、同一屋中，很容易看出某一时刻、某一地点或某一肢体应做何事，因此对前者感到抵触，而对后者便毫无异议。

These things I then knew not, nor observed; they struck my sight on all sides, and I saw them not. I indited verses, in which I might not place every foot every where, but differently in different metres; nor even in any one metre the self-same foot in all places. Yet the art itself, by which I indited, had not different principles for these different cases, but comprised all in one. Still I saw not how that righteousness, which good and holy men obeyed, did far more excellently and sublimely contain in one all those things which God commanded, and in no part varied; although in varying times it prescribed not every thing at once, but apportioned and enjoined what was fit for each. And I in my blindness, censured the holy Fathers, not only where in they made use of things present as God commanded and inspired them, but also where in they were foretelling things to come, as God was revealing in them.

以上种种，我一无所知，也绝不措意；虽然这些事理从各方面透进我的双目，我还是熟视无睹。我诵诗时，音节的轻重不能随意配置，一种诗体有一种格律，在同一诗句中也不能都用同一的音节；但文章的规律，不是随地而异的，它有一个完整的体系。我并没有看到圣贤们所服膺的正义，是把所命令的一切合成一个高妙万倍的整体：正义本质绝无变易，也不把全部条例施行于任何一个时代，而是因时制宜，为每一时代制定相应的法令。我却盲目批评虔诚的祖先们不独遵照上帝的命令和启示调配当前的一切，甚且秉承上帝的默牖，对将来发出预言。