精讲GRE阅读题型——主旨题，这些门道你都搞懂了吗？

上个月给大家讲了具体的阅读方法论，希望大家都能够学以致用，回顾：

其实要想提高GRE阅读的正确率，除了掌握方法论以外，还要“对症下药”，不同的题型对应不同的逻辑和解决办法。

GRE阅读按题型分类有以下几种👇

各种题型的解题与定位
主旨题	定位到主题句，正确答案一般与主题句为抽象与具体的替换
		细节内容题改写题	定位到所提问的细节，正确答案一般是与定位句同义替换
		细节目的题	定位到细节对应的主题，正确答案一般 support/undermine 其主题
		不定项选择题	根据选项里的关键词回原文定位，正确选项一般与原文同义替换
排除题	根据选项里的关键词回原文定位，正确选项一般与原文同义替换
选择句子题	根据题目的提问，回原文选择句子即可
句子关系题	思考所提问的两个句子的句间关系
类比题	思考所提问的两个句子的句间关系
缺陷改进题	根据题目提问的内容回原文定位，正确答案与定位句逻辑一致
词汇题	根据题目提问的内容回原文缺陷处，正确答案与定位句反义替换
逻辑单项题	逻辑单项题答案无法从原文同义替换，需要作出推理，找出论证关系

通过分题型练习GRE阅读，针对性的逐一突破！今天就给大家先讲讲主旨题~

主旨题

首先附上上校老师的讲解视频👇

📝题目特征：

题目中往往出现如下这样的术语或短语，

例如：primary purpose ；primarily concerned with等。

📝题目实例：

1,The primary purpose of the passage is to...

2,The author of the passage is primarily concerned with...

📝解题策略：

主旨题的解题方法可以分为3个步骤：

1，在阅读文章的第一遍的时候，找出文章的主题句（Topic Sentence）。

2，找出主题句里的逻辑关系，到底是因果、对比、并列还是其他。

3，正确答案一般是对原文的主题句进行同义替换，而且往往是抽象替换原文的具体内容。

# 例题 #

Since the Hawaiian Islands have never been connected to other land masses, the great variety of plants in Hawaii must be a result of the long-distance dispersal of seeds, a process that requires both a method of transport and an equivalence between the ecology of the source area and that of the recipient area.

There is some dispute about the method of transport involved. Some biologists argue that ocean and air currents are responsible for the transport of plant seeds to Hawaii. Yet the results of flotation experiments and the low temperatures of air currents cast doubt on these hypotheses. More probable is bird transport, either externally, by accidental attachment of the seeds to feathers, or internally, by the swallowing of fruit and subsequent excretion of the seeds. While it is likely that fewer varieties of plant seeds have reached Hawaii externally than internally, more varieties are known to be adapted to external than to internal transport.

(From The Official Guide to the GRE revised General Test 2th Edition p.59)

The author of the passage is primarily concerned with

A.discussing different approaches biologists have taken to testing theories about the distribution of plants in Hawaii

B.discussing different theories about the transport of plant seeds to Hawaii

C.discussing the extent to which air currents are responsible for the dispersal of plant seeds to Hawaii

D.resolving a dispute about the adaptability of plant seeds to bird transport

E.resolving a dispute about the ability of birds to carry plant seeds long Distances

# 文章分析 #

1.结构与逻辑：

①Since the Hawaiian Islands have never been connected to other land masses, the great variety of plants in Hawaii must be a result of the long-distance dispersal of seeds, a process that requires both a method of transport and an equivalence between the ecology of the source area andthat of the recipient area.

②There is some dispute about the method of transport involved.③Some biologists argue that ocean and air currents are responsible for the transport of plant seeds to Hawaii.④Yetthe results of flotation experiments and the low temperatures of air currents cast doubt on these hypotheses.⑤More probable is bird transport, eitherexternally, by accidental attachment of the seeds to feathers, orinternally, by the swallowing of fruit and subsequent excretion of the seeds.⑥While it is likely that fewer varieties of plant seeds have reached Hawaii externally than internally, more varieties are known to be adapted to external than to internal transport.

2.文章分析：

第①句为文章的背景，为细节。主要阐述了夏威夷的植物的多样性应该是种子远距离传播的结果。引出下文的主题句：关于种子传播到夏威夷的方式有不同的观点。后面的a process...area作为同位语从句，属于细节，可略读。

第②句为主题句。从some dispute可以推断出文章后面会出现不同的观点。

第③句为第一个观点，这也可以从argue一词看出来。出现因果关系，观点认为种子传播到夏威夷是通过气流和洋流。

第④句中yet一词表明了这句和前一句是转折关系。而且句中提到了实验，表明这句是一个细节，在反驳第一个观点，也就是说它是不成立的。

第⑤句中more一词表明出现了比较关系，而且是第⑤句与第③句之间的比较，也就是两个观点之间的比较。文章认为，更可能的传播方式是通过鸟来传播。

第⑥句没有转折词，表明它与第⑤句是顺承关系，而且它其实是第⑤句的细节，可略读。

下面开始做题~

题目		题目分析
The author of the passage is primarily concerned with A.discussing different approaches biologists have taken to testing theories about the distribution of plants in Hawaii B.discussing different theories about the transport of plant seeds to Hawaii C.discussing the extent to which air currents are responsible for the dispersal of plant seeds to Hawaii D.resolving a dispute about the adaptability of plant seeds to bird transport E.resolving a dispute about the ability of birds to carry plant seeds long Distances		题型判断：题目为主旨题。快速定位：定位到原文主题句：There is some dispute ... Involved. 预判答案：主旨题回到原文看主题句，正确答案中应该出现some dispute的同义等价词。选项分析：该题选B。选项里的different theories about the transport of plant seeds to Hawaii与原文There is some dispute about the method of transport involved是对应替换的关系。 A选项重点在讲“approaches”是错的，因为原文重点是不同的观点、理论。 C选项很明显是错的，因为选项在阐述的不是主题，而是细节。 D选项也是错的，文章的重点不在于解决争议，而只是在讨论有不同的观点。 E选项也是在说解决某个争议，所以也是错的。