外刊看中国社群之前有同学提到了一个问题:定语从句中介词什么时候放在关系词之前,什么时候放在关系词后面?
举个例子,We bought a chainsaw, with which we cut up all the wood. 在这个定语从句中,介词with提到了which前面,which指代a chainsaw,组成搭配:we cut up all the wood with a chainsaw.
这个句子其实也可以写成:We bought a chainsaw, which we cut up all the wood with.
同样的道理,要表达“他住哪条街上?”,除了可以说:Which street does he live in? 也可以说:In which street does he live?
虽然两种写法都可以,但是将介词放在关系词前面会显得更加正式,而在日常场景中,人们一般将介词放在后面。
之所以有些人会认为介词不能放在关系词后面(特别是在句子最后面),可能是受一个观点影响:句子不能以介词结束。几百年前一些英语语法学家就持这样的观点,不过这一看法现在已经过时了,没什么人遵守。
不过需要注意的一点是,如果关系词是that,那么介词只能放在that后面,而不能放在前面。举个例子:We can't find the chainsaw that we cut all the wood up with. 句子不能写成:We can't find the chainsaw with that we cut all the wood up.
但是句子可以写成:We can't find the chainsaw with which we cut all the wood up.
社群同学的提问里面还出现了一本语法书,上面有这样的说法:This is the right CD which I’m looking for. 不能写成This is the right CD for which I’m looking.
语法书上对此的说明有问题,实际上look for可以拆开。This is the right CD for which I'm looking. 在语法上是成立的,只不过因为比较正式而不太常见。比如《福布斯》网站上就有这么一句话:
Students who demonstrate the skills and outcomes for which employers are looking will certainly stand out once they are ready to enter the workforce in any season. 
其中Students who demonstrate the skills and outcomes for which employers are looking...相当于Students who demonstrate the skills and outcomes which/that employers are looking for...
不过平时写作还是建议不要轻易拆开“动词+介词”搭配,以免造成理解困难。

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