1
五一放假
泛读一周

周二（明天）恢复双语更新！
祝大家节日愉快！
2
原文阅读
全文概述：

大型科技公司如
Alphabet、Amazon和Microsoft正在增加对数据中心的投资，以应对人工智能（AI）带来的计算需求。这些数据中心消耗大量电力，促使这些公司寻求更多的可再生能源。例如，Microsoft与Brookfield合作建设可再生能源设施，Google投资地热能，而Amazon则购买了核能数据中心。此外，这些公司还在探索如小型模块化反应堆等创新能源技术，以支持其日益增长的能源需求。
原文如下：
Business | How green is your Valley?
Big tech’s great AI power grab
Alphabet, Amazon and Microsoft are on the hunt for new energy sources
Big tech wants more computing power. A lot more. According to their latest quarterly reports, Alphabet (Google’s corporate parent), Amazon and Microsoft—the world’s cloud-computing giants—collectively invested $40bn between January and March, most of it in data centres equipped to deal with growing artificial-intelligence (AI) workloads. Last month Meta, which does not have a cloud business but does run a data-hungry social-media empire, said its capital expenditure could reach $40bn this year as a result of AI-related projects. That is not far off the $50bn that Saudi Aramco, an oil colossus, is planning to splurge. Microsoft is likely to spend more.
The comparison with the famously capex-happy energy industry is apt not just because of the sums involved. AI needs vast amounts of processing power. And that processing power needs vast amounts of electricity. On May 2nd Bob Blue, chief executive of Dominion Energy, one of America’s biggest utilities, said that data-centre developers now regularly ask him for “several gigawatts” (GW). Dominion’s total installed capacity is 34GW.
JPMorgan Chase, a bank, calculates that Microsoft, Amazon’s cloud arm (AWS), Alphabet, Meta and Microsoft consumed 90 terawatt-hours (TWH) of electricity in 2022, as much as Colombia. And that was mostly before Chatgpt set off the AI revolution in November that year. The ensuing hoopla led the the International Energy Agency (IEA), an official forecaster, to predict that data centres (including those dedicated to AI and equally energy-hungry cryptocurrencies) will gobble up more than 800twh globally in 2026, more than double the amount in 2022 (see chart). BCG, a consultancy, reckons that data processing could triple its share of American power consumption by 2030, to 7.5%.
And not just any power will do. The technology titans want theirs to be clean. In April their industry association warned Georgia Power, which had managed to fast-track the approval of 1.4gw of new fossil-fuelled generation by pointing to rising demand from data centres, that its members would build fewer of these in the southern American state if the utility spewed extra carbon. Combined with rising demand from increasingly electrified transport, heating and parts of heavy industry, digital technology’s power needs are putting enormous strain on the businesses that generate and distribute electricity.
Bloombergnef, an information firm, reckons that annual grid investment needed to fully decarbonise global electricity by 2050 will need to rise from about $300bn in 2022 to $600bn in 2030 and well over $800bn in 2050. Risk-averse utilities, which would normally undertake grid-expansion projects under the watchful eye of cost-minded regulators, have neither the money nor the appetite to do so.
Enter big tech itself. The deep-pocketed giants have already been the biggest force behind green “power-purchase agreements”, which helped kickstart America’s renewables boom by persuading utilities and other investors to build wind and solar farms. They are now getting in on the green-energy action more directly.
On May 1st Microsoft and Brookfield, one of the world’s biggest infrastructure investors, announced a deal to build 10.5gw of renewables capacity in America and Europe by 2030. The arrangement is meant to enable the software giant to meet its pledge to have 100% of its electricity use, 100% of the time, come from zero-carbon sources by 2030. Microsoft and Brookfield have not revealed the price tag, but adding a gigawatt of wind or solar capacity can cost about $1bn.
One problem is that data centres tend to consume power at a steady rate, including when the sun is not shining nor the wind blowing. So technology firms are also thinking of ways to make data-processing more flexible. In March Sidewalk Infrastructure Partners, an infrastructure-technology company co-created by Alphabet, presented a detailed plan for how this could be achieved. It involves a combination of microgrids (which can run independently but also exchange energy with others nearby), batteries and advanced software in order to enable shifting less time-sensitive tasks, such as training AI models, to periods of fallow demand. Jonathan Winer, one of Sidewalk’s founders, expects such data centres to pop up first in energy-constrained places like Arizona, California and Massachusetts.
Renewables are not the only area of big tech’s power interest. In March aws paid $650m for a 960-megawatt (MW) data centre in Pennsylvania powered by a nuclear reactor located next door. Microsoft has struck a deal with Constellation Energy, America’s biggest nuclear operator, for supply of nuclear power for its data centre in Virginia, as a backstop when wind and solar are unavailable. Both firms have also been looking at “small modular reactors”, a promising though unproven nuclear technology.
Google, meanwhile, is dabbling in geothermal energy. The search giant has signed the first-ever corporate deal to develop “enhanced” geothermal power with Fervo, a startup that has raised $430m in venture capital. Inspired by the shale industry, the hot-rocks hotshot has developed horizontal wells, monitored using fibre-optic cables. Its site in Nevada produces round-the-clock, carbon-free power for the local grid—which Google then acquires. Tim Latimer, Fervo’s boss, says that every drilling rig his firm operates can add 100mw of power. The firm is developing a 400mw commercial plant in Utah that will start feeding the grid in 2026. The Department of Energy reckons that innovations like Fervo’s could expand geothermal output in America around 20-fold, to more than 90gw, by 2050.
Google and Microsoft have also teamed up with Nucor, a giant American operator of steel mini-mills, which consume lots of electricity. In March the trio announced that they will aggregate demand and jointly offer contracts to clean-energy projects, both early-stage commercial ones and entirely novel “first-of-a-kind” ventures. The idea is to guarantee custom for developers of promising technologies like long-duration energy storage, clean hydrogen, next-generation geothermal and nuclear energy.
The AI industry’s most exotic power plays come courtesy of Sam Altman, the techno-optimistic boss of Openai, maker of Chatgpt and Microsoft’s main model-making partner. In a quest to power the ai revolution, he has invested in Helion, a nuclear-fusion startup, and Exowatt, a startup developing solar modules that can act as both electricity generators and thermal-storage batteries. Mr Altman is now looking to raise $500m for Oklo, which is working on nuclear micro-reactors that run on spent fuel from larger ones and that could power individual factories, corporate campuses and, of course, ai server farms. These wagers may seem fanciful. Then again, 18 months ago so did the idea that an ai could write essays or paint like a human.
3
愿景
打造
独立思考 | 国际视野 | 英文学习
小组
01  2024全年写作精品课
写作课共四位老师
全部雅思8+且单项写作7.5+
雅思、学术英语写作，不知如何下笔如有神？
写作精品课带你谋篇布局
带你预习-精读-写作-答疑
从输入到输出写出高质量英语作文
点击下图，即可了解写作课详情！
02 经济学人打卡营
每周一到周五阅读经济学人
并在群里以及小鹅通内写分享
分享是文章的总结或者观点或者语音打卡
字数不少于100字，中英文都可以
群里每周免费分享最新外刊合集
点击下图，即可了解打卡营详情！
03 早起打卡营
两年以来，小编已经带着25000多人早起打卡
早起倒逼自己早睡，戒掉夜宵，戒掉手机
让你成为更好的自己，创造早睡早起的奇迹！
早起是最简单的自律！
早起打卡营
欢迎你的加入！
点击下图，即可了解早起打卡营详情！
继续阅读
阅读原文