2022年4月2日的《经济学人》中有篇文章讲到了中国的“网红大V”,我从中节选了一段和大家分享:
原文
For consumers, influencers are at once a walking advert and a trusted friend. For intermediaries that sit between them and brands, they are a hot commodity. For the brands’ corporate owners, they are becoming a conduit to millennial and Gen-Z consumers, who will be responsible for 70% of the $350bn or so in global spending on bling by 2025, according to Bain, a consultancy. And for regulators, they are the subject of ever closer scrutiny. On March 29th news reports surfaced that China’s paternalistic authorities are planning new curbs on how much money internet users can spend on tipping their favourite influencers, how much those influencers can earn from fans, and what they are allowed to post. Taken together, all this makes them impossible to ignore.
解析
这段话分别从消费者、中间商、品牌商、监管机构四个角度,对“网红大V”群体进行介绍。
1
①For consumers, influencers are at once a walking advert and a trusted friend.
对消费者来说,网红既是活生生的广告,又是值得信赖的朋友。
①句从消费者角度介绍了网红大V。
influencer 是由 influence 变化而来,指“有影响力的人”,文中指“网红”“大V”。此外,也可以直接用拼音 wanghong 表示,比如《经济学人》关于中国网红的一句报道:
Dedicated wanghong incubators, of which China now has around 50, seek out promising candidates and help them hone online business models.
目前中国有50多家专业网红孵化器,它们寻找有潜力成为网红的人,帮助他们改善商业模式。
或者用 Internet star/celebrity 表示,再看一个《经济学人》里的例句:
The fans are helping this new breed of Chinese internet star to monetise their popularity—and to shake up the country’s e-commerce industry in the process.
粉丝帮助中国网红将自己的人气变现,同时在这个过程中改变中国的电子商务行业。
at once 在这里是个熟词僻义,大家都知道它“立即、马上”的意思,但在这里它表示“同时”,相当于 at the same timetogether,比如:
I can't do two things at once! 我不能同时做两件事!
Don't all talk at once. 不要同时发言。
文中 are at once... and... 就可以翻译成“既是...又是...”。
a walking advert 行走的广告,也可以翻译成“活生生的广告”。
2
②For intermediaries that sit between them and brands, they are a hot commodity.
对消费者和品牌之间的中间商来说,他们可谓是香饽饽。
②句从中间商角度对网红大V进行介绍。
intermediary 表示“中间人、中间商”,前缀“inter-”表示“在...之间、相互”,比如 inter-racial marriage 各种族间通婚,interface 界面,interaction 相互作用,international 国际。“mediary”跟 media(媒介)有关,所以合起来 intermediary 就是“中间人、中间商”的意思,比如淘宝店铺,它连接品牌和消费者,就属于 intermediary.
that sit between them and brands 是定语从句,修饰 intermediaries,其中 them 指上句出现的 consumers。
sit 不是“坐”的意思,而是“处于”,比如:
A large bus was sitting outside.
外面停着一辆大轿车。
定语从句部分的意思是:处于消费者和品牌之间的中间商。
commodity 指“商品”,经济领域中的“大宗商品”,英文就是 commodities。
commodity 除了“商品”讲,还可以表示 a thing that is useful or has a useful quality 有用的东西,有使用价值的事物。a hot commodity 可以当成一个固定搭配积累下来,表示“热门事物、香饽饽”。《经济学人》中有篇文章讲到了数据的重要性,文中有句话就出现了这个表达:
On the one hand, the data they are scooping up from consumers are becoming an ever more prized commodity.
一方面,他们从消费者手中获取的数据越来越宝贵。
《经济学人》有篇文章讲到了首尔车票“一票难求”,也用到了这个表达:
Tickets on trains out of the capital, Seoul, are a hot commodity too.
驶离首都首尔的车票也成了香饽饽。
举一反三造个句子,因为疫情原因,上海蔬菜严重紧缺,我们可以说:
Vegetables in Shanghai have become a hot commodity.
3
③For the brands’ corporate owners, they are becoming a
conduit
to
millennial
and
Gen-Z
consumers, who will
be responsible for
70% of the $350bn or so in global spending on
bling
by 2025, according to Bain, a consultancy.

对于这些品牌的企业所有者而言,它们正成为连接千禧一代和Z一代消费者的渠道。根据咨询公司贝恩(Bain)的数据,到2025年,全球奢侈品支出大约达到3500亿美元,而千禧一代和Z一代的贡献将达到70%。
③句从品牌商角度介绍网红大V。
这句话有点长,我们先看主干:For the brands’ corporate owners, they are becoming a conduit to millennial and Gen-Z consumers
brands’ corporate owners 指“品牌的企业拥有者”,即“拥有该品牌的企业”,比如 ONLY、杰克琼斯、VERO MODA 是服装品牌(brands),这些品牌都归时装集团BESTSELLER所有(corporate owners)。
they 指的是 influencers “网红大V”。
conduit 本是指液体、气体、电线的“管道”,常引申为传递思想观点、金钱、武器、毒品的“通道”,用法为 be a conduit to/for,比如:
Pakistan became a conduit for drugs produced in Afghanistan.
巴基斯坦成了阿富汗毒品的贩运通道。
文中 a conduit to millennial and Gen-Z consumers 意思是:连接千禧一代和Z一代消费者的渠道。
millennial 指“千禧一代”,根据维基百科,大部分媒体定义的 millennials 是指出生于1981 和1996之间的人,到千年期结束时达到成年年龄。“千禧一代”有时也被称为“Generation Y”,其父辈为“Generation X”(1965-1980年出生),有着独立、冷漠、物质主义、不负责任等特征。 
Gen Z 的年龄段众说纷纭,牛津高阶将其定义为 the group of people who were born between the late 1990s and the early 2010s,我们可以简单理解为1995-2010年出生的人,也就是95后和00后。
BBC 有篇文章报道了中国的“教育内卷化”现象,里面有句话就出现了 millennial 和 Gen Z:
The student was crowned as "Tsinghua's Involuted King", and the idea of involution began trending across China's young generation, resonating especially with millennials born after the 1990s and Gen Z.
这名学生被誉为“清华卷王”,且内卷的概念开始在中国年轻一代中流行起来,尤其在90后和Z一代中引起共鸣。
写作中,我们就可以用 millennial 和 Gen Z 来替换 young people,使表达更新颖。
至此,文中 For the brands’ corporate owners, they are becoming a conduit to millennial and Gen-Z consumers 这句话的意思就很好理解了:对品牌的企业所有者来说,网红大V成为连接千禧一代和Z一代消费者的渠道。
millennial and Gen-Z consumers后面加了一个定语从句,对这一群体作进一步介绍:who will be responsible for 70% of the $350bn or so in global spending on bling by 2025
be responsible for 在这里不是“对...负责”的意思,而表示 if something is responsible for a change, problem, event etc, it causes it “是...的原因、成为...的起因”,看两个例句:
The floods were responsible for over a hundred deaths.
洪水造成一百多人死亡。
Cigarette smoking is responsible for about 90% of deaths from lung cancer.
因患肺癌而死亡者,约 90% 是吸烟所致。
当 be responsible for 后面加百分比时,也可以翻译成“”,因此第二个例句也可以翻译成:
吸烟占了肺癌死亡人数的90%。
the $350bn or so 指“3500亿美元左右”,or so 是“大约”的意思,看一个《经济学人》关于“疫情对经济影响”的例句:
Year-long lockdowns would cost America and the euro zone a third or so of GDP.
如果封城长达一年,美国和欧元区的GDP将损失约三分之一。
a third or so of GDP:大约1/3的GDP。
the $350bn or so in global spending 意思是“全球消费的3500亿美元左右”,spending on bling 指“奢侈品方面的支出/消费”,合起来 the $350bn or so in global spending on bling 就是:全球奢侈品消费的约3500亿美元。
注意这两个介词:「钱+in」表示“在...方面/领域的多少钱”,「spending on sth」指“某商品上的开销”。
bling 这个词很有意思,平时我们看到亮闪闪的东西会说“这东西 bling~bling~的”,因此这个词可用来指那些闪亮昂贵的“珠宝、首饰”,文中泛指“奢侈品”,可以替换 luxury。《老爸老妈浪漫史》中就出现过这个词:
Where'd you get the bling, Robin?
你从哪儿搞来的这个亮瞎人的挂坠的,罗宾?
文中定语从句部分就很好理解了:
who will be responsible for 70% of the $350bn or so in global spending on bling by 2025
到2025年,全球奢侈品支出大约达到3500亿美元,而千禧一代和Z一代将贡献70%。
4
④And for regulators, they are the subject of ever closer scrutiny.
监管机构对网红大V的审查将越来越严格。
④⑤两句从监管机构的角度来看网红大V。其中④句为概述,指出监管愈加严格。
subject 此处不是“学科”,而是指“对象”(不是你以为的那种对象,而是指批评、学习、调查的对象)
我们看几个例句:
Over the past few years, some of the positions he has adopted have made him the subject of criticism.
在过去的几年里,他所采取的某些立场使他成为了批评的对象。
He's now the subject of an official inquiry.
他现在是官方调查的对象。
scrutiny 指 careful and thorough examination “仔细审查”,2021年6月的六级真题中就出现过这个词:
Just as the environmental harm caused by aviation and other transport must come under far greater scrutiny, the social cost of tourism must also be confronted.
正如航空和其它交通工具所造成的环境影响必须受到严格审查一样,旅游业造成的社会成本也必须得到正视。
come under scrutiny = be the subject of scrutiny = be scrutinized 受到审查。
我们还可以从真题例句中提炼出一个写作句型:Just as..., ...also... “正如...,...也需...”,可用来进行类比,比如关于体育锻炼的话题,我们可以说:
Just as the engine needs to be run at regular intervals, the body also needs regular exercise.
正如引擎需要经常启动,身体也需要经常锻炼。
再比如谈到如何遏制环境污染时,我们可以说:
Just as the environment was not polluted overnight, the route forward is also by many small steps, beginning with the garbage-recycling program.
正如环境污染不是一天造成的,解决环境污染的办法也是由很多小步骤组成,首先是垃圾分类。
文中 they are the subject of ever closer scrutiny 的意思是:网红成为愈加严格的监管对象。
5
⑤On March 29th news reports surfaced that China’s paternalistic authorities are planning new curbs on how much money internet users can spend on tipping their favourite influencers, how much those influencers can earn from fans, and what they are allowed to post.
3月29日,有新闻报道称,中国家长式的权威机构正出台计划,以限制粉丝给网红打赏的金额、网红在粉丝身上的盈利金额,以及网红可发布的内容。
⑤句是对④句的展开,通过举例例子,体现出监管之严格。
这句话的主干是:On March 29th / news reports surfaced
On March 29th 交代了时间:3月29日。
surface 作名词是“水面”的意思,作动词则表示“浮出水面”,进一步引申为“出现、暴露”,看几个例句:
The paper says the evidence, when it surfaces, is certain to cause uproar.
该报称该证据一经披露,一定会引起骚动。
The emotions will surface at some point in life.
各种情绪都会在生活中的某个时刻流露出来。
The same old problems would surface again.
同样的老问题会再次暴露出来。
文中 news reports surfaced 的意思是:新闻报道出现了。
新闻报道的内容是什么?news reports 后面加了一个同位语从句,补充“新闻报道”的内容:that China’s paternalistic authorities / are planning new curbs on / how much money internet users can spend on tipping their favourite influencers, how much those influencers can earn from fans, and what they are allowed to post.
paternalistic authorities 指“家长作风的机构”,paternalistic 源自 parent 一词。
plan curbs on...意思是“计划对...进行限制”,比如“双减政策”:The authorities are planning curbs on private education companies.
文中 planning new curbs on 后面跟了三组并列成分,分别是:
1)how much money / internet users can spend / on tipping their favourite influencers
2)how much / those influencers can earn from fans
3)what they are allowed to post
1)句中,internet users can spend / on tipping their favourite influencers 是 money 的定语从句,我们还原成句子的形式是:internet users can spend / the money / on tipping their favourite influencers
tip 作名词是“小费”,这里作动词表示“给小费”,在文中语境下可以翻译成“打”。
3)句中,post 可用在社交媒体语境中,作名词表示“推送、动态”,作动词表示“发布消息”,what they are allowed to post 意思是:网红被允许发布的内容。
最后我们把这句话再整体看一遍:
On March 29th news reports surfaced that China’s paternalistic authorities are planning new curbs on how much money internet users can spend on tipping their favourite influencers, how much those influencers can earn from fans, and what they are allowed to post.
3月29日,有新闻报道称,中国家长式的权威机构正出台计划,以限制粉丝给网红打赏的金额、网红在粉丝身上的盈利金额,以及网红可发布的内容。
6
⑥Taken together, all this makes them impossible to ignore.
所有因素综合在一起,网红已成为一只不可忽视的力量。
⑥句进行总结,体现出网红大V影响力之大。
taken together 可用在句子开头,作状语,表示“整体来看、综合来看”,写作中可用来总结。
最后我们把这段话再来顺一遍:
For consumers, influencers are at once a walking advert and a trusted friend. For intermediaries that sit between them and brands, they are a hot commodity. For the brands’ corporate owners, they are becoming a conduit to millennial and Gen-Z consumers, who will be responsible for 70% of the $350bn or so in global spending on bling by 2025, according to Bain, a consultancy. And for regulators, they are the subject of ever closer scrutiny. On March 29th news reports surfaced that China’s paternalistic authorities are planning new curbs on how much money internet users can spend on tipping their favourite influencers, how much those influencers can earn from fans, and what they are allowed to post. Taken together, all this makes them impossible to ignore.
对消费者来说,网红既是活生生的广告,又是值得信赖的朋友。作为消费者和品牌之间的中介,他们可谓是香饽饽。对于这些品牌的企业所有者而言,它们正成为连接千禧一代和Z一代消费者的渠道。根据咨询公司贝恩(Bain)的数据,到2025年,全球奢侈品支出大约达到3500亿美元,而千禧一代和Z一代的贡献将达到70%。监管机构对网红大V的审查将越来越严格。3月29日,有新闻报道称,中国家长式的权威机构正出台计划,以限制粉丝给网红打赏的金额、网红在粉丝身上的盈利金额,以及网红可发布的内容。所有因素综合在一起,网红已成为一只不可忽视的力量。
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