上次推荐了适合初中生的课外读物,这次推荐美国高中生们经常会读的课外书籍。高中生的理解能力和阅读量都已经很大了,绝大部分书籍都可以阅读。美国联邦政府不干涉各州、各学区、各学校的教科书内容,更不介入各年级学生的课外书阅读书目的编排,没有所谓全国统一标准。阅读书单随着英文课老师的兴趣而变。但不同州的高中生阅读书目中,经典名著仍是不可或缺的。这次推荐的书单仍然涵盖很广,大部分有隐含寓意但同时也很简单明了,希望大家都能有所收益。
1
《华氏451度
Fahrenheit 451
作者: 雷·布拉德伯里 (Ray Bradbury),美国科幻、奇幻、恐怖小说作家,代表作品有《火星纪事》及《华氏451度》。除小说外,布雷德伯里也著有多部散文集、诗集,并从事广播剧、电视、电影等剧本创作。
书籍类别:Science Fiction(科幻小说)
推荐理由布拉德伯里在这篇小说里描述了一个叫蒙塔格的救火员。小说以未来的反乌托邦社会为背景,在这个压制思想的社会中,所有的书都被禁止,消防员的工作不是灭火而是焚书。故事的主人公已经当了十年的消防队员,但他从来没有怀疑过自己所从事的工作,直到有一天他遇到了一个奇特的女孩,他开始对自己的工作产生疑虑。于是他决定铤而走险,向这个世界发起挑战。这是一部经典的讽刺小说,很多高中老师都会要求读这本书。
Set in the future in a dystopian society where books are banned and firemen start fires rather than put them out, Bradbury's novel follows a fireman named Montag. Montag becomes dissatisfied with his life and those around him after meeting a seventeen-year-old girl who, unlike the majority of society, enjoys people, nature, and meaningful conversations. This is a classic satirical novel that you will most likely be required to read in high school.
 购买链接 
美国购买链接:https://smile.amazon.com/Fahrenheit-451-Ray-Bradbury/dp/1451673264/
中文版购买链接:https://item.jd.com/12221816.html
2
《动物农场
Animal Farm
作者:乔治·奥威尔 (George Owell), 英国左翼作家,新闻记者和社会评论家。代表作《动物农场》,《一九八四》。
类别Political Satire(政治讽刺), Allegory(寓言)
推荐理由:动物农场是1917年俄国革命事件的寓言,其中的主要人物代表着历史人物,例如卡尔·马克思,约瑟夫·斯大林和莱昂·托洛茨基。奥威尔以他的小说为平台来谴责斯大林的恐怖统治和独裁统治的腐败和滥用行为。因为这本书的简洁明了以及奥威尔描述历史事件的独特方法,很适合高中生阅读。
Animal Farm serves as an allegory for the events of the 1917 Russian Revolution in which major characters represent historical figures such as Karl Marx, Joseph Stalin, and Leon Trotsky. Orwell uses his novel as a platform to condemn Stalin's reign of terror and the corrupt and abusive aspects of dictatorship. I really enjoyed this novel due to its simple concision and Orwell's unique method in describing an important event in our history.
 购买链接 
北美购买链接:https://www.amazon.com/Animal-Farm-George-Orwell/dp/0452284244/
中文版购买链接:https://item.jd.com/12060523
3
《了不起的盖茨比》
The Great Gatsby
作者:弗朗西斯·斯科特·菲茨杰拉德(F. Scott Fitzgerald),美国长篇小说、短篇小说作家,他的作品展示了爵士时代。虽然他一生只获得了少量的成功,但他现在被广泛看成是20世纪最伟大的美国作家之一。
类别:Modernist Novel(现代主义小说)
推荐理由《了不起的盖茨比》也是很经典的一本现代主义小说,2013年被改编为同名电影,菲茨杰拉德被认为是1920年代“迷惘的一代”的人 。他最著名的小说堪称美国社会缩影的经典代表,描述1920年代美国人在歌舞升平中空虚、享乐、矛盾的精神与思想。费滋杰罗一生为两样东西所困:一是才华,一是金钱,他都曾一度拥有,最后又全部失去。他死的时候,评论家都批评他生活腐化、自暴自弃,所以短寿,浪费了自己的才华。但或许就是因为他如此腐化的生活才能够写出那样属于美国那个年代的作品。
Considered a member of the "Lost Generation" of the 1920s, today he is widely regarded as one of the greatest American writers of the 20th century. He finished four novels: This Side of Paradise, The Beautiful and Damned, The Great Gatsby, and Tender Is the Night. The unfinished novel The Last Tycoon was published posthumously. Four collections of his short stories were published, as well as 164 short stories in magazines during his lifetime.
 购买链接 
北美购买链接:https://www.amazon.com/Great-Gatsby-F-Scott-Fitzgerald/dp/0743273567/
中国购买链接:https://item.jd.com/12439973.html
4
《一九八四》
1984
作者:乔治·奥威尔 (George Owell),和上面的《动物农场》同一作者
类别:Dystopian Fiction(反乌托邦小说)
推荐理由:1984年成立于英国伦敦,由“老大哥”领导的执政党控制着公民的方方面面,并禁止自由思想和个人主义。温斯顿·史密斯(Winston Smith)对他的政府感到沮丧,对叛乱党感兴趣,并开始铤而走险,例如与同事的秘密关系。奥威尔的政治小说突显了极权主义的许多危险,并向仍不确定如何应对全球共产主义崛起的国家发出警告。由于历史上东西方的对峙,乔治·奥威尔的作品经常被视为反苏和反共的代名词,因而曾在苏联、东欧、中华人民共和国等社会主义国家遭到封杀。《一九八四》直到1985年才有简体中文版刊行。不过《一九八四》仍然是一部伟大的著作,几乎所有的必读书单中都有它。
1984 is set in London, England where a ruling Party, lead by Big Brother, controls every aspect of its citizens and prohibits free thought and individuality. Winston Smith is frustrated with his government, becomes interested in the rebel Party, and starts committing illegal acts, such as a secret affair with a coworker. Orwell's political novel highlights the many dangers of totalitarianism and serves as a warning to nations who were still unsure as to how to deal with the rise of communism worldwide. 1984 is such a great work it is featured on virtually all lists of books to read.
 购买链接 
北美购买链接:https://www.amazon.com/1984-George-Orwell-ebook/dp/B003JTHWKU/
(亚马逊Kindle电子版免费阅读)
中文版购买链接:https://item.jd.com/11938658.html#crumb-wrap
5
《推销员之死》
Death of a Salesman
作者:亚瑟·米勒(Arthur A. Miller),纽约出生的美国犹太裔剧作家以及玛丽莲·梦露的第三任丈夫,他以剧作《推销员之死》、《萨勒姆的女巫》而闻名,肯尼迪中心荣誉奖得主。
类别:Tragedy(悲剧)
推荐理由:《推销员之死》讲述了罗曼一家:父亲威利,母亲琳达以及两个儿子。威利是一位失败的推销员,由于对现实的不了解,他对美国梦的追求从未实现。剧本只写了威利自杀前一天的生活,通过展示他自杀前的苦闷、挣扎和绝望的内心历程,我们可以纵观他的一生,窥视一个资本主义社会小人物的因为盲目信奉美国梦所付出的代价。米勒的戏剧获得普利策戏剧奖和托尼奖最佳剧本。除了这些奖项以外,这也是一本在适合在高中时读的好书。
Death of a Salesman focuses on the Loman family: Willy, the father, Linda, the mother, and Biff and Happy, their two sons. Willy is a failed salesman, and his pursuit of the American Dream is never fulfilled due to his imprudent understanding of reality. Miller's play won the Pulitzer Prize for Drama and a Tony Award for Best Play. On top of those awards, it is a great book to read in high school.
 购买链接 
北美购买链接:https://www.amazon.com/Death-Salesman-Arthur-Miller/dp/1973762196
中文版购买链接:https://item.jd.com/10192347.html
6
《罗密欧与朱丽叶》
Romeo and Juliet
作者:威廉·莎士比亚(William Shakespeare)
类别:Tragedy (悲剧)
推荐理由:罗密欧与朱丽叶的故事在众多电影,电视节目和其他文学作品中都耳熟能详。由于这个现实和莎士比亚的晦涩难懂的语言,许多人质疑为什么学校仍在学习它。答案很简单:莎士比亚的戏剧虽然已有数百年历史,但涵盖了爱情和人际关系,嫉妒,暴力和对抗等问题。所有这些问题在过去,现在并将继续在我们的社会中盛行。当您在高中解析这本书时,您甚至可以观看罗密欧与朱丽叶的不同电影,我可以保证这些电影会给您带来愉快的笑声。
Most everyone knows the story of Romeo and Juliet as it is referenced in numerous movies, television shows, and pieces of literature. Due to this fact and Shakespeare's difficult language, many people question why it is still studied in schools. The answer is simple: Shakespeare's play, although hundreds of years old, covers the issues of love and relationships, jealousy, and violence and rivalries. All of which have been, are, and will continue to be prevalent in our society. When you analyze the book in high school, you may even get to watch different Romeo and Juliet films, which I can guarantee will give you a good laugh.
 购买链接 
北美购买链接:https://www.amazon.com/Romeo-Juliet-William-Shakespeare/dp/1514697858/
中文版购买链接:https://item.jd.com/12093988.html
7
《麦田里的守望者》
The Catcher in the Rye
作者:杰罗姆·大卫·塞林格(J.D. Salinger), 美国作家,出生于纽约,父亲是犹太进口商。15岁时,入一军事学院学习并获得文凭,1942年,开始军旅生涯,1946年退伍之后,正式投入文学创作。他于1951年发表的著名小说《麦田里的守望者》被认为是二十世纪美国文学的经典作品之一,引起世界性轰动,尤其受到美国学生的疯狂追捧。
类别:Coming-of-Age Story (成长类故事)
推荐理由:霍尔登·考菲尔德(Holden Caulfield)目前是一家精神病院的患者,他讲述了他16岁的故事,被踢出学校,并觉得周围的每个人都很虚伪。塞林格的小说是关于成年人的自我孤立和沮丧,纯真与成长以及虚伪与肤浅的小说。由于其粗俗的语言,暴力和性爱场面,自1951年发行以来,该小说就被很多地方封禁或审查。
Holden Caulfield, currently a patient at a mental institute, is the sixteen-year-old narrator of his story about getting kicked out of school and his irritation towards the phoniness of everyone around him. Salinger's novel is about self-isolation and depression, innocence and growing up, and the hypocrisy and superficiality of adults. Due to its vulgar language, violence, and sexual scenes, the novel has appeared on many banned and censored lists since its release in 1951.
 购买链接 
北美购买链接:https://www.amazon.com/Catcher-Rye-J-D-Salinger/dp/0316769177
中文版购买链接:https://item.jd.com/12499516.html
8
《蝇王
Lord of the Flies
作者:威廉·高丁(William Golding)
类别:Loss-of-Innocence Story(类似于Coming-of-Age的一种类别),Adventure(冒险)
推荐理由:英国的一群男孩飞机失事后被困在一个荒岛上时,他们必须学会共同努力才能生存。不幸的是,没有规则,冲突就会变得激烈,男孩们的野蛮和暴力本能使他们彼此对抗。高丁使用诸如野兽和海螺壳之类的符号来描绘文明与野蛮,人与生俱来的邪恶和无辜的主题。喜欢黄渤、王宝强的电影《一出好戏》的朋友们很有可能也想了解一下《蝇王》里是怎么描写这种冲突的。
When British boys are stranded on a deserted island after their plane crashes, they must learn to work together in order to survive. Unfortunately, without rules, conflicts become violent and the boys' savage and violent instincts turn them against each other. Golding uses symbols, such as the beast and the conch shell, to portray the themes of civilization vs. savagery, innate human evilness, and the loss of innocence.
 购买链接 
北美购买链接:https://www.amazon.com/Lord-Flies-William-Golding/dp/0140283331
中文版购买链接:https://item.jd.com/11404701.html
9
《人鼠之间
Off Mice and Men
作者:约翰·史坦贝克(John Ernst Steinbeck, Jr.)美国作家,曾获得1962年诺贝尔文学奖。其主要代表作有《愤怒的葡萄》、《伊甸之东》和《人鼠之间》等。
类别:Tragedy(悲剧)
推荐理由:斯坦贝克的故事围绕着乔治和列尼之间的忠诚友谊,这两个梦想有一天购买自己土地的工人。不幸的是,他们的计划永远无法实现,而这本小说也强调了“美国梦”的不可能。另一个流行的主题是孤独,正如黑色稳定手克鲁克(Crooks)的这句话所言:“一个人需要有人-要靠近他...我告诉你,我告诉你,一个人变得太孤独了,他生病了”。关于小说的一些有趣的事实是,他的狗狗吃掉了故事的初稿,而书中大多数角色都是基于斯坦贝克认识的人。
 购买链接 
北美购买链接:https://www.amazon.com/Mice-Penguin-Great-Books-Century/dp/0812416317
中文版购买链接:https://item.jd.com/12585400.html
10
《伊甸之东
East of Eden
作者:约翰·史坦贝克(John Ernst Steinbeck, Jr.)美国作家,曾获得1962年诺贝尔文学奖。其主要代表作有《愤怒的葡萄》、《伊甸之东》和《人鼠之间》等。。
类别:Allegory(寓言), Drama(戏剧)
推荐理由:斯坦贝克另外一本著名小说。他的小说强调善与恶之间的冲突。卡尔·特拉斯克(Cal Trask)是亚当·特拉斯克(Adam Trask)和凯茜·艾姆斯(Cathy Ames)的儿子,也是阿隆·特拉斯克(Aron Trask)的兄弟,他努力地解决自己能否真正克服母亲凯蒂(Cathy)所继承的邪恶。这部小说很长,但非常有趣,因为斯坦贝克采用许多象征和图案,包括该隐和亚伯(圣经中的人物)的故事以及萨利纳斯山谷,以寓意地描绘了这本书的主题。
Steinbeck's novel emphasizes the conflict between good and evil. Cal Trask, son to Adam Trask and Cathy Ames and brother to Aron Trask, struggles to resolve if he can truly overcome the evil inherited from his mother Cathy. The novel is quite long but very interesting as Steinbeck implements many symbols and motifs, including the story of Cain and Abel and the Salinas Valley, to allegorically portray the book's themes.
 购买链接 
北美购买链接:https://www.amazon.com/East-Penguin-Twentieth-Century-Classics/dp/0140186395/
英文原版中国购买链接:https://item.jd.com/32101438016.html
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