奎因的学生时代
(高中至博士后,19221933
选自《我生命中的时光:奎因自传》
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译者:翟玉章
页码为英语原版页码
目录
7. High School(高中)…36
【职业选择中的荣誉动机和兴趣动机。文艺少年。“我发现了”和了解宇宙的欲望。对词源的兴趣。打零工。致意者滑稽俱乐部。
8. Civilized Society(文明生活)…42
9. Freshman(大一)…49
10. Sophomore and Junior(大二和大三)…54
11. Wild West(西大荒)…60
12. Europe and After(欧洲及以后)…68
13. Transplanted(迁居)…75
14. Graduate Study(研究生学业)…82
15. Sheldon Fellow(谢尔登研究员)…86
16. Vienna(维也纳)…92
17. Prague and After(布拉格及以后)…96
18. Warsaw and After(华沙及以后)…101
[1922] In January 1922 I graduated from Portage Path and entered West High School, a mile and a half from Orchard Road. Within the limits of my generally unenthusiastic attitude toward schoolwork, I was comparatively happy with grammar—with the diagramming of English sentences and my introduction to Latin. Also I liked algebra. After a year, the time came to choose among four programs: Classical, Scientific, Technical, and Commercial. It was time, or so I supposed, to think about a career.
[1922]19221月,我从波迪奇·帕思学校毕业,进入距果园路1.5英里的韦斯特高级中学。虽说我对课业总的说来没有什么热情,但相对说来我比较喜欢文法——英语句子的图解和拉丁语入门。另外我也喜欢代数。一年后,到了分科的时候了,有文科、理科、工科和商科等四个选项。这该是(至少我自己这样认为)考虑职业生涯的时候了。
There is that which one wants to do for the glory of having done it, and there is that which one wants to do for the joy of doing it. One can want to be a scientist because he wants to see himself as a Darwin or an Einstein, and one can want to be a scientist because he is curious about what makes things tick. The crackpot is motivated in the first way. He extols some shabby idea which he has conceived for the purpose not really of clarifying the world to himself, but of shaking it. Such being his purpose, he is not his idea’s severest critic. In normal cases the two kinds of motivation are in time brought to terms. In early youth one aspires to be president and millionaire and cowboy, independently of any interest in state or business or cows. Later, substantive interests contribute increasingly.
有些人想做某项事业,为的是做了以后的荣誉,有些人想做某项事业,为的是做的过程中的乐趣。一个人想成为科学家,可能是因为他向往着自己成为一个达尔文或爱因斯坦,也可能是因为他对事物的运行机制有一种好奇心。狂人们抱有第一种动机,他提出并宣扬某个蹩脚的观念,但其实他并不想用它来弄清这个世界,而是想用它来动摇这个世界。由于抱着这样一个目的,他便不能严肃地对待那个观念。在正常情况下,这两种动机会适时地达成妥协。一个人在年轻的时候可能会向往成为总统、百万富翁或牛仔,尽管他真正的兴趣并不在国务、商业或牛群上。后来,实质的兴趣发挥的作用会越来越大。
In me the glory motive lingered sufficiently to prevent my {37}contemplating a career as a cartographer or stamp dealer, despite those substantive interests. In school I was doing well in mathematics, a domain with more scope for ambition; so there was the thought of engineering. The insides of machines bored me, but there remained, I was told, civil engineering. No one thought of an academic career.
{37}在我身上,荣誉的动机存留的时间很长,这使我不想成为一个制图员或邮票交易商,尽管我对这两种职业的兴趣是真实的。在学校里,我的数学学得不错。数学可以成就的事业范围很广,所以我想过做一名工程师。机器的内部结构让我感到乏味,但我听说土木工程还不错。没有人想到过学术方面的职业。
I chose the Scientific Course. It meant stopping Latin after Caesar. It meant laboratory work, which I disliked. Mathematics went well, but still, in reaction perhaps to the main trend of my course, I began to look to writing. Here I was moved more by the glory motive than by taste or talent. In my stamp paper my style was straightforward, but it turned labored and pretentious when I wrote for writing’s sake. However, I wrote for the school paper and became editor of the senior annual.
我选择了理科。这意味着不用学习凯撒以后的拉丁语。这也意味着要做实验,这是我所不喜欢的。数学倒学得不错,但也许是出于对主科的逆反心理吧,我开始喜欢起写作来了。我从事写作的动机不是内在的兴趣或天赋,而是对荣誉的爱慕。我的邮票文章的风格是直截了当的,但当我为了写作而写作时,风格却变得做作而浮华。不过,我为校报写过文章,还当过高年级年报的编辑。
I even won the school poetry contest. Little was required.
我甚至还轻松地在学校的诗作比赛中得过奖。
In the limpid lunar light of a sleepy summer night
Down a winding stream we glide in my canoe.
Hoary oaks with branches spread form a lattice overhead
And a mottled mat of moonlight filters through.
To the paddle’s drowsy drip, o’er the liquid glass we slip
Down a silhouetted aisle of black and white
While the locusts’ distant wheeze ’mid the dank and dripping trees
But intensifies the stillness of night.
在一个月光皎洁、昏昏欲睡的夏日夜晚
我们划着独木舟徜徉在一条蜿蜒的小溪中。
老橡树的枝桠在头顶上蔓延
投下斑驳的月影。
我们沿着有黑白轮廓的通道,划过平静的水面
船桨带起沉寂的水滴
湿冷的树丛间传来蝗虫遥远的鸣声
但更显出了夜的寂静。
In this last line, so incongruously good on the heels of its outrageous precursor, the teacher sensed a familiar ring. I was offended. She could not place it, but perhaps I did unwittingly plagiarize the line. If so, one of my well-read readers can identify the source. I cannot.
垫底的那句妙语与前面拙劣的诗句相比,显得鹤立鸡群,老师有一种似曾相识感。我很生气。她并不能指出它的出处。也许我是无意中抄来的,但如果确实如此,我的涉猎广泛的读者们当能指出它的出处。我不能。
My mother’s revered brother Willard had liked Poe, from whose stories she recoiled with a tolerant shudder; so it was commendable and indeed manly to like Poe. I read all of Poe. I was enthralled by some of his poems, but I suspect that my taste for his tales was somewhat self-induced. {38}Anyway, a summer midway in high school found me effortfully writing, trying to evoke a mood of horror in a style yet more pompous than Poe’s.
我母亲所尊敬的兄长威拉德曾经喜欢过爱伦坡,他小说中的恐怖气氛让她感到害怕,但尚可容忍;因此喜欢爱伦坡是值得称赞的,是有男子气的表现。我阅读了爱伦坡的所有作品。他的一些诗让我着了迷,但是我怀疑我对他小说的兴趣是自我暗示的结果。{38}无论如何,我在高中阶段中途的一个夏天,曾努力地写作,试图用比爱伦坡更夸张的笔法制造出一种恐怖气氛。
An interest in philosophy, foreshadowed slightly perhaps by two insights already noted, was abetted by Poe’s “Eureka.”Then, at the end of high school, I acquired two philosophy books from Bob, who was studying at Oberlin. They were Max Otto’s Things and Ideals and William James’s Pragmatism. I read them compulsively and believed and forgot all. Also I read Swami Vivekenanda’s Raja Yoga. It was not a notably philosophical phase; I was also doing other pretentious reading, including Ibsen, Edward Young, and Samuel Butler.
我对哲学的兴趣,其先兆也许是我前面曾经说过的两个洞见,但现在被爱伦坡的我发现了Eureka)这篇散文诗激活了。这时已经快高中毕业的我,从正在奥伯林学院读书的鲍勃那里得到了两本哲学书。它们是麦克斯·奥托的《事物和理念》和威廉·詹姆斯的《实用主义》。我读得津津有味,也相信他们的学说,但后来却全部忘记了。我也读斯哇密·维韦卡南达的《珞迦瑜伽》。我当时的心思并不在哲学上,自命不凡地读了其它一些书,它们的作者包括易卜生、爱德华·杨和塞缪尔·巴特勒。
Thus when I finished high school in January 1926 my interest in philosophy was partly spurious and partly real. “Eureka,” for all its outrageousness, fostered the real thing: the desire to understand the universe.
因此,当我19261月从高中毕业时,我对哲学的兴趣,部分是虚浮的,部分是真实的。我发现了这首诗,尽管写得非常夸张,但确实强化了我发自内心的渴望了解宇宙的欲望。
But I conceived a new interest at about the end of high school: word origins. It did not issue from school; my enthusiasms seldom did. My source was George H. McKnight, English Words and their Background, which I borrowed from the public library. I do not know why. Naturally the subject proved fascinating. An interest in foreign languages, like an interest in stamps, accorded with my taste for geography. Grammar, moreover, appeals to the same sense that is gratified by mathematics, or by the structure of boundaries and road networks. Etymology, more particularly, was a bonanza. Here one can pursue scientific method without a laboratory, and check one’s hypotheses in a dictionary. Each etymology is a case, in miniature, of the strange road home.
但我在高中毕业前夕有了一个新的兴趣:词源。这个兴趣不是来自于学校教育;我的热情很少是由学校教育激发的。这种兴趣的来源是我从公共图书馆借来的乔治·H.麦克奈特(George H. McKnight)的《英语词及其背景》(English Words and their Background)一书。我不知道我为什么要借这本书。自然,这个书名是非常吸引人的。对外语的兴趣,与对邮票的兴趣一样,都是与我对地理的兴趣相吻合的。而且,从语法中得到的满足感,也和在数学中,在边界和道路的结构中得到的满足感有相通之处。词源学尤其是一个丰富的矿藏。这里,人们可以运用科学的方法,对提出的假说进行检验,不过不需要实验室,只需要一本词典。每一个词源都是一条具体而微的引领我们回家的陌生的路。
Besides closing out my enterprises in stamps and maps during high school vacations, I had jobs. One summer I worked in my father’s factory, on tire molds—perhaps for Firestone. After the molds had been cast, the tire manufacturer had had second thoughts and decided to indent his tires with suction cups. To adapt the molds to this innovation, little steel bosses were to be riveted along the inner surfaces of the molds, one boss for each suction cup. My job {39}was to drill two little holes in each boss, for rivets. With my left hand I would hold the little chunk of steel firmly in pliers, and with my right I would lower the fierce drill press onto it, while a trickle of wet graphite played on the grim contact. Sometimes the thin drill would snap in two, a resounding response to a moment’s clumsiness. It was harsh work, exacting and violent.
在高中假期期间,我不再经营邮票和地图业务,而是打零工。有一个夏天,我到我父亲的工厂里干活。他们制造轮胎模具,大概是为凡世通制造的。当模子被浇铸后,轮胎制造商改变主意,决定要用吸盘对它进行缩进处理。为了适应这项新技术,必须沿着模具内表面将钢突出用铆钉钉牢,每个吸盘需要一个突出。{39}我的任务是在每个突出处钻出两个可以钉进铆钉的孔。我左手握着钳子夹紧钢板,右手趁着石墨液滴滴入界面的当儿用锋利的钻头钻孔。有时候,反应稍微迟钝些,钻头就会断成两截。这是件苦差事,既需要体力又需要细心。
The next summer I worked in my father’s office, preparing payroll. My father’s second-in-command looked at my accounts one day and told me they should be in ink, not pencil. I retorted that they were in ink. He was annoyed; he had to believe his eyes. In fact my ink was old and watery, and looked like pencil. What strikes me in retrospect is my resentful reaction, where I might have pleasantly replied that it was bad ink and that I would change it. It seems that unconsciously I have always resented a boss. My tendency to be impatient with schoolwork, while intellectually active in other lines, was perhaps part of the same syndrome.
第二年夏天,我在我父亲的办公室里做发放工资的准备工作。我父亲的二把手看了看我准备的账目,对我说应该用墨水来写。我回嘴说是用墨水写的。他气恼了;他得相信自己的眼睛。事实上,我用的是又旧又淡的墨水,所以表格看上去像是用铅笔写的样子。现在回顾这件事,给我印象很深的是我那憎恨式的反应态度。其实,我完全可以心平气和地回答说,那是不好的墨水,我换一下吧。看来,我对上司有一种无意识的憎恨。我对课业不耐而在课外的智力活动中却很活跃,可能也与这种抗上症有关。
In one of those summers I worked for J. Koch, clothier, at the haberdashery counter. I acquired a skill there: how to loop a necktie quickly about the fingers so as to show how it would look knotted.
有一年夏天,我在服装商J.科赫的男士服装部工作。在那里我学会了一个技术:迅速把领带绕在手指上,演示这条领带打好结的效果。
I worked in the post office for a week or two with Bob and a classmate of his, sorting mail during the Christmas rush. We stood before banks of pigeonholes, busily reversing the entropy that kept billowing in. it was not unpleasant as routine work goes, but it left me subject to hemorrhoids.
我曾与鲍勃和他的一个同学,于繁忙的圣诞节期间在邮局做过一两个星期的邮件分拣员的工作。我们站在分类架前,将滚滚而来的邮件分拣整齐。它不像常规作业那么无趣,但我落下了痔疮的毛病。
Another painful affliction was boils, big and frequent. A third torment has been hay fever, which, like the hemorrhoids, dates from an identifiable occasion. Joe Weller came to Ellan Vannin and we took my mother for a canoe ride. There is a narrow canal called the Raceway that winds gently, despite its name, for a shady mile from a dam in the Tuscarawas to supply the East Reservoir. We paddled the length of it serenely from lake to dam, as I had often done. Then we were moved by a spirit of adventure to lift the canoe over into the Tuscarawas at its outflow from the dam and try paddling down that little river. Fallen trees soon {40}barred our way, so we had to carry the canoe over to the Raceway. It meant crossing a broad field of ragweed, breathing heavily as the two of us lugged the canoe, heavy with its layers of paint. The allergy has plagued me intermittently over the subsequent sixty years.
另一个折磨我的病痛是疖子,又大又频繁。第三个病痛是花粉过敏,这和痔疮一样,可以追溯到确定的场合。乔·韦勒来到埃伦·瓦宁,我们带着我母亲乘独木舟玩。有一条名为跑道的窄窄的一英里长的阴暗水道,从塔斯卡拉沃斯的水坝名不副实地蜿蜒通向东水库。我们像我往常所做的那样,从湖里出发,宁静地往水坝方向划去。然后,我们被冒险精神支使,移舟至塔斯卡拉沃斯河,在坝的外流处沿河划向下游。{40}倒下的树很快阻住我们的去路,所以我们只好再把独木舟搬到跑道。这意味着要越过宽阔的豚草区;我们两个小伙子气喘吁吁地拖着有着很沉涂料层的独木舟。过敏症在随后的60年间一直断断续续地折磨着我。
In high school the lump of learning was leavened by nonsense, thanks largely to Charles William Ufford. We were schoolmates of long standing. I called him Charlie Bill, in retaliation for a Billy Van. He was a studious-looking boy and was at or near the top of the class through all the years. He was a wag, taking after his father, whom he would quote appreciatively: “the duck was so tough you couldn’t stick a fork in the gravy.”“You could float one of those Mississippi steamboats on a heavy dew.”Before Charlie could talk plain he is said to have declared something to be poddidickus, and his parents at length determined that he meant “positively ridiculous.”It was in character.
在高中阶段,学业上的负担被诙谐的笑话所冲淡,这多亏了查尔斯·威廉·厄福特。我们是多年的老同学。他叫我比利·范(Billy Van),我则针锋相对地叫他查理·比尔(Charlie Bill)。他是一个学习用功的孩子,成绩在班上一直名列前茅。他是个幽默的人,像他父亲一样。他经常满怀赞赏地引用他父亲的话:鸭子硬得无法下箸。”“只要有一滴重露水,你就可以让密西西比的轮船浮起来。在查里能流利地说话前,他经常发出poddidickus的声音来形容某个事物,他的父母后来弄明白他想表达的意思是太荒谬了positively ridiculous)。这是他的个性使然。
My brother Bob was exposed to high-school French before I was, and saw fit to teach me to say “Est-ce que je ne trouve pas le livre?”followed by two gurgles which, he lied, expressed interrogation. I passed my gentle accomplishment along to Charlie Bill. He Anglicized it as “Ask the cushion of truth when Polly leave,”though admittedly uneasy over the subjunctive.
我哥哥鲍勃先于我在高中学习法语。他认为他适合教我说:“Est-ce que je ne trouve pas le livre?”我就找不到那本书了吗?)接着他咯咯地笑起来,他撒谎说,那是用来表示句子的疑问语气的。我把这一小小成就通报给了查理·比尔。不料他将它英语化为“Ask the cushion of truth when Polly leave”(当波利离开的时候,向垫子问明真相),只是对改写的句子中的虚拟语气感到不安。
Charlie and I were given to farfetched word play. A frequent dish in the high school cafeteria, peas-and-carrots, was for us zankieson the strength of its second syllable. Girls who crowded ahead in the cafeteria queue were entomological American Indians, for bee plus redskin, for breadskin, for crust. Outrageousness as such seemed somehow amusing. We collaborated twice in nonsense literature, and I venture to reproduce one of the pieces.
查理和我玩牵强的文字游戏。高中食堂里有一道豌豆加胡萝卜的菜,我们称为zankies,只是因为它的第二个音节与原词的类似性。在食堂里挤着排队的女孩们属于昆虫学上的美洲印第安人,原因在于蜜蜂(bee)加红皮肤(redskin),在于面包皮(breadskincrust)。这些表演中的夸张成分带来了某种乐趣。我们还在荒诞文学中两度合作,下面我不揣冒昧地把当时我创作的一段文字公布出来。
The sun beamed patronizingly upon the glowering earth. Much as the lark at twilight,, Olaf O’Hara might have been seen that bright September morn doggedly picking his way along the boulevard. The brilliant lights of Broadway flooded the Stygian gloom with beckoning {41}beams of iridescence. Like sirens of Charybdis, they lured the weary wayfarer to Elysia of rabid revelry. But the stalwart Olaf heeded them not, for his thoughts were all of little Audrey. Audrey, pinnacle of dreams! Audrey, fairest flower of a fled youth!
太阳微笑地看着愤怒的地球。就像早起的云雀一样,奥拉夫·奥哈拉迎着九月的晨曦,沿着林荫大道,固执而谨慎地前行。{41}百老汇明亮的灯光把冥间的昏暗照亮,露出诱人的彩虹色笑魇。它们就像布律卡迪斯的警报一样,引诱着倦怠的旅人们投入它们的盛宴。但坚强的奥拉夫抵挡住了诱惑,因为他的心思全部都在可爱的奥黛丽身上。奥黛丽,令他魂绕梦牵!奥黛丽,令他回到了失去的花样年华!
Grim determination cast a migratory shadow over Olaf’s finely chiseled features. Shifting his quid in the interests of enunciation, he muttered desperately, “Audrey is the sweetest, sunniest little thing. You’ve no idea.”Liberty, equality, fraternity—was it worth it? Olaf had decided. One course lay open to him, and he would follow it or die in the attempt. Groping his way franticly through the gathering gloom, he emerged victorious on the topmost crag.
奥拉夫轮廓分明的脸上露出坚定的神色。为了给自己壮胆,他一个劲地向自己低语:奥黛丽是最温柔、最阳光的可人儿。你是想像不出来的。自由、平等、博爱,这些还抵不上自己的辛劳吗?奥拉夫已经作出了决定。他前面只有一条路,他要么沿着它达到自己的目的,要么功亏一篑。他拼命摆脱阴暗的想法,终于他胜利地登上了最高的悬崖。
“More! More!”shouted the rabid rabble in ecstasy as his frenzied wails of agony glided stealthily over the rapidly receding horizon. Olaf bowed modestly and continued. “Friends, I repeat: true democracy should ever be contempered with due regard for the Newtonian hypothesis of nebular ratiocination. Should we allow our homes to be devastated, our children led into slavery, our very beingspromulgated, by the mailed fist of tyranny? I offer you an opportunity, the chance of a lifetime. I stammered once myself; now look at me! All I am or ever hope to be I owe to little Audrey.”Convolving deliriously, the maddened throng united in eleven resounding cheers for Santa Claus and the fatherland and bore Olaf away triumphant.
更高!更高!悬崖下的一群狂热的乌合之众朝着正痛苦万分地退出他们视野的奥拉夫喊道。奥拉夫向他们鞠了个躬,继续向后退去。朋友们,我重申:真正的民主并不逊色于牛顿的宇宙假说。难道我们要允许专制的暴力蹂躏我们的家园,虐待我们的孩子,并强迫我们自己流浪天涯吗?我给你们一个机会,一个终生的机会。我又说不下去了;看着我!我所有的一切以及我渴望所拥有的一切都归于可爱的奥黛丽。疯狂的人们围成了圈,对着圣诞老人和祖国欢呼着,喜气洋洋地将奥拉夫夺走了。
Clowning was rife, and not just with Charlie Bill. Prompted by the “Charlie Bill”and “Billy Van”bit, a group of us took to calling one another by our middle names or, in the case of J. Rollin Chenot, by first name. A comic club, the Greeters, came into being with this usage as one of its customs. Greeter greeted Greeter boisterously and with a prolonged and vigorous handshake, which would continue throughout a joint incantation of a piece of nonsense called the Greeter Truce. It began, “Books, ties, vests, flies, shoelaces, socks, collars, snaps, trips, cards, ink, Eskimo Pies”and wore on to fifty places. It was a compact not to violate {42}one another’s person or effects in any of the enumerated particulars. If the truce was violated within twenty-four hours, the victim would cite the offense and the culprit would proffer his upper arm saying “Please hit me five times, Billy Van”—or Johnnie Rol, or Billy Bellman, or Eddie Art, or whoever. To my sorrow Charlie Bill was never a Greeter; someone kept blackballing him.
滑稽行为并不只是查理·比尔才有,而是很普遍。受到我们的诨名查里·比尔比利·的影响,我们一群孩子开始彼此之间相互叫着这样的由中间名生成的诨名,而在罗林·奇奈特这样的中间名不足的情形中,就用上他的首名。我们还形成了一个叫做致意者Greeters)的滑稽俱乐部,以诨名相称就是内部的习惯之一。当致意者碰到致意者时,故意大声叫着彼此的诨名,并且长时间热烈地握手,然后说一套俱乐部中的暗语,这个暗语开头是这样的:书,领带,背心,苍蝇,鞋带,袜子,衣领,衣扣,领扣,旅行,卡片,墨水,爱斯基摩馅饼,最后以50个地名结束。{42}俱乐部章程规定成员之间不得互相侵犯人身及其物品。如果有人违背了章程,那么受害者在24小时内可以提出申诉,违规的一方则伸出胳膊向对方说:请打我五下,比利·”——或者约翰尼·罗尔,或比利·贝尔曼,或者埃迪·阿特,视受害者是谁而定。但让我遗憾的是,查理·比尔一直没能成为我们中的一员;有人对他的加入投了反对票。
We had a clubroom over a member’s garage. Of an evening we were given to pounding concrete, which was to say, trooping along the sidewalks. When one of us departed at last for home, there was effusive and boisterous valediction. Having gone our respective ways, we would turn and run back repeatedly, howling, to resume the farewells. It was happy hilarity, unsupported by alcohol except for a few occasions when we found access to hard cider.
俱乐部的聚会室设在一个成员家的车库里。我们喜欢在晚上敲打混凝土,也就是说,沿着人行道成群结队而行。当其中一个人终于要回家时,总要发表一个热烈而动情的告别辞。各自分手后,我们还会转回头跑向对方,彼此嚎叫着,再来一次告别仪式。虽然没有酒精助兴,但场面也够欢快的了。我们只在很少的几个场合中才会饮些苹果酒。
In my case the Greeter custom of favoring the middle name became entrenched, and I have regretted it. Knowing me as Van, people reasonably construe my surname as “Van Quine.”I get listed under the wrong letter. Even apart from this mistake, my middle name is a nuisance. My name in full is excessive, and reduced forms “W. Van Orman Quine,”“W. Van O. Quine,”“W. van O. Quine,”and “W. V. O. Quine”strike an American ear or eye as affected. If my first name had remained dominant, then “Willard V. Quine”or “W. V. Quine”or, best of all, “Willard Quine”would have prevailed as a matter of course. When at last I proposed to cut the Gordian knot and publish as Willard Quine, my wife and friends told me it was too late; I had published too much.
就我本人而言,对中间名的青睐这一致意者的习惯根深蒂固,我后来后悔了。由于大家都知道我叫范,所以人们合理地推测我的姓是范·奎因。所以在姓名索引中就把我排错了队。即使撇开这个错误不谈,我的中间名也让人厌烦。我的全名太长了,而它的简化形式“W. Van Orman Quine”“W. Van O. Quine”“W. van O. Quine”“W. V. O. Quine”,一般的美国人听起来会觉得不自然。如果我的首名在使用中一直处于优势,那么威拉德·V.奎因“W.V.奎因,或者更好的威拉德·奎因会自然而然地成为我名字的缩写形式。我后来终于果断地建议,把威拉德·奎因作为我在出版物上的署名。但是我的妻子和朋友告诉我,这个建议来得太迟了,因为我已经发表了太多的东西。
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