法律翻译｜美国《儿童在线安全法案（草案）Kids Online Safety Act》（下）

译者 | 黎琦西南政法大学法律硕士

一审｜胡婧卓 UCLA LL.M.

一审｜富扬北京师范大学法律硕士

编辑｜卢晓洋香港大学硕士

王冰子烟台大学法本

责编 | 扎恩哈尔·阿黑哈提新疆农业大学本科

法律翻译｜美国《儿童在线安全法案(草案)Kids Online Safety Act》(上)

（如需阅读上篇，请点击此链接）

Kids Online Safety Act

儿童在线安全法案（草案）（下）

译者注：

2022年2月16日，美国民主党参议员理查德·布鲁门撒尔及共和党参议员玛莎·布莱克本提出《儿童在线安全法案（草案）》（Kids Online Safety Act），并于同年2月24日提交至国会参议院商业、科学和运输委员会审阅。2023年05月02日，该法案被提交至参议院审议，本法案共15章，因内容较多，分两次翻译完成。第一部分为第1至7章，第二部分为第8至15章，以下为第二部分的译文。

SEC. 8. MARKET RESEARCH.

第8章市场研究

(a) Market Research By Covered Platforms.—The Federal Trade Commission, in consultation with the Secretary of Commerce, shall issue guidance for covered platforms seeking to conduct market- and product-focused research on minors. Such guidance shall include—

（a）大型平台企业的市场研究。联邦贸易委员会应与商务部长进行商讨，为寻求聚焦未成年人市场和产品研究的大型平台企业发布《指引》。此类《指引》应包括

(1) a standard consent form that provides minors and their parents a clear, conspicuous, and easy-to-understand explanation of the scope and purpose of the research to be conducted, and provides an opportunity for informed consent; and

（1）标准的同意书，以清晰、醒目且易于理解的方式向未成年人及其家长解释研究的范围和目的并保障其知情同意权；及

(2) recommendations for research practices for studies that may include minors, disaggregated by the age ranges of 0–5, 6–9, 10–12, and 13–16.

（2）对未成年人调查研究结果的建议，涉及年龄区间为0至5岁、6至9岁、10至12岁和13至16岁。

(b) Timing.—The Federal Trade Commission shall issue such guidance not later than 18 months after the date of enactment of this Act. In doing so, they shall seek input from members of the public and the representatives of the Kids Online Safety Council established under section 12.

（b）时限。联邦贸易委员会应在本法案通过之日起18个月内发布此类《指引》。在这一过程中，联邦贸易委员会应向公众人士及依照本法第12章所建立的儿童在线安全委员会代表寻求建议。

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SEC. 9. AGE VERIFICATION STUDY AND REPORT.

第9章年龄验证的调查与报告

(a) Study.—The Director of the National Institute of Standards and Technology, in coordination with the Federal Communications Commission, Federal Trade Commission, and the Secretary of Commerce, shall conduct a study evaluating the most technologically feasible methods and options for developing systems to verify age at the device or operating system level.

（a）调查。美国国家标准与技术研究院负责人应与联邦通信委员会、联邦贸易委员会和商务部长进行协调，进行一次调查以评估在设备或操作系统层级上开发年龄验证系统从技术角度出发最可行的方案及选项。

(b) Contents.—Such study shall consider —

（b）内容。此类调查应考虑

(1) the benefits of creating a device or operating system level age verification system;

（1）开发设备或操作系统层级年龄验证系统所能带来的益处；

(2) what information may need to be collected to create this type of age verification system;

（2）开发此类年龄验证系统，需采集哪些信息；

(3) the accuracy of such systems and their impact or steps to improve accessibility, including for individuals with disabilities;

（3）此类系统的准确性及改善无障碍环境的效果或步骤，包括为残障人士提供无障碍环境。

(4) how such a system or systems could verify age while mitigating risks to user privacy and data security and safeguarding minors' personal data, emphasizing minimizing the amount of data collected and processed by covered platforms and age verification providers for such a system; and

（4）此类系统或系统集如何验证年龄，同时降低用户隐私和数据安全风险，保护未成年人的个人数据，重点将大型平台企业及相关年龄验证提供方收集并处理的数据量控制在最低水平；及

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(5) the technical feasibility, including the need for potential hardware and software changes, including for devices currently in commerce and owned by consumers.

（5）技术可行性，包括商业领域现存的和消费者所拥有设备的硬件和软件更换需求。

(c) Report.—Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, the agencies described in subsection (a) shall submit a report containing the results of the study conducted under such subsection to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate and the Committee on Energy and Commerce of the House of Representatives.

（C）报告。美国国家标准与技术研究院、联邦通信委员会和联邦贸易委员会须在本法案通过之日起一年内，向参议院商业、科学和交通委员会及众议院能源和商业委员会提交根据本节所做调查的结论报告。

SEC. 10. GUIDANCE.

第10章《指引》

(a) In General.—Not later than 18 months after the date of enactment of this Act, the Federal Trade Commission, in consultation with the Kids Online Safety Council established under section 12, shall issue guidance to—

（a）一般规定。联邦贸易委员会应与儿童在线安全委员会进行商讨，在本法案通过之日起18个月内发布《指引》，《指引》内容应包括：

(1) provide information and examples for covered platforms and auditors regarding—

（1）为大型平台企业和审计人员提供涉及如下内容的信息和例证

(A) identifying features that are used to increase, sustain, or extend use of the covered platform by a minor;

（A）识别用于增加、维持或延长未成年人使用大型平台企业的特征；

(B) safeguarding minors against the possible misuse of parental tools;

（B）防止未成年人错用家长工具；

（C）向未成年人及其家长提供最高等级的隐私和安全防护的最佳实践；

(D) using indicia or inferences of age of users for assessing use of the covered platform by minors;

（D）使用用户年龄的指标或推断来评估未成年人使用大型平台企业的情况；

(E) methods for evaluating the efficacy of safeguards; and

（E）保护措施有效性的评估方法；及

(F) providing additional control options that allow parents to address the harms described in section 3(a); and

（F）为家长提供其他控制选项来应对第3章第（a）节所述的伤害；且

(2) outline conduct that does not have the purpose or substantial effect of subverting or impairing user autonomy, decision-making, or choice, or of causing, increasing, or encouraging compulsive usage for a minor, such as—

（2）简述大型平台企业不存在以剥夺或损害用户自主权、决策权或选择权，或引发、增加或怂恿未成年人强迫性使用为目的或产生实际效果的行为，如

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(A) de minimis user interface changes derived from testing consumer preferences, including different styles, layouts, or text, where such changes are not done with the purpose of weakening or disabling safeguards or parental controls;

（A）不以削弱或禁用保护措施或家长控制功能为目的，而为测试消费者偏好对用户界面的微小改动，包括差异化样式、布局或文字。

(B) algorithms or data outputs outside the control of a covered platform; and

（B）大型平台企业不能控制的算法或数据输出；及

(C) establishing default settings that provide enhanced privacy protection to users or otherwise enhance their autonomy and decision-making ability.

（C）创建默认设置，向用户提供隐私增强保护，或以其他方式增强用户的自主权和决策能力。

(b) Guidance To Schools.—Not later than 18 months after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Education, in consultation with the Federal Trade Commission and the Kids Online Safety Council established under section 12, shall issue guidance to assist to assist elementary and secondary schools in using the notice, safeguards and tools provided under this Act and providing information on online safety for students and teachers.

（b）对学校的《指引》。教育部长应与联邦贸易委员会和儿童在线安全委员会进行商讨，在本法案通过之日起18个月内发布《指引》，以辅助小学校和中学校使用提示功能、保护措施及本法案下提供的保护工具，并为学生和老师提供在线安全信息。

（c）对《指引》的限制。

(1) EFFECT OF GUIDANCE.—No guidance issued by the Federal Trade Commission with respect to this Act shall—

（1）《指引》的效力。就本法案而言，联邦贸易委员会发布的《指引》不得

(A) confer any rights on any person, State, or locality; or

（A）向任何人、任何州或地区授予任何权利；或

(B) operate to bind the Federal Trade Commission or any person to the approach recommended in such guidance.

（B）要求联邦贸易委员会或任何人必须遵守该《指引》推荐的方法。

(2) USE IN ENFORCEMENT ACTIONS.—In any enforcement action brought pursuant to this Act, the Federal Trade Commission—

（2）执法行动中对《指引》的使用要求。根据本法案进行的任何执法行动，联邦贸易委员会

(A) shall allege a violation of a provision of this Act; and

（A）应对违反本法案规定的行为提出指控；且

(B) may not base such enforcement action on, or execute a consent order based on, practices that are alleged to be inconsistent with guidance issued by the Federal Trade Commission with respect to this Act, unless the practices are alleged to violate a provision of this Act.

（B）不得将受指控违反《指引》的做法作为执法行动或执行许可令的依据，除非该做法受指控违反本法案规定。

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SEC. 11. ENFORCEMENT.

第11章执法活动

(a) Enforcement By Federal Trade Commission.—

（a）联邦贸易委员会的执法活动

(1) UNFAIR AND DECEPTIVE ACTS OR PRACTICES.—A violation of this Act or a regulation promulgated under this Act shall be treated as a violation of a rule defining an unfair or deceptive act or practice prescribed under section 18(a)(1)(B) of the Federal Trade Commission Act (15 U.S.C. 57a(a)(1)(B)).

(1)不公平和欺诈行为或做法。违反本法案或违反根据本法案颁布的规例，应视为违反有关《联邦贸易委员会》第18章第（a）节第（1）条第（B）款规定的不公平或欺骗行为或做法。

(2) POWERS OF THE COMMISSION.—

（2）联邦贸易委员会的权力

(A) IN GENERAL.—The Federal Trade Commission (referred to in this section as the “Commission”) shall enforce this Act and any regulation promulgated under this Act in the same manner, by the same means, and with the same jurisdiction, powers, and duties as though all applicable terms and provisions of the Federal Trade Commission Act (15 U.S.C. 41 et seq.) were incorporated into and made a part of this Act.

(A)一般规定。联邦贸易委员会（本章称“委员会”）执行本法案和任何根据本法案颁布的规例时，应秉持同等的态度、运用同样的方式、执行相同的管辖权、权力和义务，《联邦贸易委员会法案》的所有适用条款和规定均视为并入本法案且成为其中一部分。

(B) PRIVILEGES AND IMMUNITIES.—Any person that violates this Act or a regulation promulgated under this Act shall be subject to the penalties, and entitled to the privileges and immunities, provided in the Federal Trade Commission Act (15 U.S.C. 41 et seq.).

（B）特权及豁免权。任何人违反本法案或根据本法案颁布的规例的，均应根据《联邦贸易委员会法案》的规定接受处罚或享受特权或豁免权。

(3) AUTHORITY PRESERVED.—Nothing in this Act shall be construed to limit the authority of the Commission under any other provision of law.

（3）权限保留。本法案不得解释为限制委员会获得其他任何法律的授权。

(b) Enforcement By State Attorneys General.—

（b）州总检察长的执法活动

(1) IN GENERAL.—

（1）一般规定

(A) CIVIL ACTIONS.—In any case in which the attorney general of a State has reason to believe that an interest of the residents of that State has been or is threatened or adversely affected by the engagement of any person in a practice that violates this Act or a regulation promulgated under this Act, the State, as parens patriae, may bring a civil action on behalf of the residents of the State in a district court of the United States or a State court of appropriate jurisdiction to—

（A）民事诉讼。任何情况下，州检察总长有理由相信任何人所从事违反本法案或违反根据本法案颁布规例的活动，对本州居民权益形成威胁或已经造成负面影响的，该州检察总长有权以为维护本州居民权益为由，对违法者在美国地方法院或有管辖权的州法院提起民事诉讼

(i) enjoin that practice;

（i）命令违法者停止从事违法活动；

(ii) enforce compliance with this Act or such regulation;

（ii）强制违法者遵守本法案或相应规例；

(iii) on behalf of residents of the State, obtain damages, restitution, or other compensation, each of which shall be distributed in accordance with State law; or

（iii）代表本州居民，接受赔偿金、原物或其他补偿并根据本州法律予以分配；或

(iv) obtain such other relief as the court may consider to be appropriate.

（iv）根据法庭认为合适的方式接受其他此类救济。

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(B) NOTICE.—

（B）通知

(i) IN GENERAL.—Before filing an action under subparagraph (A), the attorney general of the State involved shall provide to the Commission—

（i）一般规定。根据第（A）款规定起诉前，相关的州检察总长应向委员会提供

(I) written notice of that action; and

（I）起诉的书面通知；及

(II) a copy of the complaint for that action.

（II）一份民事起诉状副本。

(ii) EXEMPTION.—

（ii）例外规定

(I) IN GENERAL.—Clause (i) shall not apply with respect to the filing of an action by an attorney general of a State under this paragraph if the attorney general of the State determines that it is not feasible to provide the notice described in that clause before the filing of the action.

（I）一般规定。州检察总长认为根据本条规定起诉前提供第（i）项所述的书面通知不可行的，该民事诉讼不适用第（i）项的规定。

(II) NOTIFICATION.—In an action described in subclause (I), the attorney general of a State shall provide notice and a copy of the complaint to the Commission at the same time as the attorney general files the action.

（II）通知书。根据第（I）目所述的诉讼，州检察总长应在起诉时同时向委员会提供一份书面通知书及民事起诉状副本。

(2) INTERVENTION.—

（2）参加诉讼

(A) IN GENERAL.—On receiving notice under paragraph (1)(B), the Commission shall have the right to intervene in the action that is the subject of the notice.

（A）一般规定。委员会在收到第（1）条第（B）款下的通知后，有权参加该诉讼。

(B) EFFECT OF INTERVENTION.—If the Commission intervenes in an action under paragraph (1), it shall have the right—

（B）诉讼权利。委员会参加第（1）条下的诉讼，有权

(i) to be heard with respect to any matter that arises in that action; and

（i）对诉讼中提出的任何事项发表意见；及

(ii) to file a petition for appeal.

（ii）就上诉提交相应申请。

(3) CONSTRUCTION.—For purposes of bringing any civil action under paragraph (1), nothing in this Act shall be construed to prevent an attorney general of a State from exercising the powers conferred on the attorney general by the laws of that State to—

（3）解释。为提起第（1）条下的民事诉讼，本法案应允许州检察总长行使本州法律赋予的权力

(A) conduct investigations;

（A）开展各种调查；

(B) administer oaths or affirmations; or

（B）宣誓或确认；或

（C）督促证人出庭或提交文件或其他证据。

(4) ACTIONS BY THE COMMISSION.—In any case in which an action is instituted by or on behalf of the Commission for violation of this Act or a regulation promulgated under this Act, no State may, during the pendency of that action, institute a separate action under paragraph (1) against any defendant named in the complaint in the action instituted by or on behalf of the Commission for that violation.

（4）委员会提起的诉讼。委员会或以委员会名义对违反本法案或其附属规例的行为提起诉讼的，任何州在任何情况下都无权在诉讼完结前对民事起诉状中提及的任何被告单独提起第（1）条下规定的诉讼。

(5) VENUE; SERVICE OF PROCESS.—

（5）诉讼地点；法律程序相关文件的送达。

(A) VENUE.—Any action brought under paragraph (1) may be brought in—

（A）诉讼地点。任何第（1）条规定的诉讼都应起诉至

(i) the district court of the United States that meets applicable requirements relating to venue under section 1391 of title 28, United States Code; or

（i）美国地方法院，且符合《美国法典》第28篇第1391章下有关诉讼地点的适用规定；或

(ii) a State court of competent jurisdiction.

（ii）具有适格管辖权的州法院。

(B) SERVICE OF PROCESS.—In an action brought under paragraph (1) in a district court of the United States, process may be served wherever defendant—

（B）法律程序相关文件的送达。根据第（1）条规定在美国地方法院提起的诉讼，法律程序文件可以送达至被告的

(i) is an inhabitant; or

（i）常住地；或

(ii) may be found.

（ii）暂住地。

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SEC. 12. KIDS ONLINE SAFETY COUNCIL.

第12章儿童在线安全委员会

(a) Establishment.—Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Commerce shall establish and convene the Kids Online Safety Council for the purpose of providing advice on matters related to this Act.

（a）成立。商务部长应在本法案通过之日起180日内，成立并召集儿童在线安全委员会成员，为本法案的相关事项提供意见。

(b) Participation.—The Kids Online Safety Council shall include diverse participation from—

（b）参与。儿童在线安全委员会成员应多元化，包括

(1) academic experts, health professionals, and members of civil society with expertise in mental health, substance use disorders, and the prevention of harms to minors;

（1）学术专家、卫生专业人员及在精神健康、药物滥用和预防未成年人伤害领域有专业技能的民间团体成员；

(2) representatives in academia and civil society with specific expertise in privacy and civil liberties;

（2）在隐私和公民自由领域具备特殊技能的学术和民间社会代表；

(3) parents and youth representation;

（3）家长和青年代表；

(4) representatives of covered platforms;

（4）大型平台企业代表；

(5) representatives of the National Telecommunications and Information Administration, the National Institute of Standards and Technology, the Federal Trade Commission, the Department of Justice, and the Department of Health and Human Services;

（5）国家电信和信息管理局、国家标准与技术研究所、联邦贸易委员会、司法部以及卫生与公众服务部的代表；

(6) State attorneys general or their designees acting in State or local government; and

（6）州检察总长或在州或地方政府任职的委派人员；及

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(7) representatives of communities of socially disadvantaged individuals (as defined in section 8 of the Small Business Act (15 U.S.C. 637)).

(7) 《小型企业法案》第8章定义的社会弱势群体代表。

（c）活动。儿童在线安全委员会有权陈述如下事项

(1) identifying emerging or current risks of harms to minors associated with online platforms;

（1）识别在线平台上针对未成年人的现实伤害风险；

(2) recommending measures and methods for assessing, preventing, and mitigating harms to minors online;

（2）提出评估、预防及减轻在线平台上针对未成年人伤害的措施和方式；

(3) recommending methods and themes for conducting research regarding online harms to minors; and

（3）提出在线平台上针对未成年人伤害研究的方式和主题；

(4) recommending best practices and clear, consensus-based technical standards for transparency reports and audits, as required under this Act, including methods, criteria, and scope to promote overall accountability.

（4）根据本法案规定，为透明度报告和审计人员提供最佳实践及清晰的、基于共识的技术标准，包括为推广全面问责制度而制定的方法、标准和范围。

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SEC. 13. EFFECTIVE DATE.

第13章生效日期

Except as otherwise provided in this Act, this Act shall take effect on the date that is 18 months after the date of enactment of this Act.

除非本法案另有规定，本法案应于通过之日起18个月届满时生效。

SEC. 14. RULES OF CONSTRUCTION AND OTHER MATTERS.

第14章解释规则及其他事项

(a) Relationship To Other Laws.—Nothing in this Act shall be construed to—

（a）本法案与其他法律的关系。本法案不得作如下解释：

(1) preempt section 444 of the General Education Provisions Act (20 U.S.C. 1232g, commonly known as the “Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974”) or other Federal or State laws governing student privacy;

(1)优先于《普通教育法》（俗称“1974年家庭教育权利和隐私权法”) 第444章或其他保护学生隐私的联邦法或州法;

(2) preempt the Children's Online Privacy Protection Act of 1998 (15 U.S.C. 6501 et seq.) or any rule or regulation promulgated under such Act; or

(2) 优先于《1998年儿童在线隐私保护法》或根据该法案颁布的任何规则或规例；或

(3) authorize any action that would conflict with section 18(h) of the Federal Trade Commission Act (15 U.S.C. 57a(h)).

(3) 授权提起任何可能与《联邦贸易委员会法》第18条第（h）款相冲突的诉讼。

(b) Protections For Privacy.—Nothing in this Act shall be construed to require—

（b）隐私保护。本法不得作如下解释：

(1) the affirmative collection of any personal data with respect to the age of users that a covered platform is not already collecting in the normal course of business; or

（1）要求大型平台企业积极收集其在正常业务中未实际收集过的、与用户年龄相关的个人数据；或

(2) a covered platform to implement an age gating or age verification functionality.

（2）要求大型平台企业实施年龄设限或年龄验证功能。

（c）合规。本法案不得作如下解释：

(1) cooperate with law enforcement agencies regarding activity that the covered platform reasonably and in good faith believes may violate Federal, State, or local laws, rules, or regulations;

（1）限制大型平台企业与执法机构合作，对其合理且诚实的相信在线活动违反联邦、州或地方法律、规则或规例的行为进行调查；

(2) comply with a civil, criminal, or regulatory inquiry or any investigation, subpoena, or summons by Federal, State, local, or other government authorities; or

（2）限制大型平台企业配合联邦、州、地方或其他政府机构的民事、刑事或监管审查或任何调查、传讯或传召出庭；或

(3) investigate, establish, exercise, respond to, or defend against legal claims.

（3）限制大型平台企业对法律索赔权进行审查、主张、行使、回应或反驳。

（图片来源于网络）

SEC. 15. SEVERABILITY.

第15章可分割性

If any provision of this Act, or an amendment made by this Act, is determined to be unenforceable or invalid, the remaining provisions of this Act and the amendments made by this Act shall not be affected.

本法案的部分规定或部分修正案被裁定不可执行或无效的，其他规定及其他修正案不受影响。

原文链接：

https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/senate-bill/1409/text

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