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我们在感冒发痛时会去看医生。但为什么我们在经历类似心理伤害时不去就医呢？盖·温驰说我们此时大都独自疗伤。但这不是唯一出路。

他有力的论证了为何我们应该像对待身体一样照料我们的情绪和心理健康。如果我们开始关注情绪上的保健，了解如何走出失败的阴影，每个人的心理更健康，世上少一些孤独和抑郁，世界变得更积极更充满希望。

盖·温驰——美国心理学家、《情绪急救》的作者，在这个有趣的视频里解释了照顾情绪的必要性：我们需要像照顾身体一样去照顾自己的情绪。他以自己非同寻常的人生经历传达了清晰的信息。他也很自信地展示了自己的脆弱。这个TED演讲值得一看。

为什么情绪救急势在必行？

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I grew up with my identical twin, who was an incredibly loving brother. Now, one thing about being a twin is that it makes you an expert at spotting favoritism. If his cookie was even slightly bigger than my cookie, I had questions. And clearly, I wasn't starving.

我和我的双胞胎哥哥一起长大，他是个富有爱心的好兄弟。要知道，作为双胞胎，你很快就在一件事上成为专家，就是注意到偏爱。如果他的饼干比我的大，哪怕一点点，我就会质疑。当然我也没被饿着。

When I became a psychologist, I began to notice favoritism of a different kind; and that is, how much more we value the body than we do the mind. I spent nine years at university earning my doctorate in psychology,

当我成为一个心理学家，我开始注意到另一种不同的偏爱，那就是我们赋予我们的身体比精神更多的价值。我花了九年时间获得心理学博士学位，

and I can't tell you how many people look at my business card and say, "Oh -- a psychologist. So, not a real doctor," as if it should say that>但不知道有多少人看了我的名片说，“哦，心理学家，原来不是真正的医生。”就好像我的名片上就该明确说明似的。（笑声）这种对身体多于精神的偏爱随处可见。

I recently was at a friend's house, and their five-year-old was getting ready for bed. He was standing>我最近在朋友家，他们五岁的小孩准备上床睡觉。他站在小凳子上，在水池边刷牙，然后他滑了一下，摔倒的时候刮了他的腿。他哭了一下，随后就爬起来了，站回小凳子上，拿了一个创可贴贴在他的伤口上。

Now, this kid could barely tie his shoelaces, but he knew you have to cover a cut so it doesn't become infected, and you have to care for your teeth by brushing twice a day. We all know how to maintain our physical health and how to practice dental hygiene, right?

这孩子刚学会系鞋带儿，但他都知道要保护伤口以免感染，同时还要一天刷两次牙来保护牙齿。我们都知道怎样保持身体的健康，还有怎样保持牙齿卫生，对不对？

We've known it since we were five years old. But what do we know about maintaining our psychological health? Well, nothing. What do we teach our children about emotional hygiene? Nothing. How is it that we spend more time taking care of our teeth than we do our minds? Why is it that our physical health is so much more important to us than our psychological health?

我们从五岁起就知道这些东西了。但是我们知道怎样保持精神上的健康吗？完全不知道。我们教给孩子们情绪保健吗？完全没有。为什么我们花在牙齿的时间比花在精神的时间上还多呢？为什么我们那么重视身体健康远远多于心理健康呢？

We sustain psychological injuries even more often than we do physical>我们承受心理上的伤害比身体上的多得多，例如失败，被拒绝，孤独。如果我们忽视它们，情况也会恶化，它们同样会给我们的生活带来重大的影响。然而，虽然有科学证实的疗法来帮助我们治疗这些心理上的伤害，我们却不采取行动。

It doesn't even occur to us that we should. "Oh, you're feeling depressed? Just shake it off; it's all in your head." Can you imagine saying that to somebody with a broken leg: "Oh, just walk it off; it's all in your leg."It is time we closed the gap between our physical and our psychological health. It's time we made them more equal, more like twins.

我们甚至都没意识到我们应该采取行动。“哦，你感到抑郁么？别去想了，都在你脑袋里。”你能想象对一个骨折了的人说这样的话吗？“哦，走走就好了，都在你腿上。”（笑声）我们应该消除这种对身体和精神健康的区别对待。应该把两者对等起来，像双胞胎一样。

Speaking of which, my brother is also a psychologist. So he's not a real doctor, either. We didn't study together, though. In fact, the hardest thing I've ever done in my life is move across the Atlantic to New York City to get my doctorate in psychology. We were apart then for the first time in our lives, and the separation was brutal for both of us.

说起双胞胎，我哥哥也是个心理医生。所以他也不是真正的医生。（笑声）我们不是在一起上的学。事实上，我这辈子经历过的最困难的事就是跨过大西洋搬到纽约来读心理学的博士学位。那是我们俩第一次分隔两地，这个分离对我俩来说都很残酷。

But while he remained among family and friends, I was alone in a new country. We missed each other terribly, but international phone calls were really expensive then, and we could>当他和家人朋友一起时，我却孤单的在一个新的国度。我们都非常想念对方，但那时候国际长途都很贵，我们一周只打的起五分钟的电话。当我们生日快到了的时候，那是我们第一个没在一起过的生日。我们决定奢侈一把，在那个星期聊上十分钟。

I spent the morning pacing around my room, waiting for him to call -- and waiting ... and waiting. But the phone didn't ring. Given the time difference, I assumed, "OK, he's out with friends, he'll call later." There were no cell phones then. But he didn't. And I began to realize that after being away for over 10 months, he no longer missed me the way I missed him.

我那天早上在房间里踱来踱去，等着我哥哥给我打过来－我等啊等啊，电话就是不响。由于时差的关系，我就想，“好吧，他一定是和朋友在一起，他晚点儿会打来的。”那时候也没有手机。但他始终没打来。我开始意识到，在我离开十个月以后，他不再像我想他那样想我了。

I knew he would call in the morning, but that night was>我知道他早上会打来，但那一晚是我一生中最伤心、最漫长的一晚。第二天一早醒来，我瞅了一眼电话，我意识到，来回踱步时我把电话线踹下来了。我迷迷糊糊的跳下床，我刚把电话插回接口，一秒钟之后电话就响了。是我哥哥，他可气坏了。

It was the saddest and longest night of his life as well. Now, I tried to explain what happened, but he said, "I don't understand. If you saw I wasn't calling you, why didn't you just pick up the phone and call me?" He was right. Why didn't I call him? I didn't have an answer then. But I do today, and it's a simple>那也是他一生中最伤心漫长的一夜。当我跟他解释事情的经过，他说，“我不明白。你看我没给你打，你为什么不打给我呢？”他说的对。我为什么不打给他呢？我当时无法解释，但我现在明白了，非常简单的原因：孤独。

Loneliness creates a deep psychological wound,>孤独导致深重的心理创伤，扭曲我们的感知能力，剥夺我们的思考能力。它使我们相信身边的人不再在乎我们。它使我们不敢与人联络，为什么给自取其辱被拒绝呢？你的心痛的还不够多么？

I was in the grips of real loneliness back then, but I was surrounded by people all day, so it never occurred to me. But loneliness is defined purely subjectively. It depends solely>我那个时候被孤独紧紧包裹着，但我总和别人在一起，我自己都没意识到。但孤独是完全从主观上定义的。它完全取决于你是否觉得在情绪上或是交际上和你周围的人相隔绝。我当时是这样的。我们有很多关于孤独的研究，都很可怕。

Loneliness won't just make you miserable; it will kill you. I'm not kidding. Chronic loneliness increases your likelihood of an early death by 14 percent. Fourteen percent! Loneliness causes high blood pressure, high cholesterol. It even suppress the functioning of your immune system, making you vulnerable to all kinds of illnesses and diseases.

孤独不仅让你觉得凄惨，它还可能致死。我可不是开玩笑。长期的孤独会增加你早逝的可能性高达14%之多。孤独可能导致高血压，高胆固醇。它甚至会影响你的免疫系统，使你容易患上各种疾病。

In fact, scientists have concluded that taken together, chronic loneliness poses as significant a risk for your long-term health and longevity as cigarette smoking. Now, cigarette packs come with warnings saying, "This could kill you." But loneliness doesn't.

事实上，科学家已经得出结论，长期的孤独对你的健康和长寿的负面影响比抽烟还要糟。香烟的包装上还有“吸烟致命”的警句。可孤独没有。

And that's why it's so important that we prioritize our psychological health, that we practice emotional hygiene. Because you can't treat a psychological wound if you don't even know you're injured. Loneliness isn't the>这就是我们为什么要重视心理健康，要注意保持情绪健康。因为，你无法治愈心理上的创伤，如果你都不知道自己受到了伤害的话。孤独不是唯一可能扭曲及误导我们的心理创伤。

Failure does that as well. I>失败也有同样效果。我曾访问过一个幼儿园，在那儿我观察了三个儿童，在玩完全一样的塑料玩具。你得把一个红色的钮滑开，然后一个可爱的小狗就会跳出来。一个小女孩对紫色的钮又拉又按，然后她就坐下来，瞧着那盒子，下嘴唇开始发颤。

The little boy next to her watched this happen, then turned to his box and burst into tears without even touching it. Meanwhile, another little girl tried everything she could think of until she slid the red button, the cute doggie popped out, and she squealed with delight. So: three toddlers with identical plastic toys, but with very different reactions to failure.

她旁边的一个小男孩看到这一幕，再看着他的盒子，都没动手就哇哇大哭了。与此同时，另一个小女孩试了各种方法，直到她滑动了那个红钮，可爱的小狗跳了出来，她开心的叫了起来。同样的塑料玩具给了这三个幼儿，但他们对失败的反应截然不同。

The first two toddlers were perfectly capable of sliding a red button. The>cked them into believing they could not. Now, adults get tricked this way as well, all the time. In fact, we all have a default set of feelings and beliefs that gets triggered whenever we encounter frustrations and setbacks.

前两个小孩完全有能力滑动那个红钮。唯一阻止他们成功的因素就是他们被自己做不成的想法给骗了。成年人也经常中这样的圈套。事实上，我们都有一个固定的思维感知模式，每当我们感到沮丧，受到挫折，我们便会进入这个模式。

Are you aware of how your mind reacts to failure? You need to be. Because if your mind tries to convince you you're incapable of something, and you believe it, then like those two toddlers, you'll begin to feel helpless and you'll stop trying too soon, or you won't even try at all.

你清不清楚你是怎么对应失败的？你应该清楚。因为如果你的头脑告诉你，你不能做成什么事，而你相信了的话，你就会像那前两个小孩似的，开始感到无助然后你很快就放弃了，甚至都不去试一下。

And then you'll be even more convinced you can't succeed. You see, that's why so many people function below their actual potential. Because somewhere along the way, sometimes a single failure convinced them that they couldn't succeed, and they believed it.

然后你就更加确信你成功不了。你看，这就是为什么那么多人都无法充分发挥他们的潜能。因为不一定在什么地方，有那么一次失败让他们认定了自己不能成功。

Once we become convinced of something, it's very difficult to change our mind. I learned that lesson the hard way when I was a teenager with my brother. We were driving with friends down a dark road at night, when a police car stopped us.

我们一旦被某件事说服，往往就很难改变主意。我十几岁的时候，和我哥哥一起，吃了点苦头才明白这道理。有一天晚上，我俩和朋友们在一条很黑的路上开着车。一辆警车把我们拦下了。

There had been a robbery in the area and they were looking for suspects. The officer approached the car, and shined his flashlight>附近发生了抢劫，警察在追踪嫌犯。警察走到车边，对司机晃了晃手电筒，又照了照坐在副驾驶的我哥哥，然后照到了我。他瞪大了眼睛说得，“我在哪儿见过你？”

And I said, "In the front seat."But that made no sense to him whatsoever, so now he thought I was>我说，“副驾驶座上。”但对他来说，我的回答莫名其妙。所以他认为我嗑了药。于是他把我拖出车子，又搜了我的身，他把我押到警车那儿，

and>直到他验证了我并没有犯罪记录，我才有机会解释，我和副驾驶座位上的是双胞胎。但是直到我们开走了，你仍可以看到他的表情，他认定我一定干了什么坏事。

Our mind is hard to change>一旦我们认定了的事情，我们很难改变看法。所以当你失败了，感觉士气低落是很自然的。但是你不能允许自己相信你不可能成功。你要和那种无助的感觉斗争。你要重新控制局面。而且你必须在这种负能量循环开始前打破它。

Our minds and our feelings -- they're not the trustworthy friends we thought they were. They're more like a really moody friend, who can be totally supportive>我们的想法和感觉，它们不是像我们想象的那么忠诚的朋友。它们更像是一个非常情绪化的朋友，有时非常支持你，而有时令人不愉快。我以前的一个女同事，她结婚20年之后离婚了，婚离的很惨烈，然后她终于准备好开始新的约会了。她在网上认识了这个男的。他看上去人很好，也很成功，最重要的是，他似乎对她非常感兴趣。

So she was very excited, she bought a new dress, and they met at an upscale New York City bar for a drink. Ten minutes into the date, the man stands up and says, "I'm not interested," and walks out. Rejection is extremely painful. The woman was so hurt she couldn't move. All she could do was call a friend. Here's what the friend said:

她非常兴奋，还为约会买了新裙子，然后他们约在纽约的一个高级酒吧里喝一杯。约会才进行了10分钟，那位男士站起来说，“我没兴趣了，”然后就走了。被拒绝是极其痛苦的。这位女士非常受伤，以致于都动不了了。于是她给一个朋友打电话。她朋友是这样说的：

"Well, what do you expect? You have big hips, you have nothing interesting to say. Why would a handsome, successful man like that ever go out with a loser like you?" Shocking, right, that a friend could be so cruel? But it would be much less shocking if I told you it wasn't the friend who said that. It's what the woman said to herself. And that's something we all do, especially after a rejection.

“那你还想怎样？你又胖又没有什么好聊的，为什么任何一个英俊的成功男士会和你这样的失败者约会呢？“ 太不像话了，是不是，朋友怎么可以这样冷酷无情？这或许听上去不太过分，要是我告诉你这话不是朋友说的。这其实是那位女士对她自己说的。我们都干过这事儿，尤其是被拒绝之后。

We all start thinking of all our faults and all our shortcomings, what we wish we were, what we wish we weren't. We call ourselves names. Maybe not as harshly, but we all do it. And it's interesting that we do, because our self-esteem is already hurting.

我们开始去想我们犯的错，我们的缺点，我们要是这样就好了，我们要是不那样就好了，我们给自己起外号。也许程度不同，但我们都干过这事。我们为什么会这样做。我们的自尊已经被伤害了。

Why would we want to go and damage it even further? We wouldn't make a physical injury worse>为什么我们要进一步伤害它呢？要是身体受伤了，我们不会故意去把它弄的更糟。你要是胳膊上有个伤口，你不会说，“啊，我知道！我要拿刀看我到底能捅多深。“

But we do that with psychological injuries all the time. Why? Because of poor emotional hygiene. Because we don't prioritize our psychological health. We know from dozens of studies that when your self-esteem is lower, you are more vulnerable to stress and to anxiety; that failures and rejections hurt more,

但是我们经常如此对待心理伤害。为什么？由于糟糕的心理保健意识。因为我们不重视心理健康。很多研究表明，如果你的自尊心低落，你就更容易感到压力和焦虑，失败和拒绝会伤害你更深，

and it takes longer to recover from them. So when you get rejected, the first thing you should be doing is to revive your self-esteem, not join Fight Club and beat it into a pulp. When you're in emotional pain, treat yourself with the same compassion you would expect from a truly good friend.

你也需要更多的时间复原。所以如果你被拒绝了，首要的事情是应该重新激活你的自尊心，而不是去拳击俱乐部打拳来发泄。当你在经历感情上痛苦，像一个真正的好朋友那样同情你自己。

We have to catch our unhealthy psychological habits and change them. And>我们需要改变不健康的心理习惯。最常见又最不健康的习惯之一就是穷思竭虑。就是事后反复咀嚼回味一件事。比如你的老板冲你发脾气了，或是教授在课上让你感到愚蠢，或是你和好朋友吵架了，然后你不断的在脑海里回放当时的情况，好几天，甚至好几个礼拜都不停。

Now, ruminating about upsetting events in this way can easily become a habit, and it's a very costly>ression, alcoholism, eating disorders, and even cardiovascular disease.

反复回味不愉快的事很容易变成习惯，而这个习惯代价很大。因为当你在不愉快和负面的事情上花这么多时间，你把自己放在一个非常危险的境地，可能诱发抑郁症，酗酒，饮食失调，甚至心血管疾病。

The problem is, the urge to ruminate can feel really strong and really important, so it's a difficult habit to stop. I know this for a fact, because a little over a year ago, I developed the habit myself. You see, my twin brother was diagnosed with stage 3 non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. His cancer was extremely aggressive. He had visible tumors all over his body. And he had to start a harsh course of chemotherapy.

问题在于那种反复回味的需要会变得非常强烈，非常紧迫，所以这种习惯会很难打破。我知道事实如此，因为就在一年多以前，我自己就经历了这个习惯。我的双胞胎哥哥被确诊为三期非霍奇金淋巴瘤。他的癌症来势汹汹。全身都有看得到的肿瘤。他要做一轮大剂量的化疗。

And I couldn't stop thinking about what he was going through. I couldn't stop thinking about how much he was suffering, even though he never complained, not>我情不自禁去想他所经历的这一切。情不自禁去想他受的这些罪，尽管他从没抱怨过，一次都没有。他有着这种不可思议的积极态度。他的心理健康程度太了不起了。我身体上很健康，但心理上我那时是一团糟。

But I knew what to do. Studies tell us that even a two-minute distraction is sufficient to break the urge to ruminate in that moment. And so each time I had a worrying, upsetting, negative thought, I forced myself to concentrate>但我知道该怎样做。研究表明，哪怕只是分心短短两分钟都足以打破那一刻你穷思竭虑的需求。所以每次当我担心，烦恼，或带有负面情绪时，我就强迫自己专注于其他的事情，直到那种感觉过去。仅仅一周时间，我的视角就全变了，变得更积极，更充满希望。

Nine weeks after he started chemotherapy, my brother had a CAT scan, and I was by his side when he got the results. All the tumors were gone. He still had three more rounds of chemotherapy to go, but we knew he would recover. This picture was taken two weeks ago.

做了化疗九周之后，我哥哥做了电脑断层扫描，出结果的时候，我就在他身边。所有的肿瘤都消失了。他还得再做三轮化疗，但是我们知道他能恢复。这张照片是两周前照的。

By taking action when you're lonely, by changing your responses to failure, by protecting your self-esteem, by battling negative thinking, you won't just heal your psychological wounds, you will build emotional resilience, you will thrive. A hundred years ago, people began practicing personal hygiene, and life expectancy rates rose by over 50 percent in just a matter of decades. I believe our quality of life could rise just as dramatically if we all began practicing emotional hygiene.

当你在孤独的时候采取行动，当你改变对待失败的反应，当你保护自己的自尊心，当你与负面的想法做斗争，你不仅可以治愈心理上的创伤，你会建立起情绪恢复能力，你会变得更强。一百年以前，人们开始注重个人卫生，人的寿命延长了50%还多，这仅用了十年就实现了。我相信，我们的生活质量也会有同样程度的提高，如果我们开始关注情绪上的保健。

Can you imagine what the world would be like if everyone was psychologically healthier? If there were less loneliness and less depression? If people knew how to overcome failure? If they felt better about themselves and more empowered? If they were happier and more fulfilled?

能想象一下么，这个世界会是什么样子。如果每个人都在心理上更健康，如果世上少一些孤独和抑郁，如果人们了解如何走出失败的阴影，如果人们更自信、充满力量。如果人们更幸福、更满足。

I can, because that's the world I want to live in. And that's the world my brother wants to live in as well. And if you just become informed and change a few simple habits, well -- that's the world we can all live in.Thank you very much.

我能，因为那是一个我想置身其中的世界，也是我哥哥想置身其中的世界。只要你了解这些知识，并改变一些简单的习惯，那将是一个我们都能置身其中的世界。非常感谢。

双语阅读

别玻璃心了，欢迎来到侮辱时代

The characteristic rhetorical device of our political era is the insult. Donald Trump, who understands that insults make news, rode to the presidency on a torrent of “losers”, “elites” and “nasty” women. Meanwhile, his opponents gave it right back to him.

侮辱是我们这个政治时代特有的修辞手法。唐纳德•特朗普(Donald Trump)很懂侮辱能制造新闻，他一路骂着“失败者”、“精英”和“毒妇”登上了总统宝座。与此同时，他的对手也以此道还施于他。

This year’s US presidential campaign will be worse, partly because Trump has turned up the political volume, and partly because social distancing has shifted even more of life on to insult-rich social media.

今年的美国总统竞选中，情况只会更糟，部分原因是特朗普已调高了政治音量，部分原因是保持社交距离规定让更多生活转移到了侮辱泛滥的社交媒体上。

Twitter use has jumped, while Facebook’s founder Mark Zuckerberg has reported an unprecedented three-billion-plus people a month using Facebook, Instagram, WhatsApp and Messenger.

Twitter访问量激增，而Facebook创始人马克•扎克伯格(Mark Zuckerberg)报告，每月使用Facebook、Instagram、WhatsApp和Messenger的用户达到了空前的30多亿。

All told, 49 per cent of humanity is now on social media, according to the social media company Hootsuite.

根据社交媒体公司Hootsuite的说法，目前全球有49%的人在使用社交媒体。

Insults often set the online tone, because they stick in the mind. Their intent isn’t to persuade, but to frighten opponents into silence.

侮辱往往会决定网络上的基调，因为它们会留在人们的脑海里。它们的意图不是说服，而是要吓得反对者不敢作声。

Yet any strategy for handling abuse must start by realising how off-target most of it is. Here are some common insults that are either meaningless or becoming so:

然而，不管要以什么策略对付谩骂，首先必须明白一点：大部分谩骂都是说不到点上的扯淡。下面是一些常见的侮辱，它们要么毫无意义，要么正在变得毫无意义：

• “Virtue signalling”: The charge implies that anyone talking about issues such as climate change or sexism must be a hypocrite because nobody sincerely seeks virtuous ends. Since the insulter rarely has privileged insight into the speaker’s motives, the accusation is usually just a device to sidestep the substantive point.

•“释放美德信号”(Virtue signalling)：这项指控的含意是，任何人只要谈论气候变化或性别歧视之类的问题，就肯定是个伪君子，因为没有人真诚地追求美德。由于侮辱者很少有先机洞察说话人的动机，这一指责通常只是回避实质问题的手段。

• “Fake news”: Do you have evidence a journalist’s statement was inaccurate, and that it was a lie rather than a mistake? If so, provide specifics.

•“假新闻”：你有证据证明一名记者说的话不准确，证明他的话是撒谎而不是误传吗？如果是，提供细节。

• “Trump Derangement Syndrome”: The implication is that scrutinising the actions of the US president is a form of insanity.

•“特朗普精神错乱综合症”(TDS)：意指认真看待这位美国总统的行为是一种精神病。

• “You’re the person who said…”: The line of attack here is: “At some point in your life you said something that, with hindsight, looks inaccurate or insensitive. What you said then is who you are now. Since you can never change your nature or learn from mistakes, all your subsequent statements are invalid.”

•“你就是那个说过……的人”：其攻击路数是：“在你生命中的某个时刻，你说了一些事后看来不准确或显得冷血的话。你当时说过什么话，就说明你现在是个什么样的人。因为你永远不能改变你的本性或从错误中吸取教训，所以你后来说什么都没用。”

• “White man”: Central to any analysis of society is the truth that white men are over-represented in power. However (and this will sound like special pleading), the epithet shouldn’t be used to dismiss the arguments of any individual white man, as in: “By definition, you speak for the patriarchy.”

•“白人”：任何社会分析的核心都基于如下事实：白人男性权力过大。但这个词不应该被用来反驳任何一个白人男性的论点——而且这听起来像是诡辩——比如：“你自然支持父权制。”

• “Elitist”:Do you mean a member of the cultural or the financial elite? Often “elitist” is wielded by the latter against the former.

•“精英主义者”：你是指文化精英还是金融精英？后者常常用“精英主义”来对付前者。

A second category of insults inflates a potentially substantive charge to the point of meaninglessness:

第二类侮辱会将一个潜在具有实质含义的指控放大到毫无意义的地步：

• “Racist”: A shrinking minority of people are unequivocal racists who believe, say, that black people are inferior to white people. Racists want to curtail immigration or affirmative action. But many individuals who want those things don’t hold racist beliefs.

•“种族主义者”：坚定的种族主义者——比如他们认为黑人不如白人——已经少之又少。种族主义者想要限制移民或平权法案。但许多想要这些东西的人并没有种族主义信念。

• “Fascist”: “As used, the word ‘Fascism’ is almost entirely meaningless . . . All one can do for the moment is to use the word with a certain amount of circumspection and not, as is usually done, degrade it to the level of a swearword.” George Orwell wrote this in 1944 and it’s still true.

•“法西斯主义”：“就像以往一样，‘法西斯主义’这个词几乎毫无意义……一个人现在所能做的就是对这个词的使用一定要慎之又慎，而且不要像通常那样，将这个词贬低到骂人的程度。”乔治•奥威尔(George Orwell)在1944年写下了这句话。现在依然如此。

• “Snowflake”: The charge originally referred to a tiny group of American campus activists who organised to silence speakers with whom they disagreed. Now “snowflake” is typically used as a sneering dismissal of empathy: “You can’t deal with my calling you a moron, you snowflake.”

•“雪花”(Snowflake)：这一称谓最初指的是一小撮美国校园活动人士，他们组织起来让那些与他们意见相左的人保持沉默。现在“雪花”通常被用来表示一种鄙夷、毫不同情的态度：“你受不了我叫你白痴吗，你这个玻璃心。”

When faced with insults, people usually shut up or fight back. However, both responses allow the insult to shape the conversation. It’s best either to reply courteously — which can startle the insulter into realising they’re dealing with an actual person rather than a political caricature — or to ignore the insult and set the agenda by deciding what to talk about. The UK’s new opposition leader, Keir Starmer, is making that bet.

当面对侮辱时，人们通常会闭嘴或反击。然而这两种反应都让侮辱主导了对话的走向。上策是礼貌地回应对方——这可能会让侮辱者感到震惊，他们会意识到自己面对的是一个真实的人，而不是一个政治漫画人物——或者忽略对方的侮辱，主动确定谈话的主题。英国新任反对党领袖基尔•斯塔默(Keir Starmer)就选择了这种策略。