【资料下载】15+国产肿瘤学期刊Cancer Communications | 热门研究领域文章解读及投稿信息指导

中国主要癌症的癌症负担：采取可持续行动的必要性

Cancer is still a major health problem in China although numerous efforts have been made for its prevention and control. Findings from this study showed that lung cancer remains the most common type of cancer diagnosed, and was attributed to nearly 30% of all cancer-related deaths. The incidence of the five most common cancers, in China, in 2015, including cancers of the lungs, stomach, colorectum, liver and breast, accounted for almost 60% of all cancers diagnosed. The high cancer burden in China highlights the need for further improvement in health education, professional training and the building up an anti-cancer network for introducing and implementing sustainable actions for cancer control.

虽然中国为癌症预防和控制作出了巨大的努力，但癌症一直是中国的一个主要健康问题。此项研究的结果表明，肺癌仍然是确诊癌症中最常见的类型，所有癌症相关死亡病例中有近30%是由肺癌造成。2015年，中国五种最常见的癌症（包括肺癌、胃癌、结直肠癌、肝癌和乳腺癌）的发病率占所有确诊癌症病例的近60%。中国的高癌症负担突显出进一步提高健康教育、专业培训水平和扩大抗癌网络以引入和实施可持续癌症控制行动的必要性。

肿瘤免疫治疗时代的多重免疫组织化学/免疫荧光技术

Conventional immunohistochemistry (IHC) is a widely used diagnostic technique in tissue pathology. However, this technique is associated with a number of limitations, including high inter-observer variability and the capacity to label only one marker per tissue section. This review details various highly multiplexed techniques that have emerged to circumvent these constraints, allowing simultaneous detection of multiple markers on a single tissue section and the comprehensive study of cell composition, cellular functional and cell-cell interactions. Among these techniques, multiplex Immunohistochemistry/Immunofluorescence (mIHC/IF) has emerged to be particularly promising. mIHC/IF provides high-throughput multiplex staining and standardized quantitative analysis for highly reproducible, efficient and cost-effective tissue studies. This technique has immediate potential for translational research and clinical practice, particularly in the era of cancer immunotherapy.

常规免疫组织化学（IHC）是组织病理学领域广泛使用的一种诊断技术，但该技术存在诸多局限，包括高度的观察者间变异性以及每个组织切片只能标记一个标记物。本文对各种多重检测技术进行了详细介绍，利用这些技术可以克服上述局限性，实现在单个组织切片上同时检测多个标记物，并对细胞组成、细胞功能和细胞间的相互作用展开综合性研究。多重免疫组织化学/免疫荧光（mIHC/IF）是这些技术中最具应用前景的一种。mIHC/IF为开展高重复性、高效和高性价比的组织研究提供了高通量多重染色和标准化定量分析手段。该技术在转化研究和临床实践中，尤其是在癌症免疫治疗时代，极具应用潜力。

肿瘤微环境中的CXCL5/CXCR2轴作为诊断性生物标记物和治疗靶点的可能性

The components of the tumor microenvironment (TME) in solid tumors, especially chemokines, are currently attracting much attention from scientists. C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 5 (CXCL5) is one of the important chemokines in TME. Overexpression of CXCL5 is closely related to the survival time, recurrence and metastasis of cancer patients. In TME, CXCL5 binds to its receptors, such as C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 2 (CXCR2), to participate in the recruitment of immune cells and promote angiogenesis, tumor growth, and metastasis. The CXCL5/CXCR2 axis can act as a bridge between tumor cells and host cells in TME. Blocking the transmission of CXCL5/CXCR2 signals can increase the sensitivity and effectiveness of immunotherapy and slow down tumor progression. CXCL5 and CXCR2 are also regarded as biomarkers for predicting prognosis and molecular targets for customizing the treatment. In this review, we summarized the current literature regarding the biological functions and clinical significance of CXCL5/CXCR2 axis in TME. The possibility to use CXCL5 and CXCR2 as potential prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets in cancer is also discussed.

实体瘤中肿瘤微环境（TME）的组成成分，尤其是趋化因子，已引起科学家的广泛关注。C-X-C基序趋化因子配体5（CXCL5）是TME中重要的趋化因子之一。CXCL5的过度表达与癌症患者的生存时间、癌症复发和转移密切相关。在TME中，CXCL5与其受体结合，例如C-X-C基序趋化因子受体2（CXCR2），进而参与免疫细胞的募集并促进血管生成、肿瘤生长和转移。CXCL5/CXCR2轴可以作为TME中肿瘤细胞和宿主细胞之间的桥梁。阻断CXCL5/CXCR2信号的传递可以提高免疫治疗的敏感性和有效性，并减缓肿瘤发展进程。CXCL5和CXCR2也被视为判断预后的生物标志物和用于定制治疗方法的分子靶点。本文对当前有关CXCL5/CXCR2轴在TME中的生物学功能和临床意义的研究进行了总结，同时对使用CXCL5和CXCR2作为癌症潜在预后生物标记物和治疗靶点的可能性进行了探讨。

硼中子俘获疗法：现状和未来展望

The development of new accelerators has given a new impetus to the development of new drugs and treatment technologies using boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT). We analyzed the current status and future directions of BNCT for cancer treatment, as well as the main issues related to its introduction. This review highlights the principles of BNCT and the key milestones in its development: new boron delivery drugs and different types of charged particle accelerators are described; several important aspects of BNCT implementation are discussed. BCNT could be used alone or in combination with chemotherapy and radiotherapy, and it is evaluated in light of the outlined issues. For the speedy implementation of BCNT in medical practice, it is necessary to develop more selective boron delivery agents and to generate an epithermal neutron beam with definite characteristics. Pharmacological companies and research laboratories should have access to accelerators for large-scale screening of new, more specific boron delivery agents.

新型加速器的发展为开发采用硼中子俘获疗法（BNCT）的新药和治疗技术提供了新动力。本文对BNCT用于癌症治疗的现状和未来方向以及相关的主要问题进行了分析。重点介绍了BNCT的原理及其发展的关键里程碑，对新型硼携带药物和不同类型带电粒子加速器以及有关BNCT实施的几个重要问题进行了阐述。BCNT可以单独使用，也可以结合放化疗使用，本文对此进行了评估。要在临床实践中快速实施BCNT，就必须开发更具选择性的硼携带剂，并生成具有明确特性的超热中子束。制药公司和研究实验室可以利用加速器对更具体的新型硼携带剂进行大规模筛选。

FTO/miR-181b-3p/ARL5B信号通路可以控制乳腺癌细胞的迁移和侵袭

Background N6-methyladenosine (m(6)A) RNA modification has been demonstrated to be a significant regulatory process in the progression of various tumors, including breast cancer. Fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) enzyme, initially known as the obesity-related protein, is the first identified m(6)A demethylase. However, the relationship between FTO and breast cancer remains controversial. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the role and clinical significance of FTO in breast cancer and to explore the underlying mechanism. Methods We first investigated the expression of FTO in breast cancer cell lines and tissues by quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (qRT-PCR), Western blotting, and immunohistochemistry. Wound healing assay and Transwell assay were performed to determine the migration and invasion abilities of SKBR3 and MDA-MB453 cells with either knockdown or overexpression of FTO. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) was conducted to decipher the downstream targets of FTO. qRT-PCR, luciferase reporter assay, and Western blotting were employed to confirm the existence of the FTO/miR-181b-3p/ARL5B axis. The biological function of ADP ribosylation factor like GTPase 5B (ARL5B) in breast cancer cells was evaluated by wound healing assay and Transwell invasion assay. Results High FTO expression was observed in human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive breast cancer, predicting advanced progression (tumor size [P < 0.001], nuclear grade [P = 0.001], peritumoral lymphovascular invasion [P < 0.001), lymph node metastasis [P = 0.002], and TNM stage [P = 0.001]) and poor prognosis. Moreover, FTO promoted cell invasion and migrationin vitro. Mechanistically, RNA-seq and further confirmation studies suggested that FTO up-regulated ARL5B by inhibiting miR-181b-3p. We further verified that ARL5B also displayed carcinogenic activity in breast cancer cells. Conclusion Our work demonstrated the carcinogenic activity of FTO in promoting the invasion and migration of breast cancer cells via the FTO/miR-181b-3p/ARL5B signaling pathway.

背景：N6-甲基腺苷（m(6)A）RNA修饰已被证明是包括乳腺癌在内的各种肿瘤进展中的重要调节过程。脂肪量和肥胖相关（FTO）酶，最初被称为肥胖相关蛋白，是所确定的首个m(6)A脱甲基酶。然而，FTO与乳腺癌之间的关系仍然存在争议。此项研究旨在阐明FTO在乳腺癌中的作用和临床意义，并探讨其潜在机制。

方法：利用定量逆转录PCR（qRT-PCR）、免疫印迹和免疫组织化学方法对FTO在乳腺癌细胞系和组织中的表达进行研究；通过伤口愈合实验和细胞侵袭实验，检测FTO敲除或过度表达的SKBR3和MDA-MB453细胞的迁移和侵袭能力；通过RNA测序（RNA-seq）来识别FTO的下游靶点；利用qRT-PCR、荧光素酶报导基因分析和免疫印迹法来确认FTO与miR-181b-3p/ARL5B的调控关系；通过伤口愈合实验和细胞侵袭实验对ADP核糖基化因子（例如GTPase 5B [ARL5B）]）在乳腺癌细胞中的生物学功能进行评估。

结果：在人表皮生长因子受体2（HER2）阳性乳腺癌中观察到FTO高表达，预示晚期进展（肿瘤大小[P < 0.001]、细胞核分级[P = 0.001]、瘤周淋巴血管浸润[P < 0.001]、淋巴结转移[P = 0.002]以及TNM分期[P = 0.001]）和预后不良。此外，FTO在体外对细胞侵袭和迁移起到了促进作用。从机制上讲，RNA-seq的结果进一步确认了FTO可通过抑制miR-181b-3p来上调ARL5B。我们进一步证实了ARL5B在乳腺癌细胞中显示出致癌活性。

结论：此项研究证明，FTO可以通过miR-181b-3p/ARL5B信号通路促进乳腺癌细胞的侵袭和迁移。

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