【干货】这么多年作文都白写了…这些万能的论据助你SAT写作更上一层楼！

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在阅读一篇文章的时候，我们不禁会询问：“作者是如何知道这些事的?”“我又为什么要相信这个写文章的人?” 所以，要使文章具有说服力就必须能够提供真实可靠的证据，这也就是我们所说的“论据”。而在SAT作文写作中，有哪几种论据可以帮我们更好的阐述观点呢？

Ethos (Appeal to ethics) /信誉证明

一次亲身的经历或者一个权威的身份都可以帮助作者“验明证身”。

举个例子：SAT OG Practice Essay 1

More than a decade ago, [my wife] Rosalynn and I had the fortunate opportunity to camp and hike in these regions of the Arctic Refuge. During bright July days, we walked along ancient caribou trails and studied the brilliant mosaic of wildflowers, mosses, and lichens that hugged the tundra. There was a timeless quality about this great land. As the never-setting sun circled above the horizon, we watched muskox, those shaggy survivors of the Ice Age, lumber along braided rivers that meander toward the Beaufort Sea.

以上段落节选自美国前总统Jimmy Carter为“Arctic National Wildlife Refuge”所著的前言文章。如何让读者更好地看到Arctic Refuge的美呢?作者讲述了一段故事，他用自己和妻子的亲身经历向读者描绘了一幅恢弘壮阔的野生风光，让读者更加坚信了这份永恒的美。

Pathos (Appeal to emotion)/ 情感证明

冷冰冰的数据和高高在上的权威不足以俘虏读者的心，有时还需要情感上的共鸣。

举个例子：SAT OG Practice Essay 2

Perhaps a more tragic recognition of reality took place when it became clear to me that the war was doing far more than devastating the hopes of the poor at home. It was sending their sons and their brothers and their husbands to fight and to die in extraordinarily high proportions relative to the rest of the population. We were taking the black young men who had been crippled by our society and sending them eight thousand miles away to guarantee liberties in Southeast Asia which they had not found in southwest Georgia and East Harlem. And so we have been repeatedly faced with the cruel irony of watching Negro and white boys on TV screens as they kill and die together for a nation that has been unable to seat them together in the same schools. And so we watch them in brutal solidarity burning the huts of a poor village, but we realize that they would hardly live on the same block in Chicago. I could not be silent in the face of such cruel manipulation of the poor.

这个段落节选自美国黑人民权运动领袖Martin Luther King Jr. 的演讲“Beyond Vietnam – A Time to Break Silence”。为了唤起人们对政法参与越南战争的不满，马丁路德金在本段中特意以活生生的家庭成员为切入点，以种族不平等的敏感话题为讽刺，同时加以大量对战争残酷和悲痛性的描述。这些都足以激起读者强烈的认同感。

Logos (Appeal to logic)/ 逻辑证明

长期接触出国考试的考生对这种方式可谓是再熟悉不过了：阅读文章看逻辑，篇章写作看逻辑，甚至词汇填空和听力理解都要借助逻辑思维。何谓有“逻辑”呢?简单来说，就是有因必有果，有理需有据，由此能及彼，由表可及里。

举个例子：SAT OG Practice Essay 3

Early tech use has cognitive benefits as well. Although parenting experts have questioned the value of educational games—as Jim Taylor, author of Raising Generation Tech, puts it, “they’re a load of crap . . . meant to make money”—newstudies have shown they can add real value. In a recent study by SRI, a nonprofit research firm, kids who played games like Samorost (solving puzzles) did 12% better on logic tests than those who did not. And at MIT’s Education Arcade, playing the empire-building game Civilization piqued students’ interest in history and was directly linked to an improvement in the quality of their history-class reports.

这个段落节选自Eliana Dockterman的文章“The Digital Parent Trap”。作者试图告诉读者尽早接触科技对孩子们是件好事。所谓“有理必有据”，在表明态度之后，Eliana立即用SRI和MIT的调差研究来加以论证，从两组对比中让读者对科技的利处一目了然。

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尽在环球教育SAT精英课程

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时间

2018年3月24日周六下午3点

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