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Otolaryngology
An Otolaryngologist treating a patient who has a larynx disease.
Sean: Good evening, everyone. Welcome back again to Hanson’s weekly oral English lecture sponsored by MedEditing. Tonight’s lesson has an Otolaryngologist treating a patient who has a larynx disease.
D: Hello Mr Chambers, please have a seat. I can see from your file that your voice has been hoarsefor a while now, is that correct?
P: Yes doctor.
D: Are you experiencing any other symptoms?
P: Quite often it is painful when I swallow, I also have a sore throat and sometimes I have a dry cough too.
D: I suspect that you have Laryngitis, but because of your age and symptoms I would like to run some further tests just to confirm whether or not there is anything more severe causing this.
P: What else could it be? What type of tests would you like to perform?
D: I want to test for cancer because of the symptoms you are showing. 
The first test I suggest we do is a nasendoscopywhich is a procedure used to get a clear view of your larynx. This should show us any abnormalities which are present. If it isn't possible to get a good view of yourlarynxduring a nasendoscopy, or a possible problem is spotted, you may have a further test called a laryngoscopy. This procedure allows us to see in greater detail. We will also perform a biopsy during a nasendoscopy or laryngoscopy. We will use small instruments to remove a sample of cells from your larynx so it can be examined for signs of cancer
P: Okay doctor, it's better to be safe than sorry, but on the other hand, if we find a problem, what should we do then?
D: If the results of the biopsy show you have cancer and there's a risk it may have spread, you'll probably be referred for further testing to assess how widespread the cancer is. The tests may include a computerized tomography (CT) scan, a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan, a PET-CT scan or an ultrasound scan.
P: Oh my doctor, you've got me worried now, I came here thinking I only had an infection but now knowing it could be more serious is causing me to feel a dreadful feeling inside.
D: Right now we are still in the theorizingstage. As I said, I only want to run the tests so that we can have assurances that there is nothing more severe underlying.
We have more than 2000 cases of cancer in the larynx every year now so we are taking all necessary precautions to prevent people from further sufferings.
P: Well I am thankful for your help doctor.
If the results of the tests for cancer are positive, what will happen then?
D: After these tests have been completed and if they are positive then we should be able to tell you the extent of the cancer. This is known as the stage and grade of the cancer.
We use a system called the TNM systemto stage laryngeal cancer. T describes the size of the tumour, N describes whether cancer has spread to the lymph nodes and M gives an indication of whether the cancer has spread to other parts of the body.
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