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批评论文参考文献：小心别冒险
别批评论文参考文献：
抨击参考文献的论文可能会被拒绝，特别是当文献作者或是作者的朋友成为你论文的评审。
期刊编辑常常会利用引言中提到的文献来选择评审。
强调论文的重要性，但是不要看轻别人的文章，因为文献作者可能是你论文的评审，而且他们很敏感。当引用别人的文章时，要避免使用负面的词汇。
最好不要用：
“The deficiency of Smith’s approach is…”
“The problems with Smith’s paper are…”
“A serious weakness with Smith’s argument, however, is that ……”
“The key problem with Smith’s explanation is that ……”
“It seems that Smith’s understanding of the X framework is questionable.”
而是用：
“Smith’s model was effective in X problem, however in Y…”
“The X benefit of Smith’s approach are not applicable to Y…”
用这样的方式即可说明Smith并不是什么都不懂，而是说明因为切入问题的观点或条件不同，所以使用的方法也不同。
学术圈很小，Smith或他的朋友有可能会是你的评审。他们当中任何人并不想看到自己的研究和方法被公开地批评。如果冒犯了评审，你这篇论文以及未来的论文将无处可去。
若礼貌地引用文献，Smith审阅文章时不会被冒犯，并且可能会建议接受你的论文。
以下为英文原文：
Get your reviewers to help publish your paper ( part 1)
Criticizing your reverences: A dangerous game
Don’t criticize your references
Papers that attack references are likely to be rejected, especially when the authors or their friends become your reviewers. Journal editors use your references, especially in your introduction, to choose your reviewers.
Emphasize the importance of your paper, but not by putting down on other papers. They are probably your reviewers and they are sensitive. When citing other papers avoid using negative terms.
Examples:
“The deficiency of Smith’s approach is…”
“The problems with Smith’s paper are…”
“A serious weakness with Smith’s argument, however, is that ……”
“The key problem with Smith’s explanation is that ……”
“It seems that Smith’s understanding of the X framework is questionable.”
Better would be:
“Smith’s model was effective in X problem, however in Y…”
“The X benefit of Smith’s approach are not applicable to Y…”
Using this way you are not saying that Smith was an idiot, or didn’t understand anything. You are only saying that your problem or conditions were different, thus the difference in approach.
Your research area is small. It is very likely that either Smith will be the reviewer, or one of Smith’s friends will be. Any of these people may not like to see themselves publicly criticized for their method and research. If you offend the reviewer by your comments, this paper and many of your future papers will have no place to go. When you use a polite approach in your literature review, Smith will not be so offended when he reads and will be more likely to recommend acceptance of your paper.
将评审化为论文出版的助力
part 2
在引言中引用友人的作品
当你的友人审阅你的论文时，会乐意见到他们的文章被你引用。朋友了解你及你文章的主题，因此你的论文比较有机会被出版。若在研讨会认识了其他人，或是有和自己关系不错的同仁，记得要将他们的作品纳入参考文献，并且要在文章第一页提到他们的文章，因为期刊编辑通常会读论文第一页或第二页来挑选评审。再来，引用和你相同领域知名作者的研究，无论他们在世与否，虽然他们可能不会是你论文的评审，但是会增加论文的可信度。
对于不喜欢你或是常拒绝你论文的作者，删掉或隐藏他们的文献
即使是双盲审查的情况下，作者通常可以藉由评审的评论及意见来猜出评审的身份。由于期刊编辑常常利用文章引用的文献来选择相关的评审，所以，如果某些评审总是建议拒绝你的文章，在第一次投稿时，就将他们的作品从你的参考文献删除，可以在论文被接受后再加回。或许因此要用稍微不同的观点来重写引言，但是也许是值得的。不同的期刊有不同的规定，但是，如果可以的 话，可以事先以非正式的方式询问(例如用电子邮件) 编辑是否可以在评审群内移除某些成员。
将评审化为论文出版的助力
part 3
对可能会成为评审的人写些好话
对所有被引用的作者示好，特别是那些可能会成为评审的作者。解释为何他们的作品对你的分析有意义，并且写一到二句有关他们的贡献，以及他们的作品和你论文的相关性。不但花不到论文1%的空间，并且可以提高论文被接受的可能性。
收到评审意见后，不要回击
一般而言，抨击评审不是个好主意。但是，如果不想改变论文的内容，必须要小心回应评审的意见。因此，不要说：「这位评审的意见很糟，我的才是好的。」最好说：「这位评审的意见很有趣，但是我的意见也不错，特别是在这些情况下。」试着找出评审意见在哪些情况下为真，如此一来就不会直接和评审争论。接着，解释和评审观点的不同之处在哪，而因此采取了不同的方法来研究。如此一来，不但保足了评审的面子，也不用更改论文内容。
总而言之，不要在文章直接评批评审的作品，让他们站在你这边；让友人成为评审；说明参考文献对你文章的贡献；隐藏 不喜欢你的人的文献，并且礼貌地接受评审的意见。若做得到以上，文章被接受的可能性不但会增加，而你在学术界也交了更多朋友。
这篇文章是由华乐丝学术英文润色所提供。请点选华乐丝的网址www.wallaceediting.cn参考我们为台湾研究人员提供的专业学术英文润色服务。您可以邀请我们至您的学校进行学术英文写作演讲。
以下为英文原文：
Get your reviewers to help publish your paper ( part 3)
Write nice things about likely referees
Be kind to all authors you cite, but particularly to those who are likely to be referees.
Explain why their works are significant for your analysis. Write one or two sentences about the contributions of each of the most likely referees and how their works are related to yours. This takes up less than 1% of the space, but it can affect the probability of acceptance significantly.
Do not attack referees after you receive their comments
Generally, it is not a good idea to attack the reviewers. If you don’t think you should change a specific part of your paper, based on reviewers comments be careful how you answer. Do not say: “The reviewer’s idea is bad, but mine is good.” Better to say, the reviewer has an interesting idea, but my idea is also good, especially under these conditions. Try to find conditions in which the reviewer’s idea would be true, so you are not directly conflicting with him. Then explain how the conditions are different so you are taking a different approach. This allows him to save face in front of the journal editor and let you pass on not changing part of your paper.
In conclusion, try to get the reviewers on your side by not criticizing them directly in your paper references. Try to get your friends as reviewers. Try to say nice things about the reference’s contribution to your field. Hide references to people who may not like you, and be polite when you receive reviewer’s comments. If you can do these things the probability of acceptance will increase and you’ll make more friends in academia.
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