Chopin: 15 facts about the great composer
伟大作曲家肖邦的15个事实
Preludes, nocturnes, waltzes - Chopin was a romantic composer responsible for some of the greatest piano music of the era. Learn more about him with our interesting facts.
导读：序曲、夜曲、华尔兹—肖邦是一位浪漫主义作曲家，创作了当时一些最伟大的钢琴曲。跟着我们学习关于他的一些有趣的事实吧。（本文出处请点击阅读原文。）
1、Chopin is born in 1810
We know that Frederic Chopin was born in Poland, west of Warsaw, in 1810, but it's not 100% confirmed on what day. Local baptism records claim the composer came into the world on 22 February, but Chopin's parents said it was 1 March.
1、肖邦出生于1810年
我们知道弗雷德里克·肖邦于1810年出生于波兰华沙的西部，但这一消息并没有得到100%的证实。当地的洗礼记录显示这位作曲家是在2月22日出生的，但肖邦的父母说是出生于3月1日。

2. Child star
Chopin was composing and writing poetry at six, and gave his first public concerto performance at the age of eight. It's not really surprising - his mother was a piano teacher, and his father played the flute and violin.
2、童星
肖邦六岁时便开始作曲和写诗，并且在八岁时就举办了个人的第一场公开音乐会表演。这并不让人惊讶——他的母亲就是一位钢琴老师，父亲会吹笛子、拉小提琴。
3、Chopin... Vodka?
It seems it's not just musicians inspired by the great composer. A maker of fine vodka has borrowed the composer's name as a universal mark of quality. The excellence of their vodka isn't inspired by other vodka brands on the market, but takes inspiration from Chopin's boundary-breaking mastery.
3.    肖邦…伏特加？
并非只有音乐家受到这位伟大作曲家的启发。一家优质伏特加制造商借用了作曲家的名号作为通用品质的标志。他们伏特加酒的卓越并非受到市场上其他伏特加品牌的启发，而是从肖邦打破界限的高超技艺中汲取的灵感。

4. Chopin and Bach
Chopin was very fond of Bach - who could blame him? He urged his piano pupils to practise Bach every day to strengthen their fingers and exercise their minds with the mathematical music.
4、肖邦和巴赫
肖邦非常喜欢巴赫—谁能说他不是呢？他敦促他的钢琴学生每天练习巴赫来锻炼手指，并用数学音乐去锻炼学生的头脑。
5、Piano Concerto No. 1
His Piano Concerto No. 2 was written before his Piano Concerto No. 1, in 1830. But the first one was published after the second, leading to the confusion.
5、第一钢琴协奏曲
他的第二钢琴协奏曲作于1830年，写于第一钢琴协奏曲之前，但是却在第一钢琴协奏曲之后出版，令人困惑不解。
6. Chopin arrives in Paris in 1831
Despite only arriving in Paris in September 1831, Chopin never returned to his homeland of Poland. While he was in the city, he forged friendships with great composers including Mendelssohn, Berlioz and Liszt.
6.      肖邦在1831年抵达巴黎
尽管在1831年10乐肖邦才抵达巴黎，但是他再未回到波兰故土。在这座城市，他与一群伟大的作曲家包括门德尔松、柏辽兹、李斯特等建立了友谊。

7、A very modest piano teacher
As as way of making money while living in Paris, Chopin built up a book of rich contacts to whom he would give piano lessons. Unfortunately, he felt too embarrassed to ask his pupils for money, so he looked away while they left the fee on the mantelpiece!
7、一位非常谦逊的钢琴老师
作为在巴黎定居的生存之道，肖邦建立了一个非常庞大的人脉关系网，他会给这些人上钢琴课赚钱。有意思的是，肖邦非常不好意思问学生要钱，所以当学生把钱放在壁炉台上时，他都会把视线移开。
8、Chopin and Maria Wodziński
On the way back from Paris, Chopin met Maria Wodziński, daughter of his parents' friends. He fell in love with her and was engaged to marry her, but the wedding had to be postponed due to Chopin's bad health. He wrote 'The Farewell Waltz' on the morning of his departure from Dresden, and the relationship ended.
8、肖邦和玛利亚
从巴黎回来的路上，肖邦遇到了他父母朋友的女儿玛利亚。他坠入爱河并想与她结婚，但是婚礼由于肖邦的病情推迟了。他在离开德雷斯顿的那天早上写下了“告别圆舞曲”，两人的关系就此结束。
9、The Minute Waltz
Chopin's 'Minute' Waltz isn't minute, as in small, it's minute in that it lasts 60 seconds. Well, almost: the 138 bars of music take between a minute and a half and two minutes to play. Chopin's publishers decided on the nickname.
9、一分钟圆舞曲
肖邦的“一分钟”圆舞曲并非是一分钟，只是形容它短小，因为它持续了60秒左右所以称之为“一分钟”圆舞曲。嗯，差不多，138小节的音乐需要一分半到两分钟左右的时间去演奏，肖邦的出版商便起了个这个绰号。

10、 Chopin's bad health
Chopin was forced to postpone his engagement due to his health, but this was an ongoing problem. Word spread among people in Warsaw believed the composer had died because he was so ill in 1835.
10、肖邦糟糕的身体
肖邦由于健康原因被迫推迟了婚期，但健康一直是个持续存在的问题。消息在华沙四处蔓延，人们坚信这位作曲家1835年已经去世了，因为他的身体实在太糟糕了。
11. Chopin's customs problems
When Chopin visited Majorca, he had trouble bringing his precious piano along with him. The piano, made by the famous Pleyel et Cie company, was held up by customs from 20 December 1838 until 4 Jan 1839. Eventually George Sands agreed to pay 300 francs to have the instrument released.
11.   肖邦的海关争议
当肖邦访问马略卡岛时，他遇到了麻烦——如何才能带上他心爱的钢琴。这架由著名的普莱耶尔公司制造的钢琴被海关扣留了下来，从1838年10月20号到1839年的1月4号。最终乔治·桑同意花费300法郎将这件乐器保释出来。
12、George Sand
Chopin had an long and stormy affair with a novelist called George Sand after meeting her in 1836. At least, that's what she said her name was in order to get noticed in a society that didn't look favourably on female authors - her real name was Aurore Dudevant.
12、乔治·桑
1836年，肖邦与一位名叫乔治·桑(George Sand)的小说家相遇后，与她发生了一段漫长而激烈的恋情。她说叫乔治·桑是为了在一个不看好女性作家的社会中引起注意——但无论如何她的真名是Aurore Dudevant。

13. Piano music
Most of Chopin's music was written for piano. He wrote 59 mazurkas, 27 études, 27 preludes, 21 nocturnes and 20 waltzes for the instrument.
13.   钢琴音乐
肖邦绝大部分的音乐都是钢琴曲。他为钢琴写了59首玛祖卡，27首练习曲，27首序曲，21首夜曲和20首华尔兹。
14. Polonaise: a Polish dance
Chopin wrote around 23 polonaises throughout his life. His most famous examples are the Military' Polonaise in A, 'Heroic' or 'Drum' Polonaise in A flat. Like much of Chopin's music, most of the pieces are written for solo piano, but the Andante spianato et grande polonaise brillante is an orchestral piece.
14.   波洛涅兹：一种波兰舞蹈
肖邦终其一生写了大约23首波洛涅兹。最著名的代表莫过于《A大调军队波洛涅兹》，《降A大调英雄波洛涅兹》。类似大部分的肖邦音乐，绝大部分的波洛涅兹都是钢琴独奏作品，但是《平静的行板与华丽的大波兰舞曲》是一首乐队作品。

15. Chopin dies aged 39
Chopin died in 1849, most probably from tuberculosis, at the age of 39. He is buried near his friend, composer Cerubini, at the Père Lachaise Cemetery in Paris. Mozart's Requiem was performed at his funeral.
15.   肖邦于39岁逝世
肖邦于1849年逝世，很可能由于肺结核的缘故，享年39岁。肖邦安葬在巴黎佩雷拉切士公墓，旁边就是他的朋友——作曲家Cerubini。在他的葬礼上，奏响了莫扎特的安魂曲。
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