上周，我们分享了虎妈教育被质疑，她的哈佛女儿7年后怎么说？之后，引起很多家长的讨论，我们今天抛开争论，看看虎妈女儿Sophia到底有哪些学习技巧，看看她在哈佛的学习心得。
Sophia Chua-Rubenfeld is a graduate student at Harvard and Yale, she is also the daughter of writer Amy Chua who is also known as ‘The Tiger Mom’. Sophia was raised using the tiger parenting technique which pushes children to be as academically successful as possible. 
Sophia Chua-Rubenfield（蔡思慧）是哈佛和耶鲁的毕业生，她也是美国作家Amy Chua（蔡美儿）的女儿，蔡美儿也被称为“虎妈”。Sophia从小在虎妈式教育下长大，母亲强迫她尽可能地获得学业上的成功。
Clearly, the philosophy works, Sophia recently became a doctor of Law at Yale law school. On her private blog, Sophia shared tips on how to study like a Harvard student.
虽然这种高压教育方式备受争议，但事实证明确有效果。Sophia最近成为了耶鲁法学院的法学博士，她在自己的私人博客上分享了如何像哈佛学生一样学习的学习技巧。
Preliminary Steps
准备步骤
1. Choose classes that interest you. That way studying doesn't feel like slave labor. If you don't want to learn, then I can't help you.
选择自己感兴趣的课程，这样学习才不会像做苦役。如果你自己不想学习，那么谁都没办法帮你。
2. Make some friends. See steps 12, 13, 23, 24.
交一些朋友，见步骤12、13、23、24。
General Principles
总则
3. Study less but study better.
高效学习。
4. Avoid Autopilot Brain at all costs.
尽量避免大脑处于潜意识“自动驾驶”状态。
5. Vague is bad. Vague is a waste of your time. 
含糊不清很不好，这是在浪费时间。
6. Write it down.
写下来。
7. Suck it up, buckle down, get it done.
振作起来，全力以赴，完成它。
Plan of Attack Phase I: Class
第一阶段：上课
8. Show up. Everything will make a lot more sense that way, and you will save yourself a lot of time in the long run.
按时上课。这样更有意义而且从长远看更节省时间。
9. Take notes by hand. I don't know the science behind it, but doing anything by hand is a way of carving it into your memory.
手写笔记。虽然我也不清楚这背后的科学，但是用手做任何事情都是一种帮助将其刻入记忆中的方式。
Phase II: Study Time
第二阶段：学习时间
10. Get out of the library. The sheer fact of being in a library doesn't fill you with knowledge. Eight hours of Facebooking in the library is still eight hours of Facebooking. Also, people who bring food and blankets to the library and just stay there during finals week start to smell weird. Go home and bathe. You can quiz yourself while you wash your hair.
离开图书馆。在图书馆里耗时间并不能丰富你的知识储存。在图书馆刷8个小时的手机，本质仍然是玩了8个小时手机。还有一些人会带着食物和毯子去图书馆，并且只有考试周才会去图书馆。这样还不如回家洗澡，还可以在洗头的时候进行自我测试。
11. Do a little everyday, but don't let it be your whole day."This afternoon, I will read a chapter of something and do half a problem set. Then, I will go to the gym" ALWAYS BEATS "Starting right now, I am going to read as much as I possibly can... oh wow, now it's midnight, I'm on page five, and my room reeks of ramen and dysfunction."
每天定个小目标，但不要让它占据一整天时间。比如“今天下午我要读一章节书，做一半习题，然后再去健身房。”一般要优于“现在开始，我要尽可能地多读书。。。。。。现在已经午夜了，我看到第五页了，但是我又饿又困，好想吃东西休息。”
12. Give yourself incentive. There's nothing worse than a gaping abyss of study time. If you know you're going out in six hours, you're more likely to get something done.
给自己一点刺激。陷入学习的深渊真的很糟糕。如果你知道自己6个小时内要出门，更有可能会完成一些事情。
13. Allow friends to confiscate your phone when they catch you playlng Angry Birds. Oh and if you think you need a break, you probably don't.
如果被抓到玩手机，允许朋友没收它。有时候你觉得自己需要休息，实际上其实不需要。
Phase III: Assignments
第三阶段：作业
14. Stop highlighting. Underlining is supposed to keep you focused, but it's actually a one-way ticket to Autopilot Brain. You zone out, look down, and suddenly you have five pages of neon green that you don't remember reading. Write notes in the margins instead. 
停止画重点。有些人很喜欢用荧光笔把重点画出来，觉得这样可以帮助自己专注，但实际上这会让大脑潜意识进入“自动驾驶”状态，慢慢会走神，无意识地向下看，然后突然发现有几页自己不记得是否读过。作为替代，请在空白处写下备注。
15. Do all your own work. You get nothing out of copying a problem set.
自己的作业自己做。抄作业的人什么都学不到。
16. Read as much as you can. Stop trying to cheat with Sparknotes.
尽可能地多阅读。不要试图用Sparknotes作弊。
注：Sparknotes 网络学术研究工具
17. Be a smart reader, not a robot. Ask yourself: What is the author trying to prove? What is the logical progression of the argument? You can usually answer these questions by reading the intoduction and conclusion of every chapter. Then, pick any two examples/anecdotes and commit them to memory(write them down). They will help you reconstruct the author's argument later on.
做聪明的阅读者而不是机器人。问自己一些问题，比如“作者试图证明什么？”“论证的逻辑进展是什么？”。通常可以通过阅读每章的提纲和结束语来回答这些问题。然后，挑选任何两个例子/轶事，并把它们记下来（写下来）。它们将帮助你之后重新构建作者的论点。
18. Don't read everything, but understand everything that you read. Better to have a deep understanding of a limited amount of material, than to have a vague understanding of an entire course. Once again: Vague is bad. Vague is a waste of your time.
不要什么都读，但要理解自己所读的所有。最好对有限的材料有深入地理解，而不是对整个课程有一个模糊的理解。再次重申：含糊不清很不好，这是在浪费时间。
19. Bullet points.
总结要点。
PhaseIV: Reading Period (Review Week)
第四阶段：阅读时间（复习周）
20. Once again: do not move into the library. 
再次重申：不要去图书馆耗时间。
21. If you don't understand it, it will definitely be on the exam. Solution: textbooks; the internet.
你不懂的东西，考试一定会考。解决方法是看教材或者上网搜索。
22. Do all the practice problems. This one is totally tiger mom.
做所有练习题，这个方式真的很虎妈style。
23. People are often contemptuous of rote learning. Even at great intellectual bastions like Harvard, you will be required to memorize fomulas, names and dates. To memorize effectively: stop reading your list over and over again. It doesn't work. Say it out loud, write it down. Remember how you made friends? Have them quiz you, then return the favor.
人们通常看不上死记硬背。但即使是哈佛这样的知名学府，也会要求学生背公式、名字和日期。为了有效记忆，不要再一遍又一遍读笔记，这没什么用。大声说出来并且用笔写下来，还可以和朋友相互提问。
24. Again with the friends: ask them to listen while you explain a difficult concept to them. This forces you to articulale your understanding. Remember, vague is bad.
让朋友倾听自己解释一个较难的概念，这会强迫我们阐述自己的理解，请记住， 含糊不清一点都不好。
25. Go for the big picture. Try to figure out where a specific concept fits into the course as a whole. This will help you tap into Big Themes-every class has Big Themes- which will streamline what you need to know. You can learn a million facts but until you understand how they fit together, you're missing the point.
有大局观。试着找出某个具体概念在课程中的整体定位。这会帮助我们挖掘大主题（每门课程都有大主题），精简我们需要知道的内容。你可以学到无数事实，但除非明白它们是如何结合在一起的，否则就错过了重点。
Phase V: Exam Day
第五阶段：考试日
26. Crush exam. Get A.
战胜考试，拿到A。
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