1
导读
感谢思维导图作者Monica
Monica, 英专老赖，可以做艺术家和锯木头
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听力|精读|翻译|词组
Did he or didn’t he?
杀妻“胰”云
英文部分选自经济学人Obituary版块
Did he or didn’t he?
杀妻“胰”云
Obituary: Claus von Bülow died on May 25th
讣告：克劳斯•冯•布洛于5月25日逝世
The protagonist of two of America’s most sensational trials was 92
克劳斯•冯•布洛曾被控谋杀妻子，他的两次审判被列入美国最具轰动性案例，享年92岁。
注：Reversal of Fortune (1990)

《命运的逆转》（或译为《豪门孽债》），1990年该片自哈佛大学法学院教授艾伦•德肖微茨（Alan Dershowitz）的《命运的逆转：冯•比洛案内幕》（Reversal of Fortune: Inside the von Bülow Case）一书改编而来。它讲述一位富豪克劳斯•冯•布洛（Claus von Bülow）被控谋杀其妻子桑尼•冯•布洛（Sunny von Bülow），一切证据都对他十分不利，陪审团认为罪名成立，将被判刑。他不服上诉，并延请法学教授德肖微茨（Dershowitz）出庭辨护，法律教授通过严密的调查分折，将一审有罪的判决推翻。尽管谋杀的可能性依然存在，但再无指控的法律根据。

In every person’s life, Claus von Bülow said once, there remained a big question mark. A shadow of doubt. It remained even if they had been convicted of a crime, and even if they had been acquitted. He had been both. His glitter-laden trials, among the first to be televised, caused a sensation in America. They left half the country thinking one thing, and half thinking another.
克劳斯•冯•布洛曾说，在每个人的人生里都留有一个大问号，仿佛被一团疑云笼罩着。即使他们已被判处有罪，又或者已被还以清白，疑云都不会因此消散。很不幸，克劳斯两样都经历了。他的两次引人注目的审判，是最早一批在电视上转播的案件之一，在当时的美国引起了轰动。一半美国人认为他有罪，而另一半则支持他清白。
He was convicted in 1982 of the attempted murder of his wife, Sunny, by injecting her with insulin. In 1980 she had been found unconscious on the marble floor of the master bathroom of their mansion, Clarendon Court, in Newport, Rhode Island. Soon she was in a coma from which she did not emerge. She had low blood sugar, and he knew too much insulin would kill her. He had the motive: he wanted to leave her for his mistress, Alexandra Isles, a tv actress, but divorce would cut him off from Sunny’s fortune. He also apparently had the means. A small black travel-bag had been found by Sunny’s maid in his closet; it contained a bottle of insulin and a needle encrusted with it. The maid also testified that Sunny had fallen ill before from too much insulin, and her husband had refused for four hours to call a doctor. He called his mistress then to say that he was watching his wife die. The evidence was overwhelming; he was given 30 years.
1982年法庭认定，他给妻子桑尼注射胰岛素，企图置她于死地，因此判他谋杀未遂。两年前，桑尼被发现倒在自家豪宅（位于罗得岛新港的克拉伦登公馆）主浴室的大理石地板上，不省人事。很快她就陷入昏迷，一直到28年后过世也没能再醒过来。桑尼患有低血糖，而克劳斯知道摄入过量的胰岛素会让她丧命。克劳斯有作案动机：他想离开桑尼，和情妇电视演员亚历山德拉•艾尔斯一起生活；但是如果离婚他将得不到桑尼的财产。他显然也有作案工具：桑尼的女佣在他的橱柜里发现了一个黑色的小旅行包，里面有一瓶胰岛素和一个针头，针头上有结痂的胰岛素。女佣同时也作证声称：桑尼之前因为注射过量胰岛素而生病；而且整整四个小时克劳斯都拒绝呼叫医生，而是给情妇打了个电话，说正在眼睁睁地看着他的妻子死去。这些证据无可争辩，克劳斯被判入狱30年。
图1:桑尼
注释：美国传奇女富豪昏迷28年后辞世 前夫被疑谋财害命
http://www.ce.cn/xwzx/gjss/gdxw/200812/08/t20081208_17606843.shtml
But then he was acquitted. In 1984 his conviction was overturned, because the black bag had been taken without a search warrant and the first investigator’s notes had not been turned over to the prosecution and the defence. The next year, in a second trial, every piece of the medical and forensic evidence was taken apart by his new million-dollar team of lawyers. Sunny, they showed, was psychologically fragile, heavily dependent on drink and drugs. On that night in 1980 she had binged on sweets, tranquillisers and a giant eggnog containing 12 fresh eggs and a whole bottle of bourbon. The culprit was not insulin. Nor was it the needle in the black bag, which would not have been encrusted after withdrawal from the skin. Nor, therefore, was the culprit her husband.
但后来克劳斯被无罪释放。1984年，他的有罪判决被推翻，因为那个黑包是在没有搜查证的情况下被拿走的，而首位调查者的笔录也没有移交给检方和辩方。接下来的那一年，在案件的第二次审理过程中，克劳斯花费百万聘请的新的律师团队抽丝剥茧地剖析了每一份医学证据和法学证据。他们指出，桑尼心理脆弱，严重依赖酒精和毒品。1980年的那个晚上，桑尼进食了大量糖果、服用了过量镇定剂、饮用了一大杯由12个鲜鸡蛋做成的蛋奶酒和一整瓶波旁威士忌。罪魁祸首不是胰岛素，也不是黑包里的针头（如果针头是从皮肤里拔出来的话，它是不可能带有结痂的胰岛素的）。因此，罪魁祸首并不是她的丈夫。
At the “Not guilty” verdict, he sank his head into his hands. Yet speculation roared on. He had not testified at either trial, so press and public could only look at his life to establish which verdict might be right. And he would add to their confusion, first by refusing after 1987 to speak about the case (the result of an agreement with Sunny’s children by her first marriage, though he had already written 300 pages of his version), and second by showing that there was more than one Claus von Bülow; maybe several.
听到“无罪”裁决的时候，克劳斯深深地埋下了头，双手掩面。然而各种猜测依然甚嚣尘上。两次审理过程中他都保持沉默、没有给出供词，因此媒体和公众只能通过深挖他的人生经历来确定哪一种裁决才是正确的。而他的种种行为更是加剧了媒体和公众的疑惑：先是从1987年开始就拒绝谈论这个案子（这是他与继子女们——桑尼第一段婚姻生下的孩子——达成的和解协议里要求的，尽管他本人已经写了300页的自述文）；再次表明克劳斯•冯•布洛还有不为人知的一面，甚至好几面。
The “von Bülow” itself was slightly misleading. His father’s side was Danish; his mother, whose name was Bülow, had distant German nobility. His English upbringing endowed him with a Cambridge degree and a call to the bar, but the aristocratic “von” had been added when he and Sunny married, in 1966. He was the one who collected Chippendale and ormolu furniture, but she was the one who had Clarendon Court, as well as a 14-room apartment on Fifth Avenue in Manhattan, in which to put it. Opera and theatre were his passions, and he loved to drop classical allusions as well as names; back in Newport during his second trial, greeted by his labradors, he felt “like Ulysses returning”. But it was Sunny, whose first marriage had been to an Austrian prince, who brought most of the dukes, diamonds and gala nights into his life.
他名字中的“冯·布洛”本身就稍带误导性。他父亲来自丹麦；母亲的姓氏是“布洛”，祖上是德国贵族。克劳斯在英国长大，获得了剑桥学位和开庭大律师资格；但是这个象征贵族的“冯”是在他和桑尼1966年结婚的时候才加进去的。在他们家，是克劳斯收集齐本德尔风格和镀金装饰的家具；但却是桑尼，名下拥有克拉伦登公馆和位于曼哈顿第五大道的一套有着14个房间的公寓，来放置这些家具。克劳斯热爱歌剧和戏剧，喜欢引用典故或者提及名人；第二次审理期间，他回到新港，家里的几只拉布拉多犬热情地迎接他，他说这感觉就像“尤利西斯返乡”。但他生活里结交的公爵贵族、他的钻石、他参与的盛大晚宴，大部分却是桑尼（她的第一任丈夫是奥地利王子）带给他的。
注释：歌剧：尤利西斯返乡记（哔哩哔哩上可观看歌剧）
https://www.roh.org.uk/productions/the-return-of-ulysses-by-john-fulljames
As an aristocrat, tall in his double-breasted suits, he could do stiffly jut-jawed one moment, warm and charming the next: a study in inscrutability, or a witty ornament to the highest social tier of Newport or New York. He also had an outrageous side. When he worked for John Paul Getty, the oil tycoon, in London in his bachelor days he fell in with the Clermont set, including John Aspinall and Lord Lucan (who had hoped to murder his wife, but killed the nanny), and hosted their illegal gambling parties. During his second trial he posed for Vanity Fair in zippered black leather, tight blue jeans and a devilish grin, with a new, thrice-divorced mistress in tow. He liked unsettling jokes, telling them in his best dark voice. “What is another name for fear of insulin? Claus-trophobia.”
克劳斯作为一名贵族，身着双排扣西装伟岸而挺拔。他可以上一秒还冷着一张扑克脸，下一秒就温暖绅士、充满魅力：他可以刚刚还一副高深莫测的模样，而马上又能以他的诙谐幽默为新港或纽约最顶级社交圈增添一抹亮色。但是他也有肆无忌惮的一面。在伦敦他还是单身的时候，曾为石油大亨约翰·保罗·盖蒂工作过，当时他就加入了克莱蒙特圈子，成员包括约翰·阿斯皮纳尔和鲁肯勋爵（鲁肯曾想要谋杀妻子，结果杀死了保姆）。克劳斯还做东张罗了他们的非法赌局。第二次审理期间，他穿着拉链皮夹克、蓝色紧身牛仔裤，带着邪恶的笑容，和他那离过三次婚的新情妇一起为《名利场》拍写真。他还喜欢用他阴沉的犹如星际幕后大反派黑暗之声一样的嗓音开着让人不安的玩笑：“对胰岛素的恐惧还有个名字叫什么？幽闭恐惧症（音译克劳斯恐惧症）。”
图2: 克劳斯《名利场》封面
图3：克劳斯
His feelings for Sunny changed in different lights. They had been happy early on and had a daughter, Cosima, whom he adored. He and Sunny fell out because she did not like him working; she did not mind his mistresses, as long as he was discreet. In sum she was a fair and decent human being who would, he thought, have been his strongest defender. He wore his wedding ring at the trials, though he had to get it back from Ms Isles. He spoke of wanting to visit Sunny, who lay comatose for 28 years until she died, but he moved to London by agreement with the stepchildren, giving up too any claim to her fortune. In Knightsbridge his life revolved round amusing dinner parties, theatre reviewing and quiet acts of charity. He complained that “Reversal of Fortune”, a film of his trials made in 1990, did not tell the truth in dozens of small ways. He did not say what the truth actually was. In the end, the film had left the verdict open. He preferred to be seen as he generally was in London, as the victim of a miscarriage of justice.
他对桑尼的感情在不同的时期发生了变化。他们曾有过一段美好的时光，还有了一个女儿——科西马。他非常疼爱这个女儿。后来，他和桑尼吵架的原因是桑尼不喜欢他再出去工作。桑尼不介意他有情人，只要他别太张扬就好。总的来说，桑尼是一个通情达理且体面的人，他认为桑尼本会是自己最有力的辩护人。两次庭审过程中，他都戴着他的结婚戒指，尽管他不得不从艾尔斯那里要回戒指。（克劳斯之前把结婚戒指送给了他的情妇电视演员亚历山德拉·艾尔斯）他提出想去看看桑尼——这个可怜的女人昏迷了整整28年，直到2008年去世也没有再次醒过来；但根据他和继子女们达成的协议，他却搬去了伦敦，同时放弃索取桑尼的任何财产。在骑士桥区，他的生活围绕着愉悦的晚宴聚会、戏剧的品评和不张扬的慈善活动等进行。他抱怨那部1990年拍摄的有关他两次审判的电影《命运的逆转》在很多细节之处都没有说出真相。然而他自己也并没有说出真相到底是什么。影片结尾并没有对裁决结果下定论（译者注：电影在这里运用艺术化的手法，以昏迷中的桑尼的口吻念出旁白“如果你来问我，我会告诉你那些你所不知道的。”）。片中最后常住于伦敦的克劳斯，宁愿被看作审判不公的受害者。
图4：克劳斯和妻子
图5:克劳斯和女儿
He did not make that claim himself; he had agreed not to mention the case. Instead, he saw it as a tragedy that satisfied “all of Aristotle’s definitions”. Everyone was wounded. As for him, he was a tragic hero straight out of the “Poetics”: neither a villain nor a virtuous man, but someone in between. His misfortune had occurred not because of depravity, but by some error, some ambiguous action. It was hardly surprising that there could be no catharsis.
而在现实生活里，他本人并未做出过这番论调；他已经同意不再提起这个案件。然而，他却视这个案件为一个满足“亚里士多德所有定义”的悲剧。每个人都受到了伤害。而他，就是那个从《诗学》中走出来的悲剧主人公：既不是无恶不作的坏人，也不是品德高尚的圣人，而是介于两者之间。他的不幸并不是他的堕落造成的，而是由于某些阴差阳错、某些说不清道不明的行为而导致的。既然他的故事已经满足亚里士多德“悲剧”定义里如此多的要素，那么即便并不符合“给观众带来净化（catharsis）”这一要素，他却仍然认为这是“悲剧”，便也就不足为奇了。
翻译组：
Alex，不务正业的理工男
Liv，上海打怪奋斗小青年，英专本科生
Rachel Zhang，学理工科，爱跳芭蕾，热爱文艺的非典型翻译
  校核组：
Vicky，少儿英语老师，笔译新人
Qianna，追求专业的非英专，很讲逻辑，英伦摇滚迷
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观点|评论|思考
本次观点由Sheri全权执笔
Sheri，坚信可以forever young的老年人
世界上没有绝对的公平，法律也不例外，它只是帮助社会去实现相对公平。许多案件的真实情况只有当事人清楚；一些当事人因受其他因素影响，甚至无法还原事件经过。我们每个人看到的都是有限的，没有人是全知全能的上帝视角。克劳斯•冯•布洛也许是无辜的，只是恰好他的妻子拥有万贯家财，恰好他有一个情妇，恰好这些构成了他的作案动机；但他也许是有罪的，只是恰好遗失了重要的法律证据。
人性也是复杂的，善恶就在一念之间。也许克劳斯•冯•布洛有过谋害的念头，甚至有许多理由去施行，但是没有人可以判定他是否真的付诸行动了，这些都只是人们基于自己所知道的事实进行的推测。看过《东方快车谋杀案》的朋友们，也许会有更多感触，侦探赫尔克里·波洛在整个案件调查过程中表现出来的是超于常人的冷静和理智，但是在最后，他选择了隐瞒真相，人性和法律让这位极富智慧的侦探也陷入了两难。
由此我想到了关于“程序正义”和“结果正义”的争辩。程序正义为“看得见的正义”，也就是说，案件不仅要判得正确、公平，并完全符合实体法的规定和精神，而且还应当使人感受到判决过程的公平性和合理性。其本质就是指裁判过程（相对于裁判结果而言）的公平，法律程序（相对于实体结论而言）的正义。结果正义又被称为“实质正义”，指的是在自己是行为是基于“正义”的前提，但是会违反法律。关于这两者的比较，没有定论。正如此前大热的电影——《我不是药神》中所讲述的，如果卖药，必定是触犯法律的；如果放弃卖药，那些病人都将失去希望。
正如讣告的最后提到的—“neither a villain nor a virtuous man, but someone in between”。的确，每个人都有善恶的两面，这是客观标准难以准确衡量的。但是，不管人性有多复杂，我们能做的是保持善念，让相对的公平得以最大化。
（观点中相关名词概念源于百度百科）
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