特朗普总统提出的预算中的赢家和输家

Winners and losers in President Trump's proposed budget

特朗普总统提出的预算中的赢家和输家

本报讯- 军费将获得特朗普总统的预算中的大头。其他的像环保项目，医学研究，美铁和国际文化交流项目-从非洲到阿巴拉契亚，也是预算中的大热门。而其他的项目特朗普总统打算让它们缩衣节食来支持热门的项目。

The budget proposal out Thursday is a White House wish list; it’ll be up to Congress to decide where money goes. If Trump gets his way, there will be more losers than winners among government departments and programs.

周四的预算提案是白宫的愿望清单;它会用于国会决定钱花到哪里。如果特朗普通过了他的预算，那政府部门和项目里输家将会比赢家多。

Some programs would tread water: WIC grants -- money to states for health care and nutrition for low-income women, infants and children -- are one example. Money for states grants for water infrastructure projects would be held level as well.

一些项目会用于水资源：比如WIC补助。举一个例子，钱可以让各州为低收入妇女，婴儿和儿童提供的医疗保健和营养补助。钱对于各州来说也是水利基础设施补助来源。

Some others would lose everything: Trump proposes to eliminate money for the Corporation for Public Broadcasting, the national endowments for arts and humanities and more than a dozen other independent agencies financed by the government.

特朗普提出取消资金用于支持公共广播公司、政府资助艺术类和人文学类的基金以及十几家国家支持的其他独立机构。

A sampling:

一个假设：

-The Pentagon. Trump proposes a 10 percent increase in the massive defense budget, adding $52 billion in military spending in one year top expand personnel, equipment and capability. Another $2 billion would go to nuclear weapons.

-五角大楼。特朗普提出了为已经庞大的国防预算再增加10％，军队一年内增加520亿美元用来扩充人员，设备和能力。另外20亿美元会用于核武器。

-Veterans Affairs. Up 5.9 percent. That’s an additional $4.4 billion, driven by ever-growing health care costs.

-退伍军人事务部。因为不断增长的医保成本分到的经费比例高达5.9%。也就是额外的44亿美元。

-Homeland Security. Up 6.8 percent. That’s $2.8 billion more. Most of the increase, $2.6 billion, would be to help kick-start Trump’s promised border wall. The president has repeatedly said Mexico would pay for the wall; Mexican officials are adamant that they won’t. Trump also wants an extra $1.5 billion for more immigration jails and deportations, and $314 million to hire 1,500 immigration enforcement and border patrol agents.

-国土安全。分到总经费的6.8％，也就是28亿美元。其中26亿美元将用来帮助启动特朗普之前承诺的墨西哥墙。虽然总统曾多次表示墨西哥将支付造墙的费用; 但墨西哥官员坚持认为他们不会支持这一费用。特朗普还希望额外的15亿美元用于更多的移民监狱和驱逐出境，以及3.14亿美元用于雇佣1500名移民执法和边境巡逻人员。

-The National Nuclear Security Administration, which oversees the maintenance and safety of the nuclear arsenal and its research labs. The agency would grow by 11.3 percent, or $1.4 billion, so that it takes up more than half the Energy Department’s budget, which would shrink overall.

-国家核安全管理局。主要负责监督核武库及其研究实验室的维护和安全。该机构经费将会增加11.3％或是 14亿美元的增长，因此，它占用了一半以上的能源部门的预算，能源部门的预算将会大幅度缩水。

-Opioid prevention and treatment: a proposed $500 million increase in the Health and Human Services Department to counter the epidemic and more money for the Justice Department to combat the problem.

-鸦片类药物的防治：公共与卫生服务部拟用5亿美元来对抗流行病以及提供更多的资金给司法部来解决这个问题。

-School choice: $1.4 billion more to expand school choice programs, bringing spending in that area to $20 billion, even as the Education Department’s overall budget would be cut by $9 billion, or 13 percent.

-学校选择：14亿美元用于扩大更多学校选择的项目，为这项目资金增加到 20亿美元。而教育部门的整体预算将减少9亿美元，也就是13％的削减。

-美国环境保护局预算将缩减31.4%，也就是26亿美元。计划会削减3200个机构职位，删除了一个对电厂更严格的管理条例，以及“归零”项目用来清理五大湖和切萨皮克湾的计划。

-Health and Human Services, facing the largest cut in dollar terms: $12.6 billion, or 16.2 percent. The plan would cut $5.8 billion from the nearly $32 billion National Institutes of Health, the nation’s premier medical research agency, bringing its total to $25.9 billion. It’s not clear what research on diseases or disorders would lose the most money, although the budget plan specifically calls for elimination of a division that focuses on global health. Already, the NIH’s budget hasn’t kept pace with inflation over the last decade, making it dramatically harder for scientists around the country to win money for research projects into potential new treatments or better understanding of disease.

-公共与卫生服务部将面临最大一笔预算缩减：126亿美元或是16.2%的财政缩减。其中58亿美元将从拥有将近320亿美元预算的国立卫生研究院中的国家第一医疗研究机构中削减。尽管计划特别指明停止全球健康的项目，但暂时还不清楚具体哪个疾病研究项目会被停止。目前，国立卫生研究院的预算在过去十年里没有跟上通货膨胀，也就是说会让那些研究人员更难申请到庞大的预算来研究新的疗法或更好的了解疾病。

-State Department and U.S. Agency for International Development. Down 28 percent, or $10 billion. Foreign aid would be reduced, as would money to the U.N. and to multilateral development banks including the World Bank. Some foreign military grants would be shifted to loans.

-国务院和美国国际开发署将会减少28%的预算，也就是100亿美元。对欧盟和多国的开发银行其中包括世界银行的国际援助将会减少。而一些外国军事拨款将变为贷款形式。

-Labor Department. A more than 20 percent cut, or $2.5 billion. To be eliminated: a $434 million program that has helped more than 1 million people 55 and older find jobs, according to the department. The blueprint says the Senior Community Service Employment Program is inefficient and unproven.

-劳工部的预算将会缩减超过20%，或是25亿美元。要削减：一个耗费4.34亿美元已经帮助超过100万55岁以上找工作的项目。计划蓝图指出这个老年社区就业服务项目是低效和未证实有用的项目。

-Agriculture Department. A nearly 21 percent cut, or $4.7 billion, achieved in part by cutting land acquisition in the National Forest System, rural water infrastructure and statistical capabilities at the department. Trump also proposes reduced staff in county USDA offices, an idea that fell flat in Congress when President Barack Obama proposed a similar reduction.

-农业部的预算将会减少将近21%，也就是47亿美元。主要通过裁减国家森林系统中的土地征用，农村水利基础设施和部门里的数据处理功能来实现。特朗普还提出减少农业部在郡县（county）的办公室工作人员。这跟当年奥巴马总统提出的减少预算想法如出一辙。

-Transportation Department. Trump proposes a cut of nearly 13 percent, or $2.4 billion. Amtrak, local transit agencies, and rural communities that depend on federal subsidies to obtain scheduled airline service would take the brunt. Trump would eliminate subsidies for Amtrak long-distance train routes, which would most likely mean the end of those routes since they are generally not profitable. Money for the Federal Transit Administration grant program for new light rail and subway construction would be eliminated except for multi-year projects the government has already committed to help fund.

-交通运输部。特朗普提出裁减将近13%，24亿美元的财政预算。缩减由美国铁路公司（Amtrak），地方运输部门，以及那些靠政府补助获得航空服务的农村社区共同承担。特朗普会淘汰之前给予美国铁路公司长途铁路线路的补贴，换而言之，以后再没有这些长途火车了，因为根本没法赚钱。对于联邦交通管理局用于建造新的轻轨和地铁的拨款也将取消，但已经开始的项目政府承诺会提供资金支持。

-Internal Revenue Service: After years of cuts, the IRS budget would be cut again - by $239 million from this year’s spending levels. The IRS budget is down about $1 billion from its height in 2010. Since then, the agency has lost more than 17,000 employees. As a result, the chances of getting audited have rarely been so low.

-国税局：经过多年的缩减预算，这次国税局再一次被裁减了2.39亿美元的预算。从2010年起，国税局一共被缩减了10亿美元的预算。从那开始，一共有超过17000名员工离职。最终导致的结果就是受审计的机会越来越小。

-Commerce Department. A 16 percent or $1.5 billion cut. The plan would eliminate more than $250 million in National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration grants, including a program that helps coastal communities adapt to climate change, deal with invasive species and maintain healthy water and fisheries. Also on the chopping block: the Economic Development Administration, which provides federal dollars to foster job creation and attract private investment; and the Minority Business Development Agency, which is dedicated to helping minority-owned business get off the ground and grow. The Trump administration says the two agencies duplicate work done elsewhere.

-商务部被缩减了16%或是15亿美元的预算。计划取消超过2.5亿美元的国家海洋和大气管理局拨款，其中包括了一个帮助沿海社区适应气候变化的项目，对抗入侵物种和维持健康的水和渔业的项目。下一个裁减的目标：经济发展局，其作用主要提供联邦资金促进就业机会和吸引私人投资；以及少数族裔商业发展署，其作用是帮助少数名族的企业成长。特朗普政府说，这两个机构做的事有重合的部分。

-School programs: The plan would eliminate a $1.2 billion initiative that supports before- and after-school programs as well as summer programs.

-学校项目：计划取消一个12亿美元支持课前、课后和暑期项目的法案。

-Independent agencies supported by tax dollars. If Trump prevails, a hefty contingent of entities would lose all federal money and be shut. Among them, the Public Broadcasting Corporation, the Appalachian Regional Commission, the Chemical Safety Board, the United States Institute of Peace, the National Endowment for the Arts, the National Endowment for the Humanities, the Corporation for National Community Service and the African Development Foundation. That foundation was established by Congress and provides seed money and other support to enterprises in some 20 countries on that continent.

-那些用纳税人钱支持的独立机构。如果特朗普胜利了，一个异常强大的代表团将会失去所有的联邦资金支持被迫关闭。其中，公共广播公司，阿巴拉契亚地区委员会，化学安全委员会，美国和平研究所，国家艺术基金会，国家人文基金会，国家社区服务和非洲发展基金会。都是由国会设立的基金会，并提供种子资金和其他支持给在非洲大陆大约20个国家建立的企业。

原文链接：

http://www.cbsnews.com/news/winners-and-losers-in-president-trumps-proposed-budget/