麓湖穿水公园：唤醒城市空间下的滨水记忆

本文经授权转载自公众号LabDH SH

项目概况

PROJECT OVERVIEW

成都麓湖活水公园是在城市居住空间与滨水空间组织关系中的一次新探索与景观设计实践。通过生态模拟的设计手法，以情境再现的设计形式，加强周边社区与滨水绿地的联系，在有限的城市空间中拉近了人与自然的距离。发掘成都这座山城的水文化脉络，以四川水文特征为导向，串联都江堰、岷江河谷、五彩池等景观，构筑独具在地特色的社区公园——“活水公园”。

Living Water Garden in Chengdu, China is a landscape design project that explores the relationship between residential space and water. Through the design techniques of ecological simulation and scenery reproduction, the ties between the surrounding communities and waterfront green space are strengthened, and the distance between man and nature is narrowed. The unique water culture of Chengdu, known primarily as a mountain city, was taken into account to create a community park with all the vital characteristics of the local environment. This park, which also takes inspiration from aspects of Dujiangyan, the Minjiang River Valley, and Wucaichi, is known as the Living Water Garden.

在狭窄的线性“剩余”场地空间中，设计团队利用植物设计，巧妙地将水与景有机融合，弱化人工痕迹，强调自然做功。大地造型、自然拟态的设计，唤醒了岷江滋养下的成都人的滨水记忆。

Utilizing the narrow “surplus” space in the area, the design team planted greenery to skillfully and organically integrate the water into the landscape. Traces of man-made interference are minimized, while the natural beauty of the space is emphasized. The space’s shape and resemblance to natural waterways awaken the waterfront memories of the Chengdu people, who have long been nourished by the mighty Minjiang River.

现状分析

SITE ANALYSIS

活水公园位于麓湖生态城内核心区域，横跨两个湖区，贯穿十几个体量庞大的居住区。场地长约1.5公里，最窄的地方仅40米，是典型的在城市扩张过程中的狭长型“剩余”空地。受高差限制，整个场地犹如一个线性的“壕沟”，最高的落差接近5米，很难作为公共公园使用。散落与被分割的社区环境，使得居民日常生活仅局限在自己社区内部，缺乏与其他社区的交往与联系。设计团队希望通过活水公园重新将不同社区的居民吸引出来，用水的主题重新串联他们的公共活动与交往。

Living Water Garden is a core area of Luhu Eco-City, an international new town integrating high-end residential and leisure industries. It touches two large lakes and more than a dozen residential communities. The site is about 1.5 kilometers long and only 40 meters wide at its narrowest point, which are relatively typical dimensions for “surplus” empty spaces in the inner-city areas of Chengdu. Due to the undulating earth, the site has the form of a linear trench. The largest height difference is nearly 5 meters, which brought considerable difficulties for transforming it into a public space. Before construction, the scattered and divided community structure left residents rather confined in their own spaces. There was a noticeable lack of interaction between people of different neighborhoods. Through the Living Water Garden project, the design team hoped to draw in residents from a wide variety of communities, and reconnect their daily lives through the theme of water.

△ 场地现状航拍

△ 场地现状分析

设计策略

DESIGN STRATEGY

为了唤醒这个灰色峡谷的生机与活力，设计团队充分发掘城市地脉和文脉，以四川水文特征为导向，通过生态模拟的设计手法将堰渠、谷地、叠池与洲屿逐步演绎形成四个专属于成都的水互动公园。包括四个段落，分水公园、穿水公园、叠水公园、环水公园。

To reinvigorate the energy of this small canyon-like space, the design team conducted a comprehensive study of its urban geography and cultural identity. Guided by the hydrological characteristics of Sichuan Province, they envisioned the original weirs, lowlands, overlapping ponds, and islands of the region into four interactive hydroparks. The sections are named Chuanshui Park, Fenshui Park, Dieshui Park, and Huanshui Park.

△ “水入成都传说”的概念

△ 平面图

△ 水系分析

穿水公园作为“活水公园”中的第一个落地段，设计团队通过利用场地内的高差，结合高低起伏的地形，打造了一条掩映在绿荫之下趣味盎然的“自然隧道”，以起伏的地形、茂密的草本植物围合出幽深的峡谷水溪。根据自然规律，穿水公园可以自主调节季节水量大小；丰水期，枯水期两种不同的景观，打造一个跟随季节变化的吐纳公园。流淌穿行于社区之中，在山苗和高草的交辉掩映之间。置身于水雾中，沿着溪涧前行，在曲折迂回之间打造一个融入社区的线性公园。为了摸拟自然山川形态和流水冲刷的空间和肌理效果，保证峡谷造型可塑性、可行性、隐蔽性和便利性，材料采用建筑立面级别的GRC。打造一个极具挑战的石头峡谷。

Chuanshui Park, as the first completed section of Living Water Garden, is designed as a novel “natural tunnel”, taking advantage of the height differences across the site’s undulating terrain. The park is enclosed by dense herbaceous plants and surrounded by deep canyon streams. Depending on the time of year, the amount of water used in Chuanshui Park can be adjusted; two different landscapes, one for the wet season and one for the dry season, help create a public space that changes with the seasons. The lake flows naturally through the community, between the hills and tall grasses. Visitors immerse themselves in the water’s mist while walking below the stream, forming a linear park that twists and turns. To simulate the space and texture of a natural mountain and river formation, and ensure adaptability, sustainability, and convenience, low cost reinforced concrete was used as the building material at the facade level. The challenging project is now an inseparable and beloved part of the local community.

△ 穿水公园场地剖面图

△ 掩映在绿荫之下幽深的峡谷水溪

节点设计

NODE DESIGN

· 形态模拟

穿水公园通过模拟岷江河谷的形态，重塑自然状态中的崖壁和水流，打造了一处水草丰茂的线性滨水公园。穿水公园场地较周边社区低5.5米左右。在绿荫掩映的公园外表下，隐藏了一条深邃的互动水溪。峡谷内高低不同、宽窄有致、形态多变，再现出岷江河谷的蜿蜒瑰丽。

· Form Imitation

Chuanshui Park recreates the natural cliffs, waterflow, and water plants of the Minjiang River Valley. The park is approximately 5.5 meters lower than the surrounding neighborhood. Out of view of the shaded visitors is a deep, interactive water stream. At different points, the valley varies in height, width, and shape, reproducing the winding beauty of the Minjiang River Valley.

△ 模拟岷江河谷的形态，打造水草丰茂的线性公园

倾泻的水瀑、活泼的涌泉、灵动的跳泉，四下弥散的雾泉，置身其中，随机触发的互动水景装置，在不同的空间带来多元的水乐互动体验。利用特殊的场地高差，从高处的步行桥下发源，汇入低处水塘，形态各异的池底造就了变化丰富的水流，等待有心人静静观赏细微处的律动。

Gently crashing waterfalls, lively fountains, and randomly triggered spraying installations bring diversified, interactive experiences to different parts of the water environment. Using the natural differences in height, the water flows from the upper pedestrian bridge down to the pond at the bottom of the site. The pond’s diverse forms create an often-changing waterflow, beckoning visitors to serenely follow its rhythm.

△ 倾泻的水瀑

△ 灵动的跳泉

△ 活泼的涌泉

模拟自然生态，根据自然规律自主调节溪流流量大小。不同季节水位水量不同，场地功能适应多变。丰水季水量充沛，活动丰富热闹；枯水器水位下降后，曲折的步道露出水面，去设施化的场所将游人探索的焦点拉回空间本身，保持常态化的趣味。

Natural ecology is simulated by adjusting the size of the stream’s flow depending on the natural circumstances. Water levels change based on the season, as do the site’s functions. During the wet season, activities are rich and lively; after the water level drops in October, the zigzagging walkway reveals the ground surface, and focus is drawn back to the space itself.

△ 模拟自然生态，自主调节溪流流量大小

· 社区可达性

从社区出发，视线穿过山苗和野趣高草，被流水冲刷的峡谷墙壁、石质地面若影若现，淅淅沥沥的水流随峡谷流淌，串联起沿途的景观节点和游乐空间。

· Community Accessibility

From the nearby community, one’s view passes through the mountain seedlings and wild grass. The canyon walls and stone-ground washed by water are faintly visible. The falling water flows along the canyon, connecting the landscape nodes and recreation spaces.

△ 社区可达性

露出水面的格式汀步，让人们充分的亲近水面，站在步行桥上观赏溪流穿越峡谷时的丰富变化。孩子们在充满野趣的山谷里，追逐着从地面，墙壁里涌出的溪流和涌泉。峡谷两边的雾泉装置随机触发，水雾缭绕，沿着溪涧前行，在曲折迂回间又回到最初的起点。

The exposed waterway facilitates intimacy with the water. Visitors can stand on the walking bridge and watch the flowing changes of the stream as it crosses the canyon. Children running along the wild ravine can chase the water flowing from the ground and walls and play in the fountains. The mist springs on both sides of the gorge go off at random; mist fills the air, moves down the park, and, after some twists and turns, returns to its starting point.

△ 露出水面的汀步

△ 孩子们在汀步边戏水 ©芸台漫汀

△ 孩子们在峡谷水溪间追逐嬉戏 ©芸台漫汀

△ 水景装置

· 细节设计

为了模拟自然山川形态和流水冲刷的空间和肌理效果，峡谷的墙体和地面多为双曲面、多曲面。考虑到峡谷的造型的自然流线的可塑性、崖壁上的覆土种植的可行性、触发式水景设备的隐蔽性、后续维修检查的便利性等，建筑立面级别的GRC成为最佳选项。利用GRC的材料特性，分模块进行干挂，并外饰仿水洗石饰面，塑造出挑的轻巧悬崖造型；此外，GRC材质具有高度的可塑性，便于精细造型和开孔，利用这一特质完美地修饰了立面凸出的出水设备，使得这些细节隐藏在峡谷之中。巧妙地运用植物设计，让水景装置隐匿在场地之中，也将水景和景观设计在场地内相互融合。

· Detailed Design

To simulate the natural form and effect of mountain and river space, the walls and floors of the valley are mostly hyperboloid and poly-curved. Considering the adaptability of the natural waterflow line of the canyon, the feasibility of planting greenery on the cliff walls, the concealment of the waterscape fountains, and future maintenance and inspection needs, low cost reinforced concrete was determined to be the optimal material. Concrete’s unique characteristics allow for dry hanging modules, a faux washed stone veneer, and shaping of the cliff. In addition, its high degree of malleability makes it convenient for fine moulding. Using GRC also allowed for flexibly concealing the water equipment in the canyon. The wise placement of greenery helped hide the equipment, as well, while also integrating the plants into the waterscape and landscape design of the site.

△ 利用GRC材料特性模拟自然山川形态

△ GRC材料施工过程

△ GRC材料最后落地效果

社会意义

SOCIAL SERVICE

“水”是贯穿整个成都麓湖社区的灵魂。在这里，人的活动与水的活动息息相关。麓湖活水公园，将城市的文脉和地脉有机结合，营造了独具四川在地特色的活水公园。以沉浸式的体验，再现滨水记忆的自然情境，用一条富于变化的线性滨水公园，讲述了“水是如何流到成都”的曲折过程。紧密了社区与滨水空间的联系，拉近了人与滨水的距离，焕发了社区空间的生机与活力。

Water is the soul of the Chengdu community. Here, human activity is inseparable from the water. The Living Water Garden organically combines the artificial and natural contexts to create a public water park unique to Sichuan Province. The immersive experience of Living Water Garden reproduces memories of the waterfront, and its adaptive, linear form calls to mind the process of “how water flows to Chengdu” from the Minjiang River. Communities can gain a closer relationship with the water space. Physical and spiritual distance between people and water is shortened. And, perhaps most importantly, a once-dormant community space is revitalized with energy and vigor.