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本文要讨论情态动词的使用规则。情态动词是一种用来表达情态的助动词，因此又称为情态助动词。具体来说，情态动词可用来表示可能、能力、意愿、义务的概念，和一般动词的使用有许多不同之处：
 1. 情态动词的主语为第三人称时，情态动词后不加s。
例句：
· He can speak Chinese.
· She should be here by 9:00.
 2. 无论是现在时态或是过去时态，皆使用not来表达否定。
例句：
· He should not be late.
· They might not come to the party.
 3. 情态动词没有过去式和未来式的书写形式。
错误：He will can go with us. 
错误：She musted study very hard.
关于情态动词的使用
情态动词表达的情态类型如下：
1. 可能
2. 能力
3. 义务
4. 建议
5. 许可
6. 习惯
所有情态动词的种类如下：
Can, could, may, might, need, will, would, must, shall, should, have to, ought to

切记：情态动词后接省略to 的动词不定式。

例句：

· You must stop when the traffic lights turn red.
· You should see the doctor.
· There are a lot of tomatoes in the fridge. You need not buy any.

例外：

· You ought to go to the doctor.
 1. 可能
首先，情态动词可用于表达某件事情在过去／现在／未来发生的可能性。
例句：
· It's snowing, so it must be very cold outside.
· I don't know where John is. He could have missed the train.
· This bill can't be right. £200 for two cups of coffee!
 2. 能力
用can或could表示能力。
例句：
· She can speak six languages.
· My grandfather could play golf very well.
· I can't drive.
 3. 必须与建议
若要表达必须，或是给予建议，可使用must或should一类的情态动词。
例句：
· Children must do their homework.
· We have to wear a uniform at work.
· You should stop smoking.
4. 许可
若要征询或给予同意，可使用can、could、may一类的情态动词。此外，情态动词的否定式可用来表达禁止做某件事的概念。
例句：
· Could I leave early today, please?
· You may not use the car tonight.
· Can we swim in the lake?
 5. 习惯
若谈到平常或过去的习惯或行事做法，可使用will或would来表达。
例句：
· When I lived in Italy, we would often eat in the restaurant next to my flat.
· John will always be late!
情态动词一览表：
情态动词
解释
表达的情态类型
例句
must
to have to
100% obligation
I must stop when the traffic lights turn red.
to be very probable
logical conclusion (deduction)
He must be very tired after such enormous work.
must not
not to be allowed to
prohibition
You must not smoke in the hospital.
can
to be able to
ability
I can swim.
to be allowed to
permission
Can I use your phone please?
it is possible
possibility
Smoking can cause cancer!
could
to be able to
ability in the past
When I was younger I could stay up all night and not get tired.
to be allowed to
more polite permission
Excuse me, could I just say something?
it is possible
possibility
It could rain tomorrow!
may
to be allowed to
permission
May I use your phone please?
it is possible, probable
possibility, probability
It may rain tomorrow!
might
to be allowed to
more polite permission
Might I use your phone please?
it is possible, probable
weak possibility, probability
I might come and visit you in America next year, if I can save enough money.
need
necessary
necessity
Need I say more?
need not
not necessary
lack of necessity/absence of obligation
I need not buy any tomatoes. There are plenty in the fridge.
should/ought to
used to say or ask what is the correct or best thing to do
50% obligation
I should/ought to see a doctor. I have a terrible headache.
to suggest an action or to show that it is necessary
advice
You should / ought to revise your lessons.
to be very probable
logical conclusion (deduction)
He should / ought to be very tired after such enormous work.
had better
to suggest an action or to show that it is necessary
advice
You’d better revise your lessons.
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