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导读
思维导图
Cece，消防人+经济学人粉丝
1.Bloomberg去年也翻译过一篇东京奥运会文章，大家有兴趣可以看看：
彭博商业周刊 | 空场举行奥运会，东京或许将不得已而为之
2.关于点击显示（可以看下第二条推送）
3.首期外刊精读课开班
市面上外刊精读课千千万，那么我们的精读课有什么不同呢？具体点击超链了解：千呼万唤始出来| 首期外刊精读课开班，相信我们，参加了一定不后悔，因为我们从来不曾让你失望。
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听力|精读|翻译|词组
The Tokyo Olympics
东京奥运会
英文部分选自经济学人20210522期亚洲板块
The Tokyo Olympics
东京奥运会
Faster, stronger, superspreader?
更快，更强，更毒？
With vaccination going slowly, opposition to the games is intensifying
疫苗接种工作推进缓慢，反对奥运会的呼声日渐高涨
As the olympic torch passed through Hiroshima this week, organisers kept the relay away from the streets. A torch-lighting ceremony took place without spectators. Thomas Bach, the president of the International Olympic Committee (ioc), cancelled a planned visit. Hiroshima, along with Tokyo, the host city, and seven other prefectures, is under a state of emergency amid a fourth wave of covid-19.
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本周奥运火炬在广岛传递时，组织者让接力过程远离街道。火炬点火仪式也没有观众。国际奥委会主席托马斯•巴赫（Thomas Bach）亦取消了原定的访问。广岛——连同主办城市东京和其他七个县——在第四波新冠疫情冲击下正处于紧急事态中。
注：
prefecture: 县，日本一级行政区的一种，相当于中国的省级行政区。日本全国有47个一级行政区：分为1都（东京都：Tokyo）、1道（北海道：Hokkaido）、2府（大阪府：Osaka、京都府：Kyoto）和43县（県）。
The event underlined the contortions required to host a global sporting extravaganza during a pandemic. Japan has so far avoided explosive outbreaks of the virus, with fewer than 12,000 deaths since the start of the pandemic, thanks in part to stringent border controls in place since last spring. But more than two-thirds of those fatalities have come this year. The latest wave, fuelled by more infectious variants of the virus, has strained regional health systems, while vaccinations have been slow to flow. The Olympics are scheduled to kick off in two months. About 15,000 athletes and perhaps 90,000 hangers-on from some 200 countries are set to enter Japan. Many Japanese worry that they will be the losers: 60% would rather not hold the games at all.
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这也突显了在全球性疫情期间举办一场全球性体育盛会所面临的困难。到目前为止，日本已避过了井喷式的疫情暴发，疫情开始以来死亡人数不到1.2万人，这在一定程度上要归功于去年春天以来日本实施的严格边境控制。但是超过三分之二的死亡病例发生在今年。最近一波疫情由传染性更强的变异病毒诱发，使区域卫生系统不堪重负，而疫苗接种工作还进展缓慢。东京奥运会计划于两个月后开幕。来自两百余个国家的约1.5万名运动员和约9万名随行人员将进入日本。许多日本人担心他们会成为奥运会的输家：60%的日本人压根不想举办这次奥运会。
Organisers insist the Tokyo Olympics can be held safely. They point to recent virus-free sporting events, such as the Masters, an American golf tournament. They aim to create bubbles around the Olympic village and competition sites, to isolate participants from locals. Though vaccination will not be mandatory for athletes, Mr Bach claims that 80% of those in the Olympic village will be vaccinated by the start of the games. Foreign spectators will not be allowed to attend. A decision on local spectators is expected in June.
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组织者坚持认为东京奥运会能够安全举行。他们提起了近期举办的一些“零病毒”体育赛事，比如美国的高尔夫大师赛。他们力求将奥运村和比赛场地置于气泡般的封闭环境里，以此将参赛者与当地人隔开。尽管不会强制运动员接种疫苗，但巴赫声称到奥运会开始时，奥运村80%的人员将接种过疫苗。赛事将不允许外国观众现场观看，而日本观众能否能在现场观看还要等到6月才能敲定。
Many doctors and public-health experts remain unconvinced. Resources that could be used for testing, treating or vaccinating the local population may be diverted to the games. Increased movement of people within Japan, such as during public holidays in early May, has tended to beget rises in cases. With events planned in nine prefectures including Tokyo, training camps across the country, and volunteers coming from all over, more movement is inevitable—and with it, more cases, argues Taniguchi Kiyosu, the head of a big hospital in Mie prefecture and a co-author of an editorial in the British Medical Journal calling for the games to be cancelled. Dozens of towns have scrapped their plans to be bases for foreign teams to train.
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许多医生和公共卫生专家仍持怀疑态度。原本可用于当地居民检验、治疗或接种的资源可能会分流到奥运会上。日本境内人口流动增加，比如五月初节假日的人口流动，往往会导致病例增加。赛事计划在包括东京在内的九个县级行政区举办，训练营遍布全日本，志愿者从各地涌来，人口流动增加不可避免。谷口清州（Taniguchi Kiyosu）表示病例会因此增多。谷口清州是三重县一家大型医院的院长，他与他人共同发表在《英国医学期刊》（British Medicine Journal）上的一篇社论呼吁取消东京奥运会。因此，数十个城镇已经取消了作为外国参赛队训练基地的计划。
注：
town: 町，日本二级行政区的一种。日本的一级行政区下设市（City）、町（Town）、村（Village）、特别区（Special Ward）。“特别区”目前只设于东京都的中心部分。下下段提到了东京各特别区，英语文字未在ward前加special。但鉴于汉日两语的熟悉度，下文我们还是译成“特别区”。
New viral variants complicate things even more. The more infectious b.1.1.7 strain already circulates widely. The convergence of people from across the world could allow yet more to enter and mutations to form. “Japan will become a mixing vessel,” says Mr Taniguchi. Participants could bring the virus back to their home countries, many of which have less robust health systems, says Oshitani Hitoshi, a virologist who sits on an expert panel advising the government. “Just one imported case can trigger a large outbreak,” he says.
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新型变异株病毒让状况更加复杂。传染性更强的b.1.1.7变种新冠病毒已经广泛传播。世界各地人民齐聚日本，会带来更多病毒，形成更多变异病毒。谷口说道，“日本将成为病毒的混合容器。” 日本政府新冠疫情专家小组成员、病毒学家押谷仁（Oshitani Hitoshi）警告称，参赛者可能将病毒带回国内，然而许多国家的医疗系统并不发达，“仅一个境外输入病例就能引发一场大规模爆发。”
Japanese people might feel safer if they had as much protection from the virus as Olympic athletes. According to The Economist’s covid-19 tracker, just 4.5% of Japan’s adult population has received at least one dose of the vaccine, a shade behind Myanmar. Suga Yoshihide, Japan’s prime minister, wants to finish vaccinating the elderly by the end of July. But only two-thirds of Tokyo’s wards reckon they will be able to. Supply is not the problem. Nikkei, a business daily, recently estimated that at least 10m doses remain unused in freezers.
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日本民众如果能得到与奥运会运动员相同的保护，他们可能会感到更加安全。《经济学人》新冠病毒追踪数据显示，日本成人中仅有4.5%接种了至少一剂疫苗，略低于缅甸。日本首相菅义伟（Suga Yoshihide）希望在七月底前完成老年人接种。但东京都仅有三分之二特别区表示可以完成该计划。疫苗供应不是问题。商业日报《日本经济新闻》近日估算，至少有1000万支疫苗存放于冷库待用。
注：
Special wards (特别区, tokubetsu-ku) are a special form of municipalities in Japanunder the 1947 Local Autonomy Law. They are city-level wards: primary subdivisions of a prefecture with municipal autonomy largely comparable to other forms of municipalities.
Nor, at this stage, is the problem demand. Although Japanese tend to express a high degree of hesitancy about vaccines in general, that reluctance does not appear to extend to the covid-19 vaccine, says Shimoaraiso Makoto of Japan’s covid-19 task force. When reservations for a mass-vaccination centre in Osaka opened this week, the 25,000 slots on offer were booked up in around 25 minutes.
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在这个阶段，问题也不是需求。日本新冠病毒工作组的岛井真本 （Shimoaraiso Makoto）表示，尽管日本人民对接种各类疫苗往往表现出比较强烈的犹豫态度，但这种抵触情绪并未延及新冠疫苗。大阪一家大型接种中心本周开放预订后，供应的250000支疫苗在约25分钟内预定一空。
Instead, logistical tangles and bureaucratic risk-aversion have slowed the roll-out. Booking websites and call centres have suffered technical glitches. The health ministry stuck to rules requiring local clinical trials for foreign vaccines. Only the Pfizer-BioNTech shot has been approved for use so far. Japan also lacks staff to administer vaccines, in part because Japanese law allows only registered doctors or nurses to do so. An exception has been made for dentists; officials are now wringing their hands over whether to let pharmacists give jabs too. A mistake by an inexperienced practitioner could have fatal knock-on effects, given Japan’s history of vaccine hesitancy, argues Mr Oshitani: “We are very, very sensitive to any adverse event in Japan. One single such event may halt the whole vaccination process.”
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实际上，物流系统的紊乱和倾向于规避风险的官僚主义作风，减缓了疫苗接种速度。预约网站和呼叫中心也遇到了技术故障。厚生劳动省坚持执行必须对进口疫苗进行临床试验的规定。到目前为止，只有辉瑞生物科技公司的疫苗被批准使用。能够实施疫苗注射的人员也很短缺，一部分是因为是日本法律规定，只有注册医生或护士才有资质注射疫苗。目前已经破例允许牙医实施注射了；政府官员们现如今还在因为是否允许药剂师注射疫苗而苦恼不已。考虑到日本历来对疫苗的犹豫态度，要是缺乏经验的从业人员出现一次失误，便可能会引发致命的连锁反应，押谷仁说：“在日本，我们对任何负面事件都非常非常敏感。仅一次这样的事件就可以导致整个疫苗推广过程戛然而止。”
注：
health ministry：日本卫生部门的全称是“厚生劳动省（Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare）”。文中这里只关注该机构的卫生职能，所以如果模糊地译成“卫生部门”似乎也可。不过鉴于下段又出现了另一个部门defence ministry，“防卫省”的译法在中国媒体上还是很常见的，加之汉日两语的熟悉度，我们在这处仍译出官方称呼“厚生劳动省”。
Nonetheless, the pace of vaccination is accelerating and likely to quicken more in the coming weeks. Japanese officials were expected to approve the Moderna and AstraZeneca vaccines as The Economist went to press. The defence ministry plans more mass-vaccination centres. That will please citizens unhappy with the government’s dawdling. More than 80% of Japanese believe the vaccine roll-out is moving too slowly. Approval of Mr Suga’s cabinet has in turn slid to record lows.
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尽管如此，疫苗接种正在加速，并且有可能在接下来的几周里进一步提速。预计到本期经济学人付印时，日本官方将会批准Moderna和阿斯利康的疫苗。防卫省计划设立更多的大规模疫苗注射点。此举可以讨好那些对政府的拖沓感到不满的民众。超过80%的日本人认为疫苗的推广进展太过缓慢。菅义伟内阁的支持率也随之下降到历史新低。
Cancelling the Olympics might help allay many voters’ suspicions that he is giving priority to the games over their health. But it is not as simple as it seems. Olympic host-city contracts give the ioc the exclusive right to call off the games. It remains eager to move forward. If the Japanese government were to cancel unilaterally, the ioc would have the right to seek damages in court, says Matsumoto Taisuke, a sports-law expert at Waseda University in Tokyo. Japanese officials also dread the impression they would create if Japan bailed out, while China, its regional rival, pulls off the Winter Olympics in Beijing early next year. Instead, Mr Suga has taken to repeating a single phrase like a mantra: Japan, he says, will put on a “safe and secure games”. Much, from the fate of his premiership to the course of the pandemic around the world, rides on that promise.
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很多选民认为，菅义伟把举办奥运会看得比民众的健康还重要，如果取消奥运会可能会消除这种疑虑。但是事情并不像看起来这么简单。奥林匹克主办城市合约规定，只有国际奥委会才有权力取消奥运会，而国际奥委会仍渴望继续推进。东京早稻田大学的体育法律专家松本泰輔（Matsumoto Taisuke）表示，如果日本政府单方面取消奥运会，国际奥委会有权在法庭上索赔。而日本官员也担心，如果日本放弃举办奥运会，与此同时日本的地区竞争对手中国明年年初顺利举办冬奥会，由此会给世界留下不好的印象。实际上，菅义伟已经像在念魔咒一样重复地说，日本会举办一届“安心、安全的奥运会”。从他的首相生涯，到全球的疫情走向，很多事情都取决于这一承诺。
翻译组：
奥莉，撸猫狂魔，强迫症患者
Mosy，绘本、演讲、戏剧英文教育践行者
Diamond，男，搬砖工，理工科永久性脑损伤，学习翻译的小学生
校核组：
Qianna，语言粉、逻辑控、摇滚迷
Lee，爱骑行的妇女之友+Timberland粉
Claire 进进退退，摇摇摆摆，探索世界ing
感谢其他平台编辑作者：
B站地址：
https://space.bilibili.com/522030734
编辑：Daisy，勤勤恳恳工具人，B站客服的好朋友
豆瓣地址：
https://www.douban.com/people/45402469/
编辑：鳕鱼，支教ing，爱吃爱睡爱搬砖
知乎地址：
zhihu.com/people/damon0922 
编辑：野兽，不想三分钟热度
微博地址：
https://weibo.com/u/2375202237
编辑：Erin，在校大学生一枚，TE爱好者
头条号地址：
http://navo.top/M7Z3ey
编辑：jill，会展经济，想跨界英专的英语学渣
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观点|评论|思考
本周感想
Ronnie，动物保护主义者
距离2020年东京奥运会开幕仅剩不到两个月的时间，然而距离日本第三次宣布因为疫情进入紧急状态仅仅过去了半个月。世界各地的比赛队伍来到日本不仅仅意味着东京将再次成为世界瞩目的城市，更加意味着日本岛国极有可能成为新冠变异病毒的调色桶。一旦疫情爆发，岛国日本能否在巨大的医疗负担和财政负担下维持局面，这成为了民众最为担心的问题。最近的民意调查显示，83%民众希望奥运会再次延期举行或者取消。然而菅义伟政府仍然冒天下之不韪坚持举办奥运会，并承诺将奥运会安全举办。天下熙熙嚷嚷，皆为利来利往。
奥运会不仅仅是世界上最大的体育盛事，更是资本的猎物，赞助商就像赌场里的赌徒，红着眼盯着场上的局势。东京奥运会是有史以来赞助金额最高的体育赛事。支持2020年东京奥运会的全球TOP合作伙伴包括可口可乐，阿里巴巴，阿托斯，普利司通，陶氏，通用电气，英特尔，欧米茄，松下，宝洁，三星，丰田和维萨。东京2020赞助计划还包括六个全球奥运合作伙伴：阿托斯，普利司通，欧米茄，松下，宝洁和丰田作为东京2020残奥会金牌合作伙伴。共计赞助商共66家，赞助总额超过33亿美元。赛事可以延期，但是资金的时间成本和机会成本如何偿付。2020年延期以前，东京奥运会预算已经高达1.35万亿日元，延期后将近1.7万亿日元。一旦奥运会取消或者中止，日本将面临巨额违约赔偿。
东京奥运会如果再次延期，将与2022年4月的北京冬奥会距离时间趋近，到时候世界热点将被同在亚洲的中国分流，这对日本来说无疑是非常不利的。因此，日本为了两个月后的东京奥运会调动了大量国际资源。毕竟东京奥运会对日本的综合国力、国际声誉和民族自信心来讲都将是巨大的机会。而美国对此的态度是，既不反对东京奥运会的举办，也不反对北京冬奥会的举办。大有坐山观虎的态度。
日本还有机会吗？近些年来“大地震”和“核泄漏”深深地影响了日本的社会和经济。国运不济的日本手里只有奥运这一张王牌，并且也不知道下次摸到好牌的机会在何时。更何况日本国会众议院即将在下半年迎来选举，饮鸩止渴，毒则毒也，渴可稍止。东京奥运会已经被视为国运复兴的转折，箭在弦上，不得不发。东京奥运会成了财阀和老天爷玩的剪刀石头布，赢了收钱，输了就让那些没有接种过疫苗的平民老百姓受惩罚。这一招移花接木很是精妙。
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