杜达梅尔指挥马勒《第五交响曲》
导言：今天的选自一位名叫撒迦利亚弗瑞森（Zachariah Friesen）的音乐博客，来自他多年聆听马勒的经验之谈，也可以作为对马勒最初认知的普及读物。关于马勒你不可不知他的命运、人生、作品。他最著名的作品是什么？哪首乐曲蕴含了他丧子之痛？

10 Facts about Mahler

关于马勒你不可不知的十个真相
By Zachariah Friesen
As a young aspiring trombone player, exploring the world of Gustav Mahler, I listened to his 5th Symphony at least 20 times before I understood any of it. One night, after returning from an audition in Los Angeles, I listened to his 5th Symphony on repeat all the way back to San Francisco. At about 2am, and the 3rd repeat of the symphony I was finally able to wrap my head around it. The next hour listening to that symphony was truly one of the most enjoyable moments of my life. Here are some things that I’ve learned about Mahler that you may not have known:
作为一个年轻有抱负的长号演奏家，我在探索古斯塔夫·马勒的世界时，我至少在听了他的《第五交响乐》20遍之后才开始试着去理解马勒。一天晚上，在从洛杉矶的试演回来后，我听了他的《第五交响曲》，一直重复回到旧金山。大约凌晨2点，在第3次重复那首交响乐时，我终于能将音乐萦绕于心了。接下来的一小时，听那首交响乐真是我一生中最快乐的时刻之一。下面是我对马勒的一些了解，你可能还不知道：
1. Gustav Mahler’s music didn’t gain the respect and notoriety it has today until Leonard Bernstein “resurrected” Mahler’s symphonies while conducting the New York Philharmonic 50 years after Mahler died.
古斯塔夫·马勒的音乐直到莱纳德·伯恩斯坦在马勒去世50年后指挥纽约爱乐交响乐团时才重新使马勒的交响曲焕发生机，收获了今天的尊重和声名。
2. Mahler, in his time, was known more as a conductor. He is considered to be one of the most passionate and greatest conductors in music history.
马勒，在他的时代，更多地被认为是一名指挥。他被认为是音乐史上最热情和最伟大的指挥家之一。
3. Mahler’s life was very tragic. 8 of his 14 siblings did not survive into adulthood and died at very young ages. He lost a child, and a troubled marriage among other tragedies plagued his life.
马勒的生活非常悲惨。他的14个兄弟姐妹中有8个没有活到成年，在很小的时候就去世了。他失去了一个孩子，婚姻问题和其他悲剧困扰着他的生活。
4. Mahler met with the father of psychoanalysis, Sigmund Freud, after a series of tragedies plagued Mahler’s already tragic life. Freud’s diagnosis for Mahler was mother-fixation.
马勒会见了精神分析之父西格蒙德弗洛伊德，在一系列悲剧困扰着马勒已经悲剧的生活。弗洛伊德对马勒的诊断是恋母倾向。
5. Mahler wrote a song cycle on the death of children called Kindertotenlieder, which enraged his wife Alma Mahler. Sadly, not too long after, one of his two children passed away, leading to a series of terrible tragedies and prompting his meeting with Sigmund Freud.
马勒写了一首关于儿童的死亡的歌，叫做《悼亡儿之歌》，这激怒了他的妻子阿尔玛·马勒。不幸的是，不久之后，他的两个孩子中的一个去世了，这引发了一系列可怕的悲剧（使马勒心受重创），促使他与西格蒙德·弗洛伊德（精神分析专家）见面。
6. Mahler is known for creating the autobiographical symphony.  He claimed: “a symphony should be the world, it must embrace everything.” Listening to one of his symphonies is like living an hour (or more) of Mahler’s life
马勒以创作自传体交响乐而闻名。他声称：“交响乐应该是世界，它必须包含一切。“听他的一首交响曲就像过着马勒一生的一小时(或更长时间)。
7. Mahler’s first symphony is considered by some to be the greatest 1st Symphony of any composer. At one point, it depicts hundreds of tiny little creatures of the woods collectively carrying a slain hunter’s body out of the forest. The music is a string bass solo playing a funeral march based on Frere Jacques in a minor key.
马勒的第一部交响曲被一些人认为是一部所有作曲家所创造的交响曲里最伟大的一部。作品中有一部分是在描绘数以百计的森林中的小生物将被谋杀的猎人尸体集体抬出了森林的故事。这是一个弦乐低音独奏的葬礼进行曲是在两只老虎的旋律基础上用小调创作的。
8. Mahler’s 8th Symphony, later dubbed: The Symphony of a Thousand, calls for over 20 brass players, 2 Piccolos, 5 flutes, one mandolin (several mandolins are preferred), harmonium, glockenspiel, 2 choirs, a Children’s Choir and 8 voice soloists. It lasts nearly 85 minutes.
马勒的《第八交响曲》，后来被称为：“千人交响曲”，需要20多名铜管演奏家、2支短笛、5支长笛、1支曼陀林(首选几个曼陀林)、簧风琴、钟琴、2支合唱团、一支儿童合唱团和8名独唱者。持续时间将近85分钟。
9.Mahler’s 3rd Symphony is the longest symphony of the orchestral repertoire, totaling 95 minutes. Among the highlights are a post-horn solo and the most extensive trombone solo in the orchestral repertoire.
马勒的《第三交响曲》是管弦乐曲目中最长的交响曲，合共95分钟。其中最突出的是后号角独奏和长号独奏在管弦乐曲目马勒3RD交响曲是管弦乐曲目中最长的交响曲，合共95分钟。其中引人注目的是音乐中后号角独奏和在管弦乐曲目里应用最广泛的长号独奏。
10.To avoid “The Curse of the 9”, in which composers die after writing their 9th symphony, Mahler wrote a symphony and called it: Das Lied von der Erde instead of numbering it and called his subsequent symphony the 9th Symphony. For what it’s worth he died while writing his 10th symphony.
马勒为避免作曲家“9的魔咒”（很多音乐家写完第九交响曲后就死了）。马勒写了一首交响曲，并将其命名为：《大地之歌》，而不是对其编号进行命名，并将他随后的交响曲命名为《第九交响曲》。值得庆幸的是，马勒是在写他的《第十交响曲》时去世的。
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