第234期
(每周六、日推送)
首先,及物动词才有被动态,一般的被动形式有两种:
1. be + 过去分词
2. get+ 过去分词
有何区别呢?
这样,咱们先看两个例句,再加以探讨:
中文:车祸中有三人死亡四人受重伤。
① Three people died and four were seriously injured in the crash. (be + done 形式)
② Three people died and four got seriously/badly/severely injured in the crash. (get+done 形式)
两句话都可以,但"get + done"的形式主要用在非正式的口语中,通常用来谈论负面或不想要的事件,例如:
① My wallet got stolen last night. (我钱包被偷了)
② John finally got fired. (John 最终被炒鱿鱼了)
下面重点讲讲 be+done 和 get+done 的几个区别:
第一:be+done表状态;get +done强调动作。例如:
① The window was broken. (窗户被打破的状态)

② The window got broken. (窗户被打破的瞬间动作)
第二:be+done的 be 动词为助动词,可直接在其后加上 not 变成否定句,或将其挪到句首变成疑问句;而 get+done 的 get 为普通动词,若要变成否定或疑问句,需借助助动词。看例子:
1) be+done 的情况

① Those streetlamps were damaged in the typhoon. (那些路灯在台风中受损)
②Those streetlamps were not damaged in the typhoon. (那些路灯在台风中没有受损)
③Were those streetlamps damaged in the typhoon? (那些路灯在台风中有受损吗?)
2) get+done 的情况
① Those streetlamps got damaged in the typhoon.
② Those streetlamps didn’t get damaged in the typhoon. 
③ Did those streetlamps get damaged in the typhoon? 
第三:现在完成进行式、过去完成进行式、未来完成进行式和未来进行式很少用 be+done ,但可使用 get+done 。例如:
1)
① Recently, the work has been being done by Jack. (最近这项工作一直被杰克所做) (不佳,应尽量避免)

② Recently, the work has been getting done by Jack.(很好)
2)
① At 8:00 PM tonight, the dishes will be being washed by Jason. (今晚八点碗盘将正在被杰森洗涤) (不佳,应尽量避免)
② At 8:00 PM tonight, the dishes will be getting washed by Jason.(很好)
第四:不少 get+done 的形式并非被动语态,反而是主动态,后面的过去分词用作形容词,当主词补语(表语)。例如:
① We got married last year. (我们去年结的婚)

② Things tend to get lost when you move. (搬家时东西常常会不知去向)
③ Cindy got dressed quickly. (Cindy 很快就穿好衣服了)
学会了吗?


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