连载 | 天路历程 The Pilgrim's Progress

十二、多话（2）

FAITH. Then Faithful stepped forward again, and said to Talkative, Come, what cheer? How is it now?

于是忠信又走过去，对多话说，喂，你好吧？这会儿怎么样？

TALK. Thank you, well. I thought we should have had a great deal of talk by this time.

多话说：谢谢，很好；我原以为到这会儿我们可以谈了很多话呢。

FAITH. Well, if you will, we will fall to it now; and since you left it with me to state the question, let it be this: How doth the saving grace of God discover itself when it is in the heart of man?

忠信说：啊，要是你愿意的话，我们现在可以开始谈；既然你让我提问题，那我就提这样一个问题：上帝的救恩在人心里有什么表现？

TALK. I perceive, then, that our talk must be about the power of things. Well, it is a very good question, and I shall be willing to answer you. And take my answer in brief, thus: First, Where the grace of God is in the heart, it causeth there a great outcry against sin. Secondly--

多话说：我看出我们要谈的是关于力量的问题。啊，这是很好的问题，我愿意回答你；我的回答简单的说来就是这样：第一，心里有了上帝的恩典，它就会使人大声反对罪恶。第二——

FAITH. Nay, hold, let us consider of one at once. I think you should rather say, It shows itself by inclining the soul to abhor its sin.

忠信说：且慢，停住；让我们一次考虑一件事。我认为你应该说，它表现在它使灵魂痛恨罪恶。

TALK. Why, what difference is there between crying out against, and abhorring of sin?

多话说：怎么，大声反对罪恶和痛恨罪恶有什么不同？

FAITH. Oh, a great deal. A man may cry out against sin of policy, but he cannot abhor it, but by virtue of a godly antipathy against it. I have heard many cry out against sin in the pulpit, who yet can abide it well enough in the heart, house, and conversation. Joseph's mistress cried out with a loud voice, as if she had been very holy; but she would willingly, notwithstanding that, have committed uncleanness with him. Some cry out against sin even as the mother cries out against her child in her lap, when she calleth it slut and naughty girl, and then falls to hugging and kissing it.

忠信说：哦！有很大的区别。一个人可能为了耍弄策略而大声反对罪恶；可是，除非出于真正的厌恶，他是不会痛恨它的。我听见过很多人在讲道坛上大嚷大叫反对罪恶；可是他们在内心里、家庭里，并且在交际中都很能够忍受它。约瑟的主妇大声喊叫，好像她非常贞节似的，可是尽管这样，她很愿意跟他私通（9）。有些人大声疾呼地反对罪恶，就像母亲大声骂她怀里的孩子，说她是贱货，又说她是专爱闹别扭的女孩，然后又紧抱着她，吻她。

TALK. You lie at the catch, I perceive.

多话说：我看你在吹毛求疵。

FAITH. No, not I; I am only for setting things right. But what is the second thing whereby you would prove a discovery of a work of grace in the heart?

忠信说：不，我没有；我只是要把事情弄清楚罢了。不过你要用来证明恩典在心里作工的第二件事是什么？

TALK. Great knowledge of gospel mysteries.

多话说：对福音里奥秘的详尽知识。

FAITH. This sign should have been first; but first or last, it is also false; for knowledge, great knowledge, may be obtained in the mysteries of the gospel, and yet no work of grace in the soul. Yea, if a man have all knowledge, he may yet be nothing, and so consequently be no child of God. When Christ said, "Do you know all these things?" and the disciples had answered, Yes; he addeth, "Blessed are ye if ye do them." He doth not lay the blessing in the knowing of them, but in the doing of them. For there is a knowledge that is not attended with doing: He that knoweth his masters will, and doeth it not. A man may know like an angel, and yet be no Christian, therefore your sign of it is not true. Indeed, to know is a thing that pleaseth talkers and boasters, but to do is that which pleaseth God. Not that the heart can be good without knowledge; for without that, the heart is naught. There is, therefore, knowledge and knowledge. Knowledge that resteth in the bare speculation of things; and knowledge that is accompanied with the grace of faith and love; which puts a man upon doing even the will of God from the heart: the first of these will serve the talker; but without the other the true Christian is not content. "Give me understanding, and I shall keep thy law; yea, I shall observe it with my whole heart."

忠信说：这种现象应该最先有：不过，最先也好，最后也好，这也是靠不住的；因为一个人可以从福音里的奥秘获得知识，详尽的知识，然而在他的灵魂里却没有恩典（10）。是的，即使一个人有各种的知识，他可能算不上什么，因此也不是上帝的儿子。当基督说，“这一切事情你们知道吗？”的时候，门徒们回答说知道，于是他加上一句，“你们这样做有福了（11）。”他不把祝福加在知道那些事的人身上，他祝福的是把那些事付诸行动的人。因为有一种知识跟实践根本毫无关系的：“他知道他主人的意旨，然而并不遵照那意旨行事。”一个人可能像个天使，什么都知道，可是并不是个基督徒；因此，你所说的现象是靠不住的。的确，爱讲话和爱夸口的人喜欢知道；可是上帝喜欢人去做。这并不是说，没有知识，心灵也可以称得上完美，因为没有它，心灵就算不了什么（12）。因此，知识有两种——一种是基于对事物的空洞的思考的知识，一种是伴有信心和爱心的天惠的知识，这种天惠使一个人真心诚意地按上帝的意旨行事：前一种知识很合空谈家的胃口；可是，如果没有后一种的知识，真正的基督徒是不会满足的。“求你赐我悟性，我便遵守你的律法，且要一心遵守。”

TALK. You lie at the catch again; this is not for edification.

多话说：你又在吹毛求疵了；这并没有启发作用。

FAITH. Well, if you please, propound another sign how this work of grace discovereth itself where it is.

忠心说：那么请你再举出一个恩典作工的现象。

TALK. Not I, for I see we shall not agree.

多话说：我可不；因为我知道我们不会同意的。

FAITH. Well, if you will not, will you give me leave to do it?

忠信说：啊，你既然不肯举出，能不能让我来举？

TALK. You may use your liberty.

多话说：随你的便。

FAITH. A work of grace in the soul discovereth itself, either to him that hath it, or to standers by.

忠信说：恩典在灵魂里作工，表现在两方面，（13）在本人方面（14）和在旁观者方面。

To him that hath it thus: It gives him conviction of sin, especially of the defilement of his nature and the sin of unbelief, (for the sake of which he is sure to be damned, if he findeth not mercy at God's hand, by faith in Jesus Christ. This sight and sense of things worketh in him sorrow and shame for sin; he findeth, moreover, revealed in him the Saviour of the world, and the absolute necessity of closing with him for life, at the which he findeth hungerings and thirstings after him; to which hungerings, etc., the promise is made. Now, according to the strength or weakness of his faith in his Saviour, so is his joy and peace, so is his love to holiness, so are his desires to know him more, and also to serve him in this world. But though I say it discovereth itself thus unto him, yet it is but seldom that he is able to conclude that this is a work of grace; because his corruptions now, and his abused reason, make his mind to misjudge in this matter; therefore, in him that hath this work, there is required a very sound judgement before he can, with steadiness, conclude that this is a work of grace.

在本人方面是这样的：它使他悔罪，尤其会使他觉悟到自（15）己天性的污秽，以及不信的罪恶，如果他不通过相信耶稣基督来取得上帝的怜悯的话，（16）他必定会因不信而被定罪。这种看法（17）和意识使他内心对罪恶感到痛苦和可耻；并且他发现救世主在他心里启示（18），而他绝对需要一辈子追随祂；这样做的时候，他发现对祂的渴慕（19）；而这种渴慕的心等等都有希望得到满足（20）。他会感到多么欢乐和平安，他对圣洁的喜爱程度、以及他在追求对救主认识得更清楚些和要在世上为祂服务这两件事上有多么心切，都是以他对救主的信心的强弱而定。但是虽然我说恩典在他身上会这样表现出来，可是他往往不知道这是恩典在作工；因为他目前的败坏和他被妄用的理智使他在这件事上有了错误的判断。因此一个有恩典在他心里作工的人需要有非常健全的判断力，才能毫不犹豫地断定这是恩典在作工。

To others, it is thus discovered:

在别人方面，可以看到这样的表现：——

1. By an experimental confession of his faith in Christ.

第一，一种试验性的对基督的信心的表白（21）；

2. By a life answerable to that confession; to wit, a life of holiness, heart-holiness, family-holiness, (if he hath a family), and by conversation-holiness in the world which, in the general, teacheth him, inwardly, to abhor his sin, and himself for that, in secret; to suppress it in his family and to promote holiness in the world; not by talk only, as a hypocrite or talkative person may do, but by a practical subjection, in faith and love, to the power of the Word. And now, Sir, as to this brief description of the work of grace, and also the discovery of it, if you have aught to object, object; if not, then give me leave to propound to you a second question.

第二，一种符合于这种表白的生活（22）；也就是说，圣洁的生活——内心的圣洁，在家庭里的圣洁（如果他有家庭的话），以及处世为人的圣洁；一般说来，这使他从心底里痛恨他自己的罪，因此也就私下里痛恨着自己；这使他在家庭里防止罪恶，在世间发扬圣洁，不只是用话语，像伪善者或多嘴的人那样，而是抱着信心和爱心在实际行动上服从基督的权柄。现在，先生，对这一番关于恩典作工的简短叙述，以及它的表现方面，你要是有反对的意见，请发表；要是没有，请准许我向你提出第二个问题。

TALK. Nay, my part is not now to object, but to hear; let me, therefore, have your second question.

多话说：不，我现在不好反对了，我只有听的份儿；所以，让我听你谈你的第二个问题吧。

FAITH. It is this: Do you experience this first part of this description of it? and doth your life and conversation testify the same? or standeth your religion in word or in tongue, and not in deed and truth? Pray, if you incline to answer me in this, say no more than you know the God above will say Amen to; and also nothing but what your conscience can justify you in; for not he that commendeth himself is approved, but whom the Lord commendeth. Besides, to say I am thus and thus, when my conversation, and all my neighbours, tell me I lie, is great wickedness.

忠信说：是这样；你有没有体验到像这一篇关于恩典作工的叙述中前一部分的那种情况？你的生活和行为能不能为它作证？或者是不是你的宗教只停留在话语里或者舌头上，跟行动和实际没丝毫关系？要是你愿意回答我这个问题，那么，除了你知道上帝会赞同的话以外，不要多说一句，也别说任何你良心不能为你作证的话：“因为不是自我赞扬的人，而是上帝赞扬的人才能得到承认。”并且当我的行径表现我在说谎，同时我所有的邻居也都说我在说谎，而我自己却说我是这样那样的人，这是非常邪恶的。

TALK. Then Talkative at first began to blush; but, recovering himself, thus he replied: You come now to experience, to conscience, and God; and to appeal to him for justification of what is spoken. This kind of discourse I did not expect; nor am I disposed to give an answer to such questions, because I count not myself bound thereto, unless you take upon you to be a catechiser, and, though you should so do, yet I may refuse to make you my judge. But, I pray, will you tell me why you ask me such questions?

起初多话脸渐渐红了起来；后来又恢复原状，他这样回答：你现在谈到体验、良心和上帝；并且为了证明你所说的话的正确性，你诉诸上帝。我没有料到会有这种谈论，我也不打算回答这些问题，因为我认为我没有必要这样做，除非你自命为传道师；即使你这样做，我还可以不承认你是裁判员。不过请告诉我，你为什么问我这些问题？

FAITH. Because I saw you forward to talk, and because I knew not that you had aught else but notion. Besides, to tell you all the truth, I have heard of you, that you are a man whose religion lies in talk, and that your conversation gives this your mouth-profession the lie.

忠信说：因为我看到你挺会说话，而且我不知道你是不是除了意见以外，别的什么都没有。并且，老实告诉你，我听说你只在口头上谈谈信仰，你的行为却恰恰跟你所讲的话相反。

They say, you are a spot among Christians; and that religion fareth the worse for your ungodly conversation; that some have already stumbled at your wicked ways, and that more are in danger of being destroyed thereby; your religion, and an ale-house, and covetousness, and uncleanness, and swearing, and lying, and vain-company keeping, will stand together. The proverb is true of you which is said of amwhore, to wit, that she is a shame to all women; so are you ashame to all professors.

人家说你是基督徒中的污点，而且由于你不义的行为，宗教受到损害，已经有些人因你邪恶的行为而跌倒了，更多的人因你而遭遇到沉沦的危险；你的宗教跟酒店、贪婪、不洁净、赌咒、说谎和无益的人作伴等等这些事物相结合起来。用在娼妓身上的俗语对你正适用，那就是，“她是所有女人的耻辱。”你也是所有教徒的耻辱。

TALK. Since you are ready to take up reports and to judge so rashly as you do, I cannot but conclude you are some peevish or melancholy man, not fit to be discoursed with; and so adieu.

多话说：你既然这样随便听信人家的话，又这样轻率地下判断，我也只好断定你是个坏脾气或者性情忧郁的人，不适宜跟人交谈；因此，再会吧。

CHR. Then came up Christian, and said to his brother, I told you how it would happen: your words and his lusts could not agree; he had rather leave your company than reform his life. But he is gone, as I said; let him go, the loss is no man's but his own; he has saved us the trouble of going from him; for he continuing (as I suppose he will do) as he is, he would have been but a blot in our company: besides, the apostle says, "From such withdraw thyself."

于是基督徒走上前去跟他的兄弟说，我不是早告诉你是这么回事吗？你的话跟他的贪欲格格不入。他宁可离开你而不情愿改变他的生活。就像我刚才说的，他走了；让他去，别人没有蒙受什么损失，受到损失的是他自己。他那样做了就省得我们把他丢开；因为如果他一直坚持他的老作风（我认为他会那样的），他会成为我们的污辱；并且，使徒说，“离开这种人（23）。”

FAITH. But I am glad we had this little discourse with him; it may happen that he will think of it again: however, I have dealt plainly with him, and so am clear of his blood, if he perisheth.

忠信说：不过我们跟他交谈过，我倒很高兴；也许有一天他会回想起这件事来；无论如何，我对他很坦白，他如果灭亡，我是没有责任的。

CHR. You did well to talk so plainly to him as you did; there is but little of this faithful dealing with men nowadays, and that makes religion to stink so in the nostrils of many, as it doth; for they are these talkative fools whose religion is only in word, and are debauched and vain in their conversation, that (being so much admitted into the fellowship of the godly) do puzzle the world, blemish Christianity, and grieve the sincere. I wish that all men would deal with such as you have done: then should they either be made more conformable to religion, or the company of saints would be too hot for them. Then did Faithful say,

基督徒说：你跟他那样坦白地谈，是做得对。现在像这样老老实实对待人的作风实在少有，因此很多人唾弃宗教；因为他们是好说话的傻瓜，他们的信仰只在口头上，行为既放荡又虚伪，又由于他们跟正义的人常在一起，他们使世人觉得费解，他们玷污基督教，并且使诚实人痛心。我希望所有的人能像你那样对付这种人；那么他们不是会变得遵奉宗教，就是无法再跟圣洁的人待在一起。然后忠信说：——

How Talkative at first lifts up his plumes!

How bravely doth he speak! How he presumes

To drive down all before him! But so soon

As Faithful talks of heart-work, like the moon

That's past the full, into the wane he goes.

And so will all, but he that HEART-WORK knows.

起初多话得意洋洋！

他的话多么漂亮！

他自以为可以压倒一切人！

可是忠信一谈到内心修行，

他就像一轮圆月渐渐亏缺；

唯有懂得修行的人才和他有所分别——

9《旧约全书·创世记》第39章第15节：他听见我放声喊起来，就把衣裳丢在我这里，跑到外边去了。

10《新约全书·哥林多前书》第13章第1、2节：我若能说万人的方言，并天使的话语，却没有爱，我就成了鸣的锣，响的钹一般。我若有先知讲道之能，也明白各样的奥秘，各样的知识，而且有全备的信，叫我能够移山，却没有爱，我就算不得什么。

11《新约全书·约翰福音》第13章第17节：你们既知道这事，若是去行就有福了。

12《旧约全书·箴言》第19章第2节：心无知识的，乃为不善；脚步急快的，难免犯罪。

13《新约全书·约翰福音》第16章第8节：他既来了，就要叫世人为罪、为义、为审判，自己责备自己。

14《新约全书·马可福音》第16章第16节：信而受洗的必然得救，不信的必被定罪。

15《新约全书·罗马书》第7章第24节：我真是苦啊！谁能救我脱离这取死的身体呢？

16《新约全书·约翰福音》第16章第9节：为罪，是因他们不信我。

《新约全书·加拉太书》第2章第16节：既知道人称义不是因行律法，乃是因信耶稣基督，连我们也信了基督耶稣，使我们因信基督称义，不因行律法称义，因为凡有血气的，没有一人因行律法称义。

17《旧约全书·诗篇》第38篇第18节：我要承认我的罪孽，我要因我的罪忧愁。

《旧约全书·耶利米书》第31章第19节：我回转以后，就真正懊悔；受教以后，就拍腿叹息，我因担当幼年的凌辱，就抱愧蒙羞。

18《新约全书·使徒行传》第4章第12节：除他以外，别无拯救；因为在天下人间，没有赐下别的名，我们可以靠着得救。

19《新约全书·启示录》第21章第6节：他又对我说：“都成了。我是阿拉法，我是俄梅戛；我是初，我是终。我要将生命泉的水白白赐给那口渴的人喝。”

20《新约全书·马太福音》第5章第6节：饥渴慕义的人有福了！因为他们必得饱足；

21《新约全书·罗马书》第10章第10节：因为人心里相信，就可以称义；口里承认，就可以得救。

《新约全书·腓立比书》第1章第27节：只要你们行事为人与基督的福音相称，叫我或来见你们，或不在你们那里，可以听见你们的景况，知道你们同有一个心志，站立得稳，为所信的福音齐心努力。

《新约全书·马太福音》第5章第9节：使人和睦的人有福了！因为他们必称为神的儿子。

《旧约全书·诗篇》第50篇第23节：凡以感谢献上为祭的，便是荣耀我；那按正路而行的，我必使他得着我的救恩。

22《新约全书·约翰福音》第14章第15节：你们若爱我，就必遵守我的命令。

《旧约全书·约伯记》第42章第5、6节：我从前风闻有你，现在亲眼看见你。因此我厌恶自己，在尘土和炉灰中懊悔。

《旧约全书·以西结书》第20章第43节：你们在那里要追念玷污自己的行动作为，又要因所作的一切恶事厌恶自己。

23《新约全书·哥林多后书》第6章第17节：又说：“你们务要从他们中间出来，与他们分别，不要沾不洁净的物，我就收纳你们。”