今日读经诗篇43-45,49(圣荷西圣约长老会按历史发生顺序两年读经计划)
“基督教要义”每日灵修版 - Book I 对创造主上帝的认识

8月29日 [2.4.4] 神 “掌管”人心的刚硬,成就他的旨意

神 “掌管”人心刚硬的方式,有两种: 间接的任凭,与直接的对抗。圣经说: “他废去忠信人的讲论,又夺去老人的聪明”(伯12:20);“他将地上民中首领的聪明夺去,使他们在荒废无路之地漂流”(伯12:24;诗107:40)。以赛亚的祷告说: “主耶和华阿,你为何使我们走差离开你的道,使我们心里刚硬不敬畏你呢?”(赛63:17)。这些经文告诉我们: 神离弃人,不在人心中运行改正他们的后果。这是所谓 “间接的任凭”使人心刚硬。

关于 “直接的对抗”,圣经说神差遣摩西去吩咐与劝戒法老,使得法老的心越来越刚硬: “我使法老的心刚硬…...不听你们”(出7:3-4);“你…要留意将我指示你的一切奇事,行在法老面前,但我要使他的心刚硬,他必不容百姓去”(出4:21),后来神说是他使法老的心 “刚硬”(出10:1,20,27;11:10;14:8)。神不仅任凭法老的心刚硬,更是藉著摩西宣告旨意并施行神迹奇事,来对抗法老。结果法老就更加刚硬,因为神将他交给撒但,他的心成为顽梗不化、敌挡到底。这是神先前预告诉摩西会发生的情形,他使法老的心刚硬(出4:21)。以色列人离开埃及之后,法老和埃及人心变得更刚硬,要追赶以色列人,原因何在? 圣经说: “神使法老的心刚硬”(出14:4,8;参考申2:30)。

诗篇回顾陈述此历史事件,说: “主耶和华使敌人的心转去恨他的百姓”(诗105:25)。这些敌人的心因为刚硬而 “转去”,显示他们因犯罪而被扭转,被神使用成就他的旨意计画。这些抵挡神的人,因其悖逆而被神遗弃。当神要惩罚以色列百姓背约所犯的罪,他使用这些外邦人来欺压他们,作为刑罚的工具,来成就他的计画,施行管教。既然这些被遗弃的外邦人作为管教工具,这就显示神自己是主动的掌管人的 “刚硬”。所以,当神藉著先知预言: 他将发咝声招远方的国民来(赛5:26;7:18),兴起他们作以色列人的网罗(结12:13;17:20),使用他们作为大锤来击碎以色列人(耶50:23)。亚述人被称斧头,是被神使用的刑罚工具(赛10:15),这就证明神是用斧砍木者,主动行事,掌管人心的刚硬。总而言之,人犯罪是出于自己,然而犯罪所带来的结果,乃是在神的大能 “掌管”中,因为神按照他自己的旨意掌管黑暗。所以,大卫说: “黑暗也不能遮蔽我,使你不见”(诗139:12)。

伯 12:20 他废去忠信人的讲论;又夺去老人的聪明。 (CUVS)
Job 12:20 He removeth away the speech of the trusty, and taketh away the understanding of the aged. (KJV)

伯 12:24 他将地上民中首领的聪明夺去,使他们在荒废无路之地漂流。 诗 107:40 他使君王蒙羞被辱,使他们在荒废无路之地漂流。 (和合本 CUV)
Job 12:24 He taketh away the heart of the chief of the people of the earth, and causeth them to wander in a wilderness where there is no way. Ps 107:40 He poureth contempt upon princes, and causeth them to wander in the wilderness, where there is no way. (King James Version KJV)

赛 63:17 耶和华啊!你为何使我们走差离开你的道,使我们心里刚硬不敬畏你呢?求你为你仆人为你产业支派的缘故转回来。 (CUVS)
Is 63:17 O LORD, why hast thou made us to err from thy ways, and hardened our heart from thy fear? Return for thy servants' sake, the tribes of thine inheritance. (KJV)
出 7:3 我要使法老的心刚硬,也要在埃及地多行神迹奇事。 出 7:4 但法老必不听你们,我要伸手重重地刑罚埃及,将我的军队以色列民,从埃及地领出来。 (和合本 CUV)
Exod 7:3 And I will harden Pharaoh's heart, and multiply my signs and my wonders in the land of Egypt. Exod 7:4 But Pharaoh shall not hearken unto you, that I may lay my hand upon Egypt, and bring forth mine armies, and my people the children of Israel, out of the land of Egypt by great judgments. (King James Version KJV)
出 4:21 耶和华对摩西说:“你回到埃及的时候要留意,将我指示你的一切奇事,行在法老面前,但我要使(或作“任凭”。下同)他的心刚硬,他必不容百姓去。 (CUVS)
Ex 4:21 And the LORD said unto Moses, When thou goest to return into Egypt, see that thou do all those wonders before Pharaoh, which I have put in thine hand, but I will harden his heart, that he shall not let the people go. (KJV)
出 10:1 耶和华对摩西说:“你进去见法老,我使他和他臣仆的心刚硬,为要在他们中间显我这些神迹。 出 10:20 但耶和华使法老的心刚硬,不容以色列人去。 出 10:27 但耶和华使法老的心刚硬,不肯容他们去。 出 11:10 摩西、亚伦在法老面前行了这一切奇事,耶和华使法老的心刚硬,不容以色列人出离他的地。 出 14:8 耶和华使埃及王法老的心刚硬,他就追赶以色列人,因为以色列人是昂然无惧地出埃及。 (和合本 CUV)
Exod 10:1 And the LORD said unto Moses, Go in unto Pharaoh, for I have hardened his heart, and the heart of his servants, that I might shew these my signs before him, Exod 10:20 But the LORD hardened Pharaoh's heart, so that he would not let the children of Israel go. Exod 10:27 But the LORD hardened Pharaoh's heart, and he would not let them go. Exod 11:10 And Moses and Aaron did all these wonders before Pharaoh, and the LORD hardened Pharaoh's heart, so that he would not let the children of Israel go out of his land. Exod 14:8 And the LORD hardened the heart of Pharaoh king of Egypt, and he pursued after the children of Israel, and the children of Israel went out with an high hand. (King James Version KJV)
出 4:21 耶和华对摩西说:“你回到埃及的时候要留意,将我指示你的一切奇事,行在法老面前,但我要使(或作“任凭”。下同)他的心刚硬,他必不容百姓去。 (CUVS)
Ex 4:21 And the LORD said unto Moses, When thou goest to return into Egypt, see that thou do all those wonders before Pharaoh, which I have put in thine hand, but I will harden his heart, that he shall not let the people go. (KJV)
出 14:4 我要使法老的心刚硬,他要追赶他们,我便在法老和他全军身上得荣耀,埃及人就知道我是耶和华。”于是以色列人这样行了。 出 14:8 耶和华使埃及王法老的心刚硬,他就追赶以色列人,因为以色列人是昂然无惧地出埃及。 申 2:30 但希实本王西宏不容我们从他那里经过,因为耶和华你的 神使他心中刚硬,性情顽梗,为要将他交在你手中,象今日一样。 (和合本 CUV)

Exod 14:4 And I will harden Pharaoh's heart, that he shall follow after them; and I will be honoured upon Pharaoh, and upon all his host; that the Egyptians may know that I am the LORD. And they did so. Exod 14:8 And the LORD hardened the heart of Pharaoh king of Egypt, and he pursued after the children of Israel, and the children of Israel went out with an high hand. Deut 2:30 But Sihon king of Heshbon would not let us pass by him, for the LORD thy God hardened his spirit, and made his heart obstinate, that he might deliver him into thy hand, as appeareth this day. (King James Version KJV)
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