刀郎沉寂十几年后,带着一首《罗刹海市》王者归来,获得了惊人的全球播放量,关于歌词隐喻的讨论也引爆网络。《经济学人》对这件事进行了报道,和大家分享一下。
这篇文章语言不难,简单讲解一下。
先看文章结构:
  1. 小说背景
  2. 歌词内涵
  3. 刀郎经历
  4. 网友解读

一、小说背景
《罗刹海市》这首歌以蒲松龄《聊斋志异》里的同名小说《罗刹海市》为创作背景,据说讽刺了当前娱乐圈的现状。我们先看一下小说《罗刹海市》讲了什么:
In the story “Luocha Haishi” a Chinese merchant gets lost at sea and ends up in a faraway land. The place is called Luocha, a word that refers to demons. But its people say they value beauty above all else, including in their leaders. So the merchant is shocked to find that the leaders have goblin-like faces. The higher their rank, the uglier they get. To win their favour, the merchant smears his own face with coal. The story, written by Pu Songling, a novelist during the Qing dynasty (1644–1912), is a metaphor about hypocrisy.
在小说《罗刹海市》中,一个中国商人在海上迷失,来到了一个遥远的国度。这个地方被称为“罗刹”,意味着妖魔之地。然而,这里的人们称他们非常看重美,连做官都要看长相。因此,当商人发现这里的领导竟然长着妖怪一般的面孔,他大为震惊。而且,职位越高,相貌越丑。为了赢得他们的好感,商人用煤炭把自己的脸涂黑。这个故事出自清代(1644-1912)小说家蒲松龄之手,旨在讽刺虚伪言行。
01
they value beauty above all else
value X above Y 表示“对X的重视程度高于Y”,同义替换有 prioritize X over Y、place a higher importance on X than Y、emphasize the value of X more than Y,写作中强调某物更重要时,就可以用这几个表达。
比如谈到就业、实习、课外活动或做志愿者等话题,我们可以套用这个句型来强调实践经验的重要性:
In today's competitive job market, employers often value relevant experience above formal education.
在当今竞争激烈的就业市场中,雇主往往更看重实际经验,而非正式教育。
再比如谈到生活方式、健康的话题,我们可以说:
A healthy lifestyle encourages people to value physical fitness above sedentary habits.
一个健康的生活方式鼓励人们更重视身体健康,而非久坐习惯。
02
smears his own face with coal
smear 的意思是涂抹,在这个段落中,smears his own face with coal 意指商人用煤炭把自己的脸涂黑。
另外,smear 还可以引申为抹黑、诽谤、玷污。搭配有:
smear campaign:诽谤活动,指故意传播虚假信息或不实指控来抹黑某人或组织。
political smear:政治诽谤,指在政治竞选中用虚假信息或攻击性言辞攻击对手。
smear someone's reputation:诋毁某人的名誉。
高启强安利的《孙子兵法》还没有掌握精髓,这回又种草了《聊斋志异》。

二、歌词内涵
It also shares its name with this summer’s hottest pop song in China. The ditty was released in July and quickly rose to the top of the country’s music platforms, inspiring hundreds of commentaries. Part of the song’s appeal is its cryptic message. The lyrics by Dao Lang, the 52-year-old singer, refer to someone as a “donkey” (slang for fool) and someone else as a “chicken” (slang for prostitute). Chinese are busy debating whom the artist is mocking.
“罗刹海市”也是今年夏天中国最热门的流行歌曲的名字。这首歌于七月发布,迅速登上了中国音乐平台榜首,引发数百篇评论。这首歌的吸引之处在于其隐晦的信息。歌词由 52 岁的歌手刀郎创作,里面称某人为“马户”(俗语,指傻瓜),用“鸡”(俗语,指妓女)代指另一个人。这首歌在内涵谁?人们陷入激烈的讨论。
03
It shares its name with this 
summer’s hottest pop song
share 的意思是“与…共用、共有、共享”,这里指的是歌和小说共同拥有相同的名称。表示某些人有共同兴趣,可以说 share a common interest,表示共同承担责任,可以说 share responsibilities
04
ditty
ditty
指 a short simple song 小曲、小调。

05
rose to the top of the country’s 
music platforms
rise to the top of...可以当成固定搭配记住,表示“登上...榜首”,类似的表达还有:
climb to the pinnacle of the country’s music charts
reach the zenith on the country's music platforms
soar to the highest position on the country’s music rankings.
06
inspiring hundreds of commentaries
inspire 在这里表示 to make sb have a particular feeling or emotion 使人产生某种感情,如:
His driving hardly inspires confidence.
他开车的技术让人难以放心。
sth inspires confidence 指“某事令人信服”。
文中 inspiring hundreds of commentaries 意思是“引发数百篇评论”,其中 inspire 也可以用 spark, generate, provoke 替换。
07
are busy debating
说到“讨论激烈”,我们最先想到的是 Recently, XX has become a hot topic,这个句型从高考用到了四六级、专四专八,土的掉渣,文中给我们提供了一个替换:be busy debating,非常简单的表达。
此外,也可以用以下句型表示:
X has been much talked about.
Much has been talked about X
Social media have reverberated with debate about...

三、刀郎经历
Some clues may be found in Dao Lang’s history. Originally from the province of Sichuan, he became famous in the early 2000s for his ballads celebrating migrant life in China’s far west. His songs were popular with blue-collar workers and farmers. But in 2010 a judge on a televised singing competition criticised his work, saying it lacked “aesthetic perspective”. Dao Lang produced little for the next decade.
我们或许可以在刀郎的经历中找到一些线索。他原本来自四川省,在21世纪00年代初因民谣走红,他的歌谣赞颂了中国西部农民工的生活,在蓝领工人和农民种很受欢迎。但在 2010 年,一位在电视歌唱比赛中担任评委的艺人批评了他的作品,称刀郎的歌缺乏“审美视角”。此后的十年里,刀郎很少创作。
08
ballads
ballad 指“民谣、民歌”,是对前文 ditty 的替换。
09
a televised singing competition
意思是“电视唱歌比赛”,指《中国好声音》。
10
aesthetic perspective(音标)
11
Dao Lang produced little for the 
next decade
produce 可以表示“创作、制作”,相当于 create/make,后面可以加书籍、饭菜、音乐、电影等词。看个例句:
How did you manage to produce a meal so quickly?
你怎么这么快就能做出一顿饭来?
文中 produce little 意思是“很少创作,鲜有作品”,同样,我们形容某个作家、音乐人“高产”时,就可以用 produce a lot 表示,或者用 prolific,如 a prolific writer.

四、网友解读
“Luocha Haishi” is his comeback anthem, and many listeners interpret it as an attack on his critics (Dao Lang had more than a few). Some read his reference to a brothel (妓院) as an allusion to the entertainment business.
《罗刹海市》是刀郎的回归之作,许多听众认为这首歌是对批评者(刀郎有很多批评者)的反击。他的歌中提到了十里花场,有人认为这是在影射娱乐圈。
12
his comeback anthem
comeback 名词,意思是“复出、重返”,常见搭配有:
stage/make a comeback 东山再起,重返舞台
be on the comeback trail 在重返之路上,正要复出
a long-awaited comeback 期盼已久的付出
13
more than a few
more than 是“超过”,a few = some,合起来 more than a few 超过一些,即“很多”,相当于 several, quite a few, many 等词。
类似的搭配还有:
more than enough 足够多的
more than likely 很有可能
14
read X as an allusion to Y
allusion 意思是“暗指、影射”,后面加介词 to,表示“影射某人、暗指某人”,如:
His statement was seen as an allusion to the recent drug-related killings.
他的声明被视为暗指最近与毒品有关的多起凶杀案。
read X as an allusion to Y 可以理解为:认为 X 是对 Y 的影射。
文中 Some read his reference to a brothel as an allusion to the entertainment business 意思是:有人认为,刀郎提到妓院,是在影射娱乐圈。

Other theories are more convoluted, such as that Dao Lang is attacking America. One version of this idea assumes the lyrics refer to Joe Biden, transgender officials and the Five Eyes intelligence alliance comprising America, Australia, Britain, Canada and New Zealand. It seems a little far-fetched.
其它解读更为复杂,比如有人认为刀郎在抨击美国。其中一个版本认为,歌词指的是拜登、跨性别官员和美国、澳大利亚、英国、加拿大、新西兰组成的五眼情报联盟。这种解读似乎有些牵强。
15
convoluted
convoluted 意思是 extremely complicated and difficult to follow “复杂的、曲折难懂的”,这个词可以形容某种理论或情况复杂、令人费解。
16
Five Eyes intelligence alliance
“五眼联盟”是由五个英语国家所组成的情报共享联盟,成员国包括美国、英国、加拿大、澳大利亚和新西兰,现在是全世界最大的情报组织。
17
far-fetched
far-fetched 意思是 very difficult to believe “牵强的、不太可能的”,这个词的意思来源于字面上的“抛得远”的含义,表示某个想法或解释距离真实情况较远,不太可能成立。同义替换有:implausible, unlikely, unbelievable.
有网友是这样解读的:
“当家的叉杆唤做马户”,马户合起来是驴,而民主党的 logo 就是一头驴,所以是在讽刺拜登领导的美国政府。
“那又鸟”隐喻美国国徽上的白头海雕。
“无论你咋样洗它也是个脏东西”是指美国做了很多见不得人的事,洗不干净。

At the end of his song, Dao Lang throws in a tongue-twisting reference to Ludwig Wittgenstein, a 20th-century Austrian philosopher. He seems to be drawing on Wittgenstein’s ideas about how language can distort reality. Some believe the song, then, is a broader critique of society. Others say it is nonsense. Dao Lang himself isn’t talking.
在歌曲结尾,刀郎插入了一段绕口令,提到了20世纪奥地利哲学家路德维希·维特根斯坦。他似乎在借用维特根斯坦的理论,即语言如何颠倒黑白。有人认为这首歌是对社会的更广泛批判,也有人认为这首歌胡言乱语。刀郎本人却没有多言。
18
throw in
throw in 在这里的意思是“加入、插入”,也就是在某个事物中加入另一个事物或元素,throws in a tongue-twisting reference to Ludwig Wittgenstein 可以理解成:加入了一段绕口令般的话,提到了路德维希·维特根斯坦。
再补充一个 throw on,表示 put on a piece of clothing quickly and carelessly “(匆匆)穿上”,这个短语在生活中很常见,看个 Kendall Jenner 在穿搭视频中的例句:
19
Ludwig Wittgenstein
指奥地利哲学家路德维希·维特根斯坦,他有一句名言:
Like everything metaphysical the harmoney between thought and reality is to be found in the grammar of the language.
如同一切形而上之事,思想与现实之间的和谐,在于语言如何运用。
grammar 除了“语法”的意思,也可以表示 a person's knowledge and use of a language “(人的)语言知识及运用能力”。
语言是我们描述事实的工具,但在有的人手里面,语言就变成了改变事实,甚至是攻击他人的武器。
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