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用于“归类”及“列表”的句型
研究论文中常会用到具归类功能以及列表功能的句型。归类句型常用在论文中较前面的章节。列表句型则用于将众多的信息以某种方式进行罗列或归类，以便于之后的系统性处理或呈现。在归类时，我们依照事物的共同性来分类与命名。这么一来，读者可一目了然同一类事物所共有的特征或特性。此外，归类也可用于呈现事物间的差异。在研究论文中，不少作者常以归类的方式向读者介绍新议题。
一般归类句型
1. It has become commonplace to distinguish ‘passive’ from ‘active’ forms of X.
2. Bone is generally classified into two types: X bone, also known as …, and Y bone or …
3. Systems theory distinguishes two different types of X, i.e. social and semantic Xs (Al-Masry 2013).
4. There are two main types of memory: declarative and non-declarative memory.
5. Declarative memory can be broken down into X and Y.
6. Aristotle’s systematic treatises may be grouped in several divisions: logic, psychological works, physical …
7. The works of Aristotle fall under three headings: (1) dialogues and …; (2) collections of facts and …; and (3) systematic works.
8. There are two basic approaches currently being adopted in research into X. One is the Y approach and the other is …
9. Associative learning can be categorized into classical and operant conditioning.
10. Classical conditioning was first …
11. Generally, spectra typing provides two types of information: band intensity pattern and band number.
特定归类句型
例句：
1. Individuals were classified as belonging to upper or lower categories of …
2. Smith and Jones (2003) argue that there are two broad categories of Y, which are: a) … and b) …
3. For Aristotle, motion is of four kinds: (1) motion which …; (2) motion which …; (3) motion which …; and (4) motion which …
To better understand the mechanisms of X and its therapeutic implications, Smith et al. (2011) classified X into 3 distinct types using …
评述归类系统
介绍列表
1. This topic can best be treated under three headings: X, Y and Z.
2. The key aspects of management can be listed as follows: X, Y and Z.
3. There are three reasons why the English language has become so dominant.
4. These are: …
5. There are two types of effect which result when a patient undergoes X. These are …
6. The disadvantages of the new approach can be discussed under three headings, which are: …
7. The Three Voices for Mass is divided into six sections. These are: the Kyrie, Gloria, ….
8. Appetitive stimuli have three separable basic functions. Firstly, they … Secondly, they …
9. This section has been included for several reasons: it is …; it illustrates …; and it describes …
引用他人列表
1. Smith and Jones (1991) list X, Y and Z as the major causes of infant mortality.
2. Smith (2003) lists the main features of X as follows: it is X; it is Y; and it has Z.
3. Smith (2003) argues that there are two broad categories of Y, which are: a) … and b) …
4. Smith (2003) suggests three conditions for its acceptance. Firstly, X should be …
Secondly, it needs to be … Thirdly, …
For Aristotle, motion is of four kinds: (1) motion which …; (2) motion which …; (3) motion which …; and (4) motion which …
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