Male Mosquitoes Sucked Blood Too — Then Went Plant-Based to Survive: Researcher
研究表明, 雄性蚊子也吸血——然后以植物为生

Turns out male mosquitoes were just as blood-thirsty as female ones.
原来,雄蚊曾经和雌蚊一样嗜血。
Today, only female mosquitoes suck blood from humans and other animals. But two newly examined male mosquito fossils indicate that this may not have always been the case, with self-preservation possibly the reason for males losing their thirst for blood. 
如今,只有雌性蚊子才吸人类和其他动物的血。但两具新发现的雄蚊化石表明,情况可能并非总是如此,自我保护可能是雄蚊失去吸血欲望的原因。
In a study published Monday in the journal Current Biology, researchers from China, Lebanon, France, and the United States say that two fossilized male mosquitoes also possess piercing mouthparts that only female mosquitoes possess today.
周一,来自中国、黎巴嫩、法国和美国的研究人员在《当代生物学》杂志上发表的一项研究报告中说,两具雄蚊化石也拥有如今只有雌蚊才拥有的穿刺口器。
The fossils, discovered in pieces of amber in Lebanon dating to the Early Cretaceous period around 130 million years ago, are the oldest known mosquito fossils and push back the fossil record of mosquitoes by nearly 30 million years.
这些化石是在黎巴嫩的琥珀碎片中发现的,可追溯到距今约1.3亿年前的早白垩世时期,是已知最古老的蚊子化石,将蚊子化石的记录向前推了近3000万年。

The male mosquitoes both have sharp and elongated triangular mandibles and laciniae with small teeth — strong evidence that they were blood-drinkers, said Dany Azar, the study’s lead researcher from the Nanjing Institute of Geology and Paleontology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Lebanese University. 
这项研究的首席研究员、中国科学院南京地质古生物研究所和黎巴嫩大学的达尼·阿扎尔说,雄蚊都有锋利而修长的三角形下颚和带有小牙齿的裂口--这是它们是饮血动物的有力证据。
“They function like scissors. The mandibles can make a hole in the skin while they have these denticles, which will help to cut the skin when entering,” Azar told Sixth Tone.
"它们的功能就像剪刀。下颚可以在皮肤上开一个洞,而它们有这些小齿,这有助于在进入皮肤时剪开皮肤,"阿扎尔告诉第六声调。
According to Azar, male mosquitoes’ blood-sucking mouthparts may have degenerated because of the gradual emergence of angiosperms, or flowering plants, which can directly provide them with energy and sugar.
根据阿扎尔的说法,雄蚊的吸血口器可能已经退化,因为被子植物(即开花植物)逐渐出现,可以直接为它们提供能量和糖分。
“It’s safer for them. They never saw a flower hit them, but all the tetrapods will act the same way as humans when attacked by mosquitoes — by hitting them,” said Azar.
"这对它们来说更安全。阿扎尔说:"它们从未见过花朵打它们,但所有的四足动物在受到蚊子攻击时都会采取与人类相同的行动--打它们。
Female mosquitoes may not have seen their diets switch as they continued to need blood, which has high amounts of protein and nutrients, to help develop their ovaries for reproductive purposes, Azar explained.
阿扎尔解释说,雌蚊可能不会改变它们的饮食习惯,因为它们仍然需要含有大量蛋白质和营养物质的血液来帮助发育卵巢,以达到繁殖目的。
While the earliest fossil record of mosquitoes dates back to the Cretaceous Period, the insect may have emerged during the Jurassic Period more than 145 million years ago, the researchers said. 
研究人员说,虽然最早的蚊子化石记录可以追溯到白垩纪,但这种昆虫可能出现在1.45亿年前的侏罗纪。
The discovery has sparked discussion on Chinese social media, with netizens comparing the news with classic movie “Jurassic Park,” in which scientists used the blood of fossilized mosquitoes to extract the DNA of dinosaurs in order to clone them.
这一发现在中国社交媒体上引发了讨论,网民们将这一消息与经典电影《侏罗纪公园》相提并论,在《侏罗纪公园》中,科学家利用蚊子化石的血液提取恐龙的DNA,以克隆恐龙。
Unfortunately for Chinese dinosaur enthusiasts, Azar dismissed the idea. “We have wonderful preservation of the mosquitoes’ structures, but not the (DNA). Normally, if we expose any DNA for some seconds to sunlight or X-ray, that’s immediately broken.”
对于中国的恐龙爱好者来说,不幸的是,阿扎尔否定了这一想法。他说:"我们很好地保存了蚊子的结构,但(DNA)却没有。通常情况下,如果我们将任何DNA暴露在阳光或X射线下几秒钟,它就会立即坏掉。"

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