双语｜如果特朗普卸任后，他将面临哪些法律风险？

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即将失去特权

Of all the perks of being president, Donald Trump may soon miss most the legal protection that it affords.

perkn. 特殊待遇

英 [pɜːk] 美 [pɜːrk]

释义：something you receive as well as your wages for doing a particular job

例句：

Perks offered by the firm include a car and free health insurance.

公司提供的特殊待遇还包括一辆车和免费的医疗保险。

作为总统，拥有许多特权，但特朗普可能很快就会失去所有特权之下的大部分法律保护。

For four years, Trump has benefited from the de facto immunity from prosecution that all presidents enjoy while in office. But that cloak will pass to Joe Biden when he's sworn in on Jan. 20, leaving Trump out in the legal cold.

de facto adj. 实际上的

英 [ˌdeɪ ˈfæktəʊ] 美 [deɪ ˈfæktəʊ]

释义：to indicate that something is a particular thing, even though it was not planned or intended to be that thing

例句：

The general took de facto control of the country.

这位将军实际上控制了整个国家。

四年来，特朗普一直受益于所有总统在任时皆可享有的事实上的免于起诉豁免权。但明年1月20日拜登宣誓就职后，这件金钟罩将转交给他，而特朗普则会陷入法律问题。

There's no indication that an indictment is imminent, and it's possible that Trump could emerge entirely unscathed. But there's also no doubt that once he's out of office, he'll be facing a higher level of legal jeopardy than he has in years.

没有迹象表明特朗普即将遭到起诉，他有可能完全不受影响。但毫无疑问的是，一旦下台后，他将面临比过去几年更高的法律风险。

潜在的联邦责任

The most developed case that could ensnare Trump might be out of the Southern District of New York. It stems from the federal prosecution against Michael Cohen, Trump's onetime personal attorney and fixer.

ensnare v. 使落入陷阱；使中圈套

英 [ɪnˈsneər] 美 [ɪnˈsner]

释义：to make somebody/something unable to escape from a difficult situation or from a person who wants to control them

例句：

They were ensnared in a legal nightmare.

他们陷入了一个恼人的法律是非。

最有可能让特朗普陷入困境的案件可能发生在纽约南区，源自联邦对特朗普曾经的私人律师和筹划者迈克尔·科恩的起诉。

Cohen pleaded guilty to a range of crimes, including arranging illegal hush money payments to keep women silent during the 2016 campaign about extramarital affairs they say they had with Trump before he was president. Trump has denied theallegations.

allegation n. 指控

英 [ˌæləˈɡeɪʃn] 美 [ˌæləˈɡeɪʃn]

释义：a public statement that is made without giving proof, accusing somebody of doing something that is wrong or illegal

例句：

Several newspapers made allegations of corruption in the city's police department.

几家报纸指控该市警察部门腐败。

科恩承认了一系列罪行，包括在2016年竞选期间安排支付非法封口费，让女性对特朗普担任总统前的婚外情保持沉默。特朗普否认了这些指控。

It is Justice Department policy that a sitting president cannot be indicted. So although it's possible for a president to break the law before or during his time in office, prosecutors' inability to seek an indictment effectively means he can't be accused, tried or punished while still in office.

按照司法部的政策，不能起诉现任总统。因此，尽管总统有可能在任职前或任职期间违法，检察官都无法提起有效诉讼，这意味着特朗普在任职期间无法受到指控、审判或惩罚。

Cohen's wrongdoing, which prosecutors tied to Trump without naming him, raises the question as to whether Trump might face charges of his own.

检察官将科恩的不法行为与特朗普联系在一起，但没有指名道姓，这引发了一个问题，即特朗普是否可能面临自己的指控。

其他刑事和民事责任

Manhattan District Attorney Cyrus Vance Jr. has an active criminal investigation into Trump and his businesses. The exact contours of the probe are not clear, but court papers suggest he's investigating possible insurance or financial fraud.

曼哈顿地区检察官小塞勒斯·万斯正在对特朗普和他的企业进行积极的刑事调查。调查的具体情况尚不清楚，但法庭文件显示，他正在调查潜在的保险或金融欺诈。

"That looks like it's the most likely place where he could have some criminal liability around taxes, for example," Wehle said.

liability n. 责任

英 [ˌlaɪəˈbɪləti] 美 [ˌlaɪəˈbɪləti]

释义：the state of being legally responsible for something

例句：

The company cannot accept liability for any damage caused by natural disasters.

该公司对自然灾害造成的任何损失概不承担责任。

"这看起来是最有可能让他承担刑事责任的地方，比如税收，"前联邦检察官、现任教于巴尔的摩大学法学院的韦勒说。

The Vance case is not the only legal trouble brewing in New York.

万斯案并不是纽约正在酝酿的唯一法律问题。

The state attorney general, Letitia James, is conducting a civil investigation into the Trump businesses. James is looking into whether the Trump Organization improperly inflated the value of its assets for loan or insurance purposes, and then deflated the value for tax purposes.

inflate v. 抬高，涨高

英 [ɪnˈfleɪt] 美 [ɪnˈfleɪt]

释义：to increase the price of something; to increase in price

例句：

The promotion of a big release can inflate a film's final cost.

一部大片的发行宣传会抬高影片的最终成本。

州检察长利蒂夏·詹姆斯正在对特朗普的企业进行民事调查。詹姆斯正在调查特朗普集团是否出于贷款或保险目的而不恰当地夸大其资产价值，然后又出于税收目的而降低资产价值。

While James' investigation is a civil one, it could cross over to the criminal side depending on what investigators uncover.

虽然詹姆斯的调查是民事方面的，但基于调查人员的发现，可能会延伸到刑事方面。

And Trump's legal jeopardy does not end there.

特朗普面临的法律风险还不止于此。

He also faces defamation lawsuits filed by two women who say he sexually assaulted them — allegations he denies. While Trump doesn't face criminal liability in those suits, he does face potential damage to his reputation and financial repercussions.

defamation n. 诽谤；中伤

英 [ˌdefəˈmeɪʃn] 美 [ˌdefəˈmeɪʃn]

释义：the act of damaging somebody’s reputation by saying or writing bad or false things about them

例句：

The company sued for defamation.

这个公司因受到诽谤而提起诉讼。

他还面临着两名女性提起的诽谤诉讼，她们称特朗普对其实施了性侵犯，但他否认了这些指控。虽然特朗普在这些诉讼中不会面临刑事责任，但他的声誉确实受到潜在损害，也带来了经济影响。

In all, it adds up to a legally perilous — and potentially expensive — post-presidency.

总之，这意味着总统任期结束后将面临法律上的风险，而且可能会为此付出高昂的代价。

"It's a potential avalanche," Wehle said. "But this is, again, a man that is very used to using the legal system to his advantage."

“这是一场潜在的雪崩，”韦勒说。“但是，再次强调，他是一个非常习惯于利用法律体系为自己谋利的人。”