两则好消息!与留学生密切相关!
1、哥大、达特茅斯宣布取消2021级SAT/ACT要求。这也是既康奈尔大学之后因疫情取消标化要求的第三所藤校。
2、特朗普想要暂停OPT?21名共和党众议员联名写信反对
▷藤校哥伦比亚大学、达特茅斯学院先后宣布取消SAT
近期,CB官方就秋季考试情况与大学申请问题,发出了今年有关SAT的最重磅的消息:承认将有很多2021级高中毕业生考不了SAT,建议各大学在处理申请时弹性处理,允许学生晚交或不交SAT。
消息一出,哥伦比亚大学和达特茅斯学院两所藤校,先后发布了最新的招生政策:
由于新型冠状病毒大流行导致的标化考试中断,哥伦比亚大学将对申请哥伦比亚学院或哥伦比亚工程学院的2021级学生实行选择性提交标准化考试政策(text-optional)。
紧接着,达特茅斯学院也宣布了今年的“选择性提交标化成绩“政策,今年不强制要求提交SAT/ACT成绩。
疫情之下,SAT/ACT等考试不断受到影响。如今,连哥伦比亚大学(排名第3)和达特茅斯学院(排名第12)都已经官宣取消SAT/ACT要求,其他学校是否会跟上呢?
▷共和党议员联名写信反对特朗普暂停OPT计划
前段时间,特朗普政府的“暂停OPT事件”引发热议,也让中国留学生心寒。
综合外媒报导,特朗普政府希望透过限缩OPT计划来保障美国本地的毕业生,并协助他们在疫情带来的不景气中找到初阶工作,据知情人士透露,新的OPT规定会在近几周内宣布。
此事件如今有了新的转机,根据福布斯6月3日的报道:众议院21名共和党议员联名写信,支持向国际学生签发OPT。
以下是Frank老师对此篇文章的翻译以及部分解读:
In a surprise twist to the political drama over potential new immigration restrictions, 21 House Republicans sent a letter to Secretary of State Mike Pompeo and Acting Homeland Security Secretary Chad Wolf urging support for Optional Practical Training (OPT) for international students. Sources have confirmed some Trump officials hope to use the recent economic downturn due to Covid-19 to impose new restrictions on H-1B visa holders, international students and others. Deliberations on specifics continue inside the administration, which has prompted members of Congress and others to weigh in.
21名共和党众议员意外地致信国务卿迈克·蓬佩奥(Mike Pompeo)和国土安全部代理部长查德·沃尔夫(Chad Wolf),敦促支持为国际学生提供选择性实践培训(Optional Practical Training, OPT)。消息人士证实,一些特朗普政府的官员希望利用最近Covid-19导致的经济低迷,对H-1B签证持有者、国际学生和其他人士实施新的限制。政府内部仍在对具体细节进行审议,这促使国会议员和其他政界人士参与进来。
“We write to request your help in ensuring our nation’s ability to attract, educate, and engage with the best and brightest students and scholars from across the world,” begins the June 2, 2020, letter from House Republicans. “In furtherance of the goal, we ask your agencies adopt appropriately streamlined processes to ensure international students can enroll in the fall and preserve the Optional Practical Training (OPT) program, which allows our country to globally compete for market share of international students.”
众议院共和党人在2020年6月2日的信中写道:“我们写信请求贵处的帮助,以确保我们的国家有能力吸引、教育和接触世界各地最优秀、最聪明的学生和学者。”“为了实现这一目标,我们要求贵处采取适当的简化程序,确保国际学生能够在秋季入学,并保留选择性实践培训(OPT)项目,该项目使我们的国家能够在全球竞争国际学生的市场份额。”
The letter urged the State Department and Department of Homeland Security to ensure international students can make it to U.S. campuses in the fall. “To that end, we urge your respective departments to communicate and share plans to address the expected increase in demand for visa services, including how U.S. consulates will be able to prioritize and process applications that include F-1 and J-1 visas,” requested the House members. “We believe several options are available to your agencies including the ability to waive certain interview requirements, prioritize the rescheduling of appointments that were canceled during Covid-19, and create a timely application and renewal process for professors, researchers, scientists, and those that are needed on U.S. campuses when instruction is expected to resume.”
这封信敦促国务院和国土安全部确保国际学生能够在秋季进入美国校园。众议院议员要求:“为此,我们敦促你们(政府行政机构)的各个部门交流和分享计划,以应对预期将会增加的签证需求,包括美国领事馆如何优先对待和办理包括F-1和J-1签证在内的申请。”“我们相信有几个选项可用于贵处,包括放弃某些面试需求,优先考虑Covid-19期间被取消预约的重新安排,并及时为教授,研究人员,科学家,和那些按既定要求需要回到美国校园的人们创建一个申请和更新(签证)程序。”
The core of the letter is a strong defense of Optional Practical Training: “We urge the administration to publicly clarify that OPT will remain fully intact so we send the right messages abroad about the U.S. as an attractive destination for international students. As countries like Canada, the United Kingdom, China and Australia bolster immigration policies to attract and retain international students, the last thing our nation should do in this area is make ourselves less competitive by weakening OPT. The program is essential to the many international students who desire not just to study in the U.S. but also have a post completion training experience.”
此信的核心是为选择性实践培训做强有力辩护:“我们敦促政府公开确认OPT将不受损害,这样我们就能向海外传递正确的信息,说明美国是一个对国际学生有吸引力的目的地。”其他国家如加拿大、英国、中国和澳大利亚的支持移民政策吸引和留住国际学生,在这方面我们的国家最不应该做事就是通过消弱OPT减少自己的竞争力。许多国际学生的愿望不只是来美国学习, 还要获得一项毕业后的培训经验,OPT对于他们是至关重要的。” 
The 21 House Republicans who signed the letter are Rep. Steve Stivers (R-OH), Rep. Bill Flores (R-TX), Rep. Peter King (R-TX), Rep. Rodney Davis (R-IL), Rep. Rob Woodall (R-GA), Rep. John Katko (R-NY), Rep. Chuck Fleischmann (R-TN), Rep. Fred Upton (R-MI), Rep. Pete Olson (R-TX), Rep. Ann Wagner (R-MO), Rep. Brian Fitzpatrick (R-PA), Rep. Joe Wilson (R-SC), Rep. Clay Higgins (R-LA), Rep. H. Morgan Griffith (R-VA), Rep. John Shimkus (R-IL), Rep. David Schweikert (R-AZ), Rep. Tom Reed (R-NY), Rep. Don Bacon (R-NE), Rep. Dan Newhouse (R-WA), Rep. Trent Kelly (R-MS) and Rep. Cathy McMorris Rodgers (R-WA).
21众议院共和党人签署了这封信,他们是俄亥俄众议员史蒂夫•史戴尔斯,德克萨斯众议员比尔•弗洛雷斯、彼得•金和皮特•奥尔森,伊利诺伊众议员罗德尼•戴维斯和约翰•施米克斯,佐治亚众议员罗伯•伍德奥(R-GA),纽约众议员约翰•卡克 和汤姆·里德,田纳西众议员查克• 弗莱希曼(R-TN),密西根众议员弗雷德•厄普顿(R-MI),密苏里众议员安·瓦格纳(R-MO),宾西法尼亚众议员布莱恩•菲茨帕特里克(R-PA),南卡罗莱纳众议员乔·威尔逊(R-SC),路易斯安那众议员克雷•希金斯,弗吉尼亚众议员格里菲斯•摩根(弗吉尼亚共和党),亚利桑那众议员大卫•史伟克,内布拉斯卡众议员唐•培根,华盛顿众议员丹•纽豪斯和凯西•麦克莫里斯•罗杰斯,密西西比众议员特伦特·•凯利。
Retaining international students educated at U.S. universities has always been considered a political no-brainer. A year ago, Donald Trump declared in a speech at the White House: “Some of the most skilled students at our world-class universities are going back home because they have no relatives to sponsor them here in the United States. And that’s the only way. We want these exceptional students and workers to stay, and flourish, and thrive in America.”
留住在美国大学接受教育的国际学生一直被认为是政治上不需要动脑筋的事情。一年前,唐纳德•特朗普在白宫的一次演讲中曾宣布:“我们世界一流大学的一些最优秀的学生将回国,因为他们在美国没有亲戚来资助他们。这是他们唯一的方法。我们希望这些优秀的学生和工人留在美国,繁荣昌盛。”
The students “are going back home” because the annual supply of H-1B petitions – 85,000 a year, in effect, for companies – has been exhausted for the past 18 fiscal years and there are potentially decades-long waits for employment-based green cards due to low annual quotas and the per-country limit. Still, employers and universities are pleased that several times Trump has spoken favorably about retaining international students after they complete their degrees in the United States.
学生“回家”,是因为每年的h - 1 b申请——85000每年,实际上,只为公司申请——在过去的18个财政年已经耗尽,并有可能由于近年工作绿卡低配额和分国家限制而进行长达几十年的等待。尽管如此,雇主和大学还是很高兴看到特朗普几次表示要在国际学生在美国完成学业后留下学生们。
Some key Trump officials oppose all types of immigration – refugees, family immigrants, high-skilled foreign nationals and international students. As a result, even Optional Practical Training, which allows international students to work for 12 months, usually after graduation, and 24 additional months in science, technology, engineering and math (STEM) fields, is on the chopping block following a 30-day review contained in an April 22, 2020, presidential proclamation.
特朗普政府的一些重量级官员反对所有类型的移民,包括难民、家庭移民、高技能外国人和国际学生。因此,在总统于2020年4月22日发布的一份为期30天的评估报告中,就连允许国际学生在毕业后工作12个月,以及在科学、技术、工程和数学(STEM)领域工作24个月的选择性实习也被砍掉了。
OPT was established by regulation and would likely require another regulation to accomplish the type of restriction sought by Trump officials. William Stock of Klasko Immigration Law Partners told me he thinks the most likely action would be the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) issuing an interim final rule eliminating or significantly restricting OPT or STEM OPT.
OPT是由法规建立的,很可能需要另一项法规来实现特朗普政府官员寻求的那种限制。Klasko Immigration Law Partners的威廉·斯托克告诉我,他认为最有可能的行动是,国土安全部发布临时的终级规则,取消或大幅限制OPT或STEM OPT。
“An interim final rule can have an immediate effect, but can only be issued in limited circumstances and it’s not clear that a court would hold they exist here,” he said. “If that happens, schools and interest groups will go to court right away and say the rule change cannot be done as an interim final rule, and have a stronger case than if the agency had done notice-and-comment rulemaking.”
“临时终级规则可以立即生效,但只能在有限的情况下发布,目前还不清楚法院是否会允许它们存在,”他说。“如果发生这种情况,学校和利益团体将立即走上法庭,说求诉规则的改变不能作为临时终级规则来执行,而且(这样的诉求)比政府已经制定的通知-评论式规则更有说服力。”
Other countries design policies to attract and retain international students. On May 14, 2020, the Canadian government announced significant flexibility for international students, including making it clear students would not lose the ability to work after graduation even if the Covid-19 crisis affects when they can be on campus. (See here.)
其他国家都在制定政策来吸引和留住国际学生。2020年5月14日,加拿大政府宣布对国际学生有很大的灵活性,包括明确学生毕业后不会失去工作能力,即使Covid-19危机影响了他们在校的时间(参见这里)。
A University of Maryland-Business Roundtable study concluded restricting OPT would lose 443,000 jobs in the U.S. economy by 2028. A National Foundation for American Policy study by University of North Florida economics professor Madeline Zavodny found, after examining 9 years of data, international students are associated with lower unemployment rates among U.S. STEM workers.
马里兰大学商业圆桌会议研究得出结论,限制OPT将在2028年之前使美国经济失去44.3万个工作岗位。北佛罗里达大学经济学教授玛德琳·扎佛尼主持的美国政策国家基金会的研究在调查了9年的数据后发现,国际学生的存在可降低美国STEM领域工人的失业率。
Experts note that any new restrictions on Optional Practical Training would make it less likely international students would want to study at U.S. universities. “Optional Practical Training is an indispensable tool in attracting students,” said Peter McPherson, president of the Association of Public and Land-grant Universities (APLU) who served as president of Michigan State for 11 years.
专家指出,任何对选择性实习培训的新限制都会降低国际学生到美国大学学习的可能性。“选择性实践培训是吸引学生的一个不可或缺的工具,” 大学公共和土地赠与协会主席、曾任11年密歇根州立大学校长的彼得•麦克弗森如是说。
The long-term future of the U.S. economy relies on a vibrant university system that educates the most talented people on the planet to work in the cutting-edge fields of tomorrow. That includes individuals not born in the United States.
美国经济的长远未来依赖于一个充满活力的大学系统,这个系统教育着地球上最有才华的人,让他们在未来的前沿领域工作。这其中包括非美国出生的人。
Twenty-one House Republicans agree with what Donald Trump said about international students: “We want these exceptional students and workers to stay, and flourish, and thrive in America.” The question is whether the rest of the Trump administration agrees as well.
21名共和党众议员同意唐纳德·特朗普关于国际学生的如下言论:“我们希望这些优秀的学生和工人留在美国,繁荣昌盛“。问题是特朗普政府的其他成员是否也这么认为。
原文链接:
https://www.forbes.com/sites/stuartanderson/2020/06/03/house-gop-immigration-letter-backs-opt-for-international-students/#51605567550c
除了“建议保留OPT”“确保国际学生在秋季入学”之外,共和党议员们多次强调留学生对美国的重要性,认为美国经济的长远未来依赖于一个充满活力的大学系统,让地球上最有才华的人在未来的前沿领域工作。
此外,从此次联名反对信中,Frank老师也提出两点值得大家注意的:
1、美国政、商、社的上层对于当前特朗普政府的存疑和存异都非常广泛,包括共和党内大佬们。
共和党尽管出于过去选举的结果,普遍支持特朗普,但实际上,该党仅仅是利用特朗普在完成一些他们自己利用现有政治能力无法达到的事情,包括最高法院新老交替、联邦/地方的选票对比格局。待到特朗普的任性无法继续影响共和党政治利益,就是共和党再次公开反对特朗普的开始。上一次共和党反对特朗普,是2016年大选中。
2、特朗普政府当前的政治行为,并非其本人的成熟政治见解。
他自己言论的前后矛盾,表现出其本人其实没有成熟政治见解。特朗普本人的言论,几乎都出自其随机想法,并没有什么系统性。而特朗普政府的政治行为,则是出于一个右翼官僚团队的集体决策,这个团队决策来自其中成员的个人经验的偶然汇聚下达成的结果,只是这种偶然性中的规律性也很集中。这些人思维和决策并不与共和党人进行广泛沟通。其决策也不代表美国政、商、社各层主流利益。
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