2023年9月30日的《经济学人》中有篇文章,讲的是中国经济呈现复苏态势,和大家分享里面出现的几个实用表达。
01
play second fiddle to
His brief—safeguarding prosperity—remains important. But it often plays second fiddle to safeguarding security, broadly defined.
他的任务是保繁荣,这仍然很重要。但在更广泛的定义下,保稳定往往更重要。
这句话体现了当前中国经济的优先次序:先保稳定、再促发展。
brief 在这里是个熟词僻义,指 the instructions that a person is given explaining what their job is and what their duties are “任务简介、指示”,如:
It wasn't part of his brief to speak to the press. 
交付他的任务不包括向新闻界发言。 
play second fiddle to 是个很常见的表达,意思是 to be treated as less important than sb/sth “居次要地位、当副手、唱配角”,这个短语可以用在口语中,也可以用于写作,看一个英剧《唐顿庄园》里的例子:
10多年前《卫报》中有篇文章分析了国际局势,文中也出现了这个表达:
China may still be happy to play second fiddle to the US here.
这方面中国依然愿意屈居美国之后。
如今中国在很多领域能和美国平起平坐了。
Play second fiddle to 可以和 be subordinate tobe secondary to 替换,看两个例句:
Career is always secondary to spending time with my family.
相比于我和家人在一起,事业总是排在第二位。
All other issues are subordinate to this one. 
所有其他问题都没有这一问题重要。
我们仿写一个句子:
尽管培养学生的创造力至关重要,但在当前的教育体系中,人们更看重考试成绩。
可以说:
While fostering creativity in students is crucial, it often plays second fiddle to the emphasis on standardized testing in the current education system.
02
be an author of
The well-connected Mr Hui is both an author of the group’s misfortune and key to its recovery.
许先生人脉广泛,他既是恒大集团不幸命运的根源,也是其复苏的关键人物。
well-connected 是形容词,指“人脉广泛的、社会关系强的”。
Mr Hui 指“许家印”,英文名是 Hui Ka Yan。
author 在这里是熟词僻义,它原本意思是“作者、创作者”,在一些商业或政治语境中,常引申为某个计划、项目、事件的“发起人”,如果 be an author of 后面加不好的结果,可理解为某个事件的“始作俑者、根源”。
我们造一个句子:
The influential industrialist is both an author of the environmental crisis and key to its resolution.
这位有影响力的工业家既是环境危机的制造者,也是解决问题的关键人物。
03
bottom out
The economy also seems to be bottoming out. Exports in August were higher than a month before.
中国经济似乎也在触底反弹。8月的出口环比有所增长。
bottom 在这里是动词,指“达到底部”,out 表示向外的方向,所以 bottom out 可以理解成“触底反弹”,常用于经济、金融、政治领域,指价格或局势降到最低点后开始反弹回升。看个例句:
The recession is finally beginning to show signs of bottoming out. 
经济衰退终于出现了走出谷底的迹象。
再看一个《摩登家庭》里的例句:
bottom out 的同义替换有很多,比如 emerge from the bottom, climb out of the bottom, edge up from its nadir.
edge 我们在公众号历史文章中讲过,可以作动词,表示“缓慢移动”。指路《粉丝打榜倒奶,如何看待变质的饭圈文化?》
nadir 是名词,指 the worst moment of a particular situation “最糟糕的时刻、最低点”,如:
the nadir of his career
他事业上的低谷
edge up from its nadir 的意思很好理解了:从最低点上升、触底回升。比如2023年9月30号的《经济学人》中有篇文章讲到客服质量下降、消费者变得更加挑剔,文中有句话用到了这个表达:
After rising steadily for two decades, the American Customer Satisfaction Index (ACSI), a barometer of contentment, began declining in 2018. Although it has edged up from its pandemic nadir, it has shed all of its gains since 2006.
在持续增长了二十年之后,衡量满意度的美国客户满意度指数(ACSI)于2018年开始下降。尽管它从疫情最低点有所上升,但已抹去2006年以来的所有涨幅。
我们用 bottom out,造个句子,关于就业:
Employment rates appear to be bottoming out as new job opportunities emerge in the tech sector.
随着科技行业出现新的工作机会,就业率似乎在触底回升。
今天讲到这里,希望对大家有帮助,感谢阅读!
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