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Why it’s OK not to be perfect at work
工作中无须至臻至美
英文部分选自经济学人202200729期商业版块
Why it’s OK not to be perfect at work
工作中无须至臻至美
A backlash against the tyranny of high expectations
苛刻的高期望引发反对潮
注释:
backlash: A backlash against a tendency or recent development in society or politics, is a sudden, strong reaction against it.
It is the world’s most tired interview question: what is your greatest weakness? And Rishi Sunak, one of the two remaining candidates in the race to become Britain’s prime minister, gave the world’s most tired answer—perfectionism—when he was asked it at an online hustings earlier this month. 
你最大的不足是什么?,这是世界上最陈词滥调的面试问题。在本月初开展的一次线上竞选活动中,里希·苏纳克(Rishi Sunak——作为仅剩的两名英国首相候选人之一,也遭遇到同样的问题,而他也给出了世界上最陈词滥调的回答——“完美主义
注释:
hustings: The political campaigns and speeches before an election are sometimes referred to as the hustings.
No interviewee would answer this question with an unambiguous negative (“stupidity”, say, or “body odour”). Like all those who have reached for it before, Mr Sunak will have intended his reply to signal that his flaws are virtues, especially compared with the shambolic style of Boris Johnson’s outgoing government. 
相信所有面试者在回答该问题时都会避免给出一个具体的缺点(比如迟钝或者有体味)。就像之前所有遇到过这个问题的人一样,苏纳克先生(Mr Sunak)的回答也是明贬实褒,这和即将离任的鲍里斯·约翰逊(Boris Johnson)乱七八糟的管理风格形成了鲜明对比。
注释:
shambolic: (chiefly British) obviously disorganized or confused.
出处:
英国首相找不到演讲稿,尬聊小猪佩奇应付混乱的场面:
https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-59373237
But this classic response is riskier than it once was. In Mr Sunak’s case that is because the job of prime minister is largely to triage problems and make decisions at a relentless pace; even his supporters worry that his deliberative style would be a problem. More generally, perfectionism is increasingly out of step with the ways that products are developed, employees are treated and workforces are organised. 
然而,这种经典的回答没以前那么保险了。这一后果就苏纳克的处境而言,是由于首相的职责主要是对问题进行分类(交给相关部门处理)并迅速做出决断;因此,甚至他的支持者也会担忧其缜密谨慎的风格会为其招来麻烦。从更广泛的意义上来说,完美主义已然愈发与产品研发、员工管理以及雇员安排的方式格格不入。
Start with product development. Lots of digital types embrace the concept of the minimum viable product (mvp), in which companies ship prototypes that can be refined, or indeed scrapped, on the basis of feedback from early adopters. The essence of the mvp approach is anti-perfectionism: don’t procrastinate, don’t spend time sweating the tiniest details, get your product into users’ hands and see how it does. Fussing about font sizes and nice-to-have features is a waste of time; the market will hone things for you, dispensing its judgments cumulatively and dispassionately. 
从产品开发说起。许多数码企业奉行的是最简可行产品的策略,即公司发布产品原型,然后根据前期使用者的反馈,不断改进原型,或者完全废弃原型。最简可行产品的本质是反完美主义——不要拖延,不要在细枝末节过多纠缠,直接将产品送到用户手中,看看效果如何。纠结于字体大小和可有可无的功能纯属浪费时间。市场会为你锤炼产品,不断给予你客观的反馈。
注释:
A minimum viable product (MVP) is a development technique in which a new product or website is developed with sufficient features to satisfy early adopters. The final, complete set of features is only designed and developed after considering feedback from the product's initial users. This concept has been popularized by Eric Ries, a consultant and writer on startups.
最简可行产品 (MVP) 是一种开发技术,其中只需具有足够功能以满足早期采用者的新产品或网站;而最终完整的功能集是在考虑产品初始用户的反馈后才设计和开发的。这一概念由创业公司顾问和作家埃里克·里斯(Eric Ries)推广。
https://www.techopedia.com/definition/27809/minimum-viable-product-mvp
A growing emphasis on employees’ well-being is another reason why perfectionism is out of favour. The trait is on the rise: a study published in 2017 found that it had been steadily increasing among American, British and Canadian college students between 1989 and 2016 (before you blame Instagram, one big reason is rising parental expectations). The tyranny of excessively high expectations is not good for you: a big literature review in 2016 concluded that perfectionism is associated with a string of mental-health disorders, from depression and burnout to stress and self-harm. 
社会越来越重视员工的心理健康是完美主义失宠的另一原因,而这种追求完美的趋势正在愈演愈烈2017年发表的一项研究表明,1989年到2016年间,美国、英国、加拿大的大学生对心理健康的重视程度在稳步提升(先别急着归咎于Instagram,父母的期望值越来越高也是很重要的原因)。一味的提出过高的要求对你并无益处:2016年的一则长篇文献综述得出结论,完美主义与一系列心理健康疾病息息相关,其中就包括抑郁、崩溃、压力、自残。
It matters what kind of perfectionist someone is. Psychologists distinguish between a “self-oriented” version, in which people put pressure on themselves to perform flawlessly; an “other-oriented” type, in which people hold their colleagues to the highest of standards; and a “socially prescribed” version, in which employees think that they will only get on if they meet the impossible expectations of those around them. People in the last camp seem to be especially prone to stress. A recent Italian study found that, whereas having extremely high standards for your own performance was not a predictor of burnout, being afraid of making mistakes was.
当然,弄清完美主义者的类型也至关重要。心理学家区分出了以下三类完美主义者:内生型(对自己施压以求做到完美无瑕),外向型(对同事高标准严要求),以及社会源型(员工认为自己只有在达到周围人不可能达到的高期望时才算成功)。最后一类人特别容易焦虑。意大利最近的一项研究表明,虽然对自己的表现有极高的要求并不一定会让人崩溃,但害怕犯错却会。
Perfectionists may also hurt team cohesiveness. In a study conducted in 2020, Emily Kleszewski and Kathleen Otto of Philipps-University of Marburg asked people to rate potential co-workers based on descriptions of their levels and categories of perfectionism. Perfectionists were regarded as being less socially skilled and less likeable than non-perfectionists. You don’t have to like your colleagues for them to be effective: in that same study, perfectionists were rated as more competent than non-perfectionists. But when more and more work is organised around small groups working together, it can help not to loathe each other. 
完美主义者可能也会破坏集体凝聚力。在2020年的一项研究中,德国马尔堡菲利普斯大学的艾米丽·克莱谢夫斯基(Emily Kleszewski)和凯瑟琳·奥托(Kathleen Otto)让人们依据未来同事自述的完美主义程度及类型对其打分。研究表明,人们认为完美主义者相对不擅长社交,也没有非完美主义者讨人喜爱。但同事们的工作效率可不会因为你不喜欢他们而降低(效率高,并不见得讨人喜),毕竟该项研究也指出,人们认为完美主义者比非完美主义者能力更强。可随着越来越多工作需要以小团队为单位进行推进,团队成员之间不交恶才可行。
By now your inner curmudgeon may well be frothing at the mouth. Nit-picking micro-managers are deeply annoying but they are nowhere near as bad as people who don’t have any standards. Demanding bosses can be the difference between good products and superb ones: “that’ll do” was not the mantra that made Steve Jobs successful. Some jobs actively require perfectionism—copy editors, say, or medicines regulators. And since when did being exacting become a health risk? 
说到这里,你内心的暴躁小人可能已气得七窍生烟。吹毛求疵拿着显微镜找茬的管理者让人不胜其烦,深恶痛绝。但这种管理者远不如那些毫无标管理者来得糟糕。挑剔的老板可能是让产品从优秀卓越的关键。要知道史蒂夫·乔布斯(Steve Jobs)成功的秘诀可不是差不多。有些工作确实需要完美主义,比如文字编辑或药品监管工作。而且从何时起,高标准严要求怎么就成了健康隐患呢?
Fortunately, discouraging perfectionism does not mean sacrificing high standards. In a paper published last year, three academics at the University of Ottawa found that people who strove for excellence did better on tests of creative thinking than people who sought perfection. Managers can explicitly define what counts as high-quality work. Deadlines can prevent endless procrastination. Mr Sunak’s call not to let the perfect be the enemy of the good came as he sat in front of a poster that misspelled the word “campaign”. That took things too far.
幸而不再苛求完美主义并不意味着舍弃高标准。去年发表的一份论文中,渥太华大学三名科研人员发现,追求卓越的人比追求完美的人在创造力思维测试中表现更卓越。管理人员可以明确界定高质量的标准。设置截止时间也能杜绝无休止的拖延现象。苏纳克一面呼吁完美不是优秀的敌人,身后海报上campaign一词却拼错,这就有点不应该了。
翻译组:
Shulin,女,热咖啡+保温杯,慢慢来er
Summer,女,QE在职,梦想能仗走天涯翻译/音乐/健康
Octavia, 键盘手和古风爵士,逃离舒适圈,有只英短叫八爷
校对组:
Rain,未来北外同传小香菜
Francis,满地都是六便士,我却抬头看见了月亮
Rachel,学理工科,爱跳芭蕾,热爱文艺的非典型翻译
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