体检发现HPV阳性,要治疗吗?要注意什么?
随着体检越来越普及,宫颈癌筛查也被很数女性所熟知。
如果筛查结果无异常,皆大欢喜;但是,如果报告单提示某种异常时,则会让很多女性焦虑不安。尤其当看到HPV阳性时,可能会更担心,因为传说中:
“HPV阳性说明是性病”
“HPV阳性说明容易得宫颈癌”
接下来就来聊聊:高危型HPV阳性意味着什么?要药物治疗?动态观察还是进一步检查?
备注:CIN,即宫颈上皮内瘤样病变(cervical intraepithelial neoplasia ),是一种宫颈癌前病变,分为CIN1、CIN2和CIN3。
CIN1为低级别病变,进展为恶性肿瘤的可能性较低,自行消退的可能性较高,所以这里没有统计。而CIN2/3为高级别病变,进展为宫颈癌的可能性较高,消退的可能性较低,通常需要进行诊断性切除术(LEEP、冷刀锥切术和激光锥切术活检)进一步诊治。
[1] Joel M Palefsky, MD.人乳头瘤病毒感染的流行病学及其与疾病的关联. UpToDate 2021.
[2] Jason D Wright, MD.宫颈上皮内瘤变:专业术语、发病率、发病机制和预防.UpToDate 2021.
[3] Katki HA, Schiffman M, Castle PE, et al. Five-year risks of CIN 3+ and cervical cancer among women who test Pap-negative but are HPV-positive. J Low Genit Tract Dis 2013; 17:S56.
[4] Kjær SK, Frederiksen K, Munk C, Iftner T. Long-term absolute risk of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3 or worse following human papillomavirus infection: role of persistence. J Natl Cancer Inst 2010; 102:1478.
[5] Katki HA, Schiffman M, Castle PE, et al. Benchmarking CIN 3+ risk as the basis for incorporating HPV and Pap cotesting into cervical screening and management guidelines. J Low Genit Tract Dis 2013; 17:S28.
[6] Katki HA, Schiffman M, Castle PE, et al. Five-year risks of CIN 3+ and cervical cancer among women who test Pap-negative but are HPV-positive. J Low Genit Tract Dis 2013; 17:S56.
[7] Michael Frumovitz, MD.浸润性宫颈癌的流行病学、危险因素、临床表现和诊断.UpToDate 2021.
[8] Christopher P Crum, MD.宫颈和阴道细胞学:解读检查结果(巴氏涂片报告).UpToDate 2021.
[9] Cox JT, Castle PE, Behrens CM, et al. Comparison of cervical cancer screening strategies incorporating different combinations of cytology, HPV testing, and genotyping for HPV 16/18: results from the ATHENA HPV study. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2013; 208:184.e1.
[10] Winer R, Hughes JP, Feng Q, et al. Consistent condom use from time of first vaginal intercourse and the risk of genital human papillomavirus infection in young women. N Engl J Med 2006: 354;2645-2654.
文章 | 这个在医学上已取消的诊断,如今仍困扰不少女性
医学校对:妇产科曾欢英医生
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