川普签署扩大版移民禁令，意欲何为？

分享：Sandy Hom 谭律师

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节目介绍：

本期7分钟谈海外节目，邀请前联邦移民法庭法官Sandy Hom谭律师谈：如何看待川普于周一（美国时间：6月22日）签署的扩大版移民禁令？

相关分享：

川普签署扩大版移民禁令！H-1B／L-1／J-1签证还有退路吗？

移民成替罪羊，川普移民限令是政治作秀 | 律师评

点击录音收听律师解读（英文），下方文字为英文语音原稿及中文翻译，供各位参考：

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President Donald Trump is trying to boost his flagging re-election efforts in trying to make good on his 2016 campaign promises to restrict immigration to the United States.

On Monday President Trump signed further restrictive immigration policies by adding further limitations to his existing April 22 order to restrict new visas under the H-1B visas for highly skilled workers, H-2B guest-worker visas, J trainee visas and L intracompany transferee visas, along with those for their spouses, in order to allegedly free up 525,000 jobs for Americans.

The President claims that he is focusing on getting Americans back to work as part of Trump's "America First recovery."

Published on Monday evening, the visa suspension takes effect at 12:01 a.m. on June 24 and will only affect those outside the U.S. who do not already have valid visas. The existing restrictions on new green cards through the end of the year is also being extended.

The President wants debilitating alterations to the H-1B visa system by eliminating the annual lottery and replace it by awarding the 85,000 visa slots to those candidates offered the highest salaries. The U.S. Department of Labor is ordered to scrutinize the prevailing wage to ensure that H-1B visa holders be paid industry standard wages, to promote getting the best and the brightest.

It is unclear how the new limits on the H-1B visa will impact companies that won coveted visa slots in the March 2020 lottery to bring in workers this fall, especially if those workers have not yet arrived in the U.S.

Many immigration practitioners do not believe the restrictions will solve U.S. unemployment, noting that many employers and that these restrictions are short-sighted as it will hinder COVID-19's economic recovery and may move several industries abroad to remain competitive.

The limitations to the L-1 visa in particular, which allows international companies to send foreign executives to U.S. locations, or on the H-1B visa for workers in specialty occupations, will deter future investment in the U.S. that will slow down any recovery and reduce job creation.

翻译：

唐纳德·特朗普总统（Donald Trump）为了连任正在积极努力地参加总统竞选，以兑现他在2016年竞选中提到的限制美国移民的承诺。

本周一，特朗普总统签署了进一步限制移民的行政命令，对现有的4月22日限制移民政令增加了更多限制，以限制针对特殊专业人员的H-1B签证、H-2B非农业外国工人临时工作签证、J培训生签证和L跨国企业高管签证，以及与之一同前往美国的配偶签证。据称此举将为美国公民让出525,000个工作岗位。

特朗普总统声称，他正在致力于使美国人重返工作岗位，这是特朗普“美国优先复苏”计划的一部分。

签证暂停政令在周一晚上发布，于美东时间6月24日凌晨12:01生效，仅影响那些尚未持有有效美国签证的境外人员。对新移民的现有限制也延期到今年年底。

特朗普总统希望通过取消一年一度的工作签证抽签环节来改变H-1B签证系统，并且进一步采用直接向薪水最高的工作签证申请者发放85,000个签证来代替原有的工作签证抽签模式。美国劳工部将仔细审查现行工资，以确保向H -1B签证持有人支付业内标准工资，用以促进美国获得最优秀和最聪明的人才。

目前尚不清楚对H-1B签证的新限制将如何影响那些在2020年3月的抽签中赢得梦寐以求签证名额的公司，特别是那些尚未来到美国但今年秋天将入职这些公司的员工。

大部分移民律师并不认为这些限制移民政策会解决美国的失业问题，并指出这些限制是短视的，因为这会阻碍新冠病毒下的经济复苏，并可能促使若干产业转移到国外以保持竞争力。

值得注意的是，针对允许跨国公司将外国高管派遣到美国的L-1签证的限制，或针对特殊专业人员的H-1B签证的限制，将进一步阻止来美投资，减缓经济复苏和减少工作机会。

Sandy Hom律师，前联邦移民法庭法官，也是美东第一位华裔移民法官。

【往期精选】

《川普签署扩大版移民禁令！H-1B／L-1／J-1签证还有退路吗？》